斜切中亚的大规模北东向地壳块体滑移——以帕米尔—阿尔泰滑移构造带为例
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摘要
大体沿中国西部国界,由帕米尔高原向北东方向直至阿尔泰,有一条延伸约1 500 km,宽达200 km以上的滑移构造带,使得新疆与西部邻区在地质对比中产生许多困难.在这条带上尚未形成地表贯通的大型走滑断裂,而是表现为不同时期形成的古断裂等构造薄弱带以新的动力方式复活和重新组合.这一由下地壳驱动的滑移带控制了这一地区的盆山布局,形成中亚地区大规模的现代山脉牵弓l现象,早更新世以来左行滑移超过600 km,向北逐渐减小.地震解析和GPS测量资料表明,这条滑移带现今仍然十分活跃.该滑移构造带向西南延伸,可与印度板块以西的恰曼转换断裂系统相接,进入波斯湾,直达印度洋中脊.从广义上讲,帕米尔一阿尔泰滑移构造带应属恰曼转换断裂系统向亚欧大陆内部的延续.对这条位于多国边界的活动性滑移构造带的研究,不仅有利于新疆与中亚地区地质构造及矿带对比,而且对环境与灾害地质研究也有重要意义.
There is a gliding-tectonic-zone about 1 500 km long and 200 km wide roughly along the western border of China, from Pamir to the Altay mountains. Great difficulties exist in geological correlation between Xinjiang and its western neighbors. No huge strike-slip fault zone has been exposed in the area. But structural weak zone is demonstrated as reactivation of faults of different ages. The gliding-tectonic-zone driven from the lower crust has controlled the layout of basins and mountains in the area, resulting in formation of large-scale modern mountain drag structures in the central Asia. The left-hand displacement surpasses 600 km, and decreases gradually northward since the early Pleistocene. Seismic data and GPS measurement indicate that the zone is still very active. The gliding-tectonic-zone extends southeastward, and connects with the Qia-Man transform fault west of the India plate, to the Persian Gulf and the mid-ridge of the Indian Ocean. Generally speaking, the Pamir-Altay Mountain zone is an extension of the Qia-Man transform fault system into the Eurasia continent. The research of this zone with multiple borders will benefit not only the correlative research between Xinjiang and neighboring countries, but also the research of environment and geohazard in the central Asia.
There is a gliding-tectonic-zone about 1 500 km long and 200 km wide roughly along the western border of China, from Pamir to the Altay mountains. Great difficulties exist in geological correlation between Xinjiang and its western neighbors. No huge strike-slip fault zone has been exposed in the area. But structural weak zone is demonstrated as reactivation of faults of different ages. The gliding-tectonic-zone driven from the lower crust has controlled the layout of basins and mountains in the area, resulting in formation of large-scale modern mountain drag structures in the central Asia. The left-hand displacement surpasses 600 km, and decreases gradually northward since the early Pleistocene. Seismic data and GPS measurement indicate that the zone is still very active. The gliding-tectonic-zone extends southeastward, and connects with the Qia-Man transform fault west of the India plate, to the Persian Gulf and the mid-ridge of the Indian Ocean. Generally speaking, the Pamir-Altay Mountain zone is an extension of the Qia-Man transform fault system into the Eurasia continent. The research of this zone with multiple borders will benefit not only the correlative research between Xinjiang and neighboring countries, but also the research of environment and geohazard in the central Asia.
引文
新疆地质矿产局地质研究所与地质矿产部情报研究所,中国新疆周边国家矿产地质特征及成矿规律情报调研报告,1986
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[6] 马宗晋,张家声,汪一鹏.青藏高原三维变形时间的变化--论青藏高原构造变动的非平稳性[A].青藏高原岩石圈现今变动与动力学[C].北京:地震出版社,2001．
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[11] 黄汲清,陈炳蔚.特提斯-喜马拉雅构造域上新世-第四纪磨拉石的形成及其与印度板块活动的关系[A].国际交流地质学术论文集(1) [C].北京:地质出版社,1980．
[12] Tapponnier P, Molnar P. Active faulting and Cenozoic tectonics ofChina[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,1911,82: 2905-2930．
[13] Tapponnier P, Palzer G, Le' Dain A Y, et al. Propagating extrusiontectonics in Asia: New insights from simple experiments withplastictne[J]. Geology, 1982, 10: 611-616．
[14] Avouac J P, Tapponnier P, Bai M, et al. Active thrusting and foldingalong the northern Tien Shan and Late Cenozoic rotation of the Tarimrelative to Dzungeria and Kazakhstan[J]. Journal of GeophysicalResearch, 1993,98: 6755-6804．
[15] England P, Molnar P. The field of crustal velocity in Asia calculatedfrom Quaternary rate of slip on faults [J]. Geophys J Int, 1997,130:551-582．
[1] 柏美祥.阿尔金活动断裂带的运动学与动力学特征[J].新疆地质,1992,10(1) :57-61．
[2] 国家地震局阿尔金活动断裂课题组,阿尔金活动断裂带[M].北京:地震出版社,1993．
[3] 崔军文,唐哲民,邓晋福,等.阿尔金断裂系[M].北京:地质出版社,1999,
[4] 徐新,胡金庆,李雄文.新疆构造体系基本特征及其成生发展历史的初步探讨[A].中国分省构造体系研究文集[C].北京:地质出版社.1985．
[5] 王琪,丁国瑜.乔学军,等.天山地壳快速缩短与南北地块的相对运动[J].科学通报,2000,45(14) :1543-1547．
[6] 马宗晋,张家声,汪一鹏.青藏高原三维变形时间的变化--论青藏高原构造变动的非平稳性[A].青藏高原岩石圈现今变动与动力学[C].北京:地震出版社,2001．
[7] 张全德,张燕平,张鹏,等,新疆地区板内块体近期运动初探[A].现代地壳运动与地球动力学研究[C].北京:地震出版社,2001,63-74．
[8] 张青松,周跃飞,陆祥顺,等.现代青藏高原上升速度问题[J].科学通报,1991,7:529-531．
[9] 傅碧宏,柯坪隆起的新构造运动变形及卫星影像特征研究[J].新疆地质,1995,13(3) :283-290．
[10] 蔡东升,卢华复,贾东,等.塔里木盆地西北缘柯坪造山带变形分析[A],塔里木盆地石油地质研究[C].北京:科学出版社,1996． 131-138．
[11] 黄汲清,陈炳蔚.特提斯-喜马拉雅构造域上新世-第四纪磨拉石的形成及其与印度板块活动的关系[A].国际交流地质学术论文集(1) [C].北京:地质出版社,1980．
[12] Tapponnier P, Molnar P. Active faulting and Cenozoic tectonics ofChina[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,1911,82: 2905-2930．
[13] Tapponnier P, Palzer G, Le' Dain A Y, et al. Propagating extrusiontectonics in Asia: New insights from simple experiments withplastictne[J]. Geology, 1982, 10: 611-616．
[14] Avouac J P, Tapponnier P, Bai M, et al. Active thrusting and foldingalong the northern Tien Shan and Late Cenozoic rotation of the Tarimrelative to Dzungeria and Kazakhstan[J]. Journal of GeophysicalResearch, 1993,98: 6755-6804．
[15] England P, Molnar P. The field of crustal velocity in Asia calculatedfrom Quaternary rate of slip on faults [J]. Geophys J Int, 1997,130:551-582．
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