地震泵抽吸作用与油气运聚成藏物理模拟
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摘要
地震泵抽吸作用是在断裂活动开启过程中,引发流体进入断裂带,并发生垂向运移的作用方式。在裂隙递进扩张形成优势裂隙并进一步发展成大的断裂面的演化过程中,地震泵抽吸作用发生,围岩中的流体在相对负压抽吸作用下进到断裂带中,之后主要在构造应力和异常高孔隙流体压力的共同作用下向上运移,并向着邻近断裂的封闭程度差、体积大、物性好的储层中充注运移,运移效率远远高于达西流和扩散流。断裂周期性破裂活动的特征决定了油气沿断裂的垂向泵吸运移呈周期性、间歇性和脉动的特点,同时也决定了油气易于在断裂错开的最新层位聚集成藏。通过克拉2气田天然气运聚成藏过程物理模拟实验结果表明,紧邻圈闭的盐下断裂为有效的天然气运移通道,穿盐断裂为无效的天然气运移通道,天然气在地震泵抽吸作用下沿断裂运移速度快、效率高,在断裂活动的短时间内可以大规模运聚成藏。
The suction role of seismic pumping can induce fluid flowing into fault zone and further migrating into the fault zone.When micro-fractures develop and become dominant fractures,further form fault,the suction role of seismic pumping occurs.At the same time,fluid inside surrounding rock flows into fault zone as a result of relative negative pressure suction role.Afterward,fluid migrates upwards along fault zone as a result of tectonic stress and abnormal pore pressure,and flows into a reservoir with bad sealing,large volume and good physical property,where migrating efficiency is much higher than that of Darcy flow and diffusion flow.Because of periodically faulting hydrocarbon pumping migration along fault zone is periodic,intermittent and pulsant,and hydrocarbon migration and accumulation often locates the newest strata.The physical simulation results on the process of gas migration and accumulation in Kela 2 gas-field indicate that the fault below salt near trap is effective migrating passage of natural gas,whereas the fault cutting salt is noneffective migrating passage of natural gas.It also indicates that the natural gas migration along fault zone is characterized by high speed and high efficiency under the suction role of seismic pumping,and natural gas can migration and accumulation at large scale in the short time of faulting.
The suction role of seismic pumping can induce fluid flowing into fault zone and further migrating into the fault zone.When micro-fractures develop and become dominant fractures,further form fault,the suction role of seismic pumping occurs.At the same time,fluid inside surrounding rock flows into fault zone as a result of relative negative pressure suction role.Afterward,fluid migrates upwards along fault zone as a result of tectonic stress and abnormal pore pressure,and flows into a reservoir with bad sealing,large volume and good physical property,where migrating efficiency is much higher than that of Darcy flow and diffusion flow.Because of periodically faulting hydrocarbon pumping migration along fault zone is periodic,intermittent and pulsant,and hydrocarbon migration and accumulation often locates the newest strata.The physical simulation results on the process of gas migration and accumulation in Kela 2 gas-field indicate that the fault below salt near trap is effective migrating passage of natural gas,whereas the fault cutting salt is noneffective migrating passage of natural gas.It also indicates that the natural gas migration along fault zone is characterized by high speed and high efficiency under the suction role of seismic pumping,and natural gas can migration and accumulation at large scale in the short time of faulting.
引文
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[2]吴起林,刘安捷.海城、唐山两大地震前后油井生产动态的变化[J].地震学报,1983,5(4):461 465.WU Qi-lin,LIU An-jie.The change of productionperformance of oil-well on fore-and-aft earthquakein Haicheng and Tangshan[J].Acta Seismologica Sini-ca,1983,5(4):461 465.
[3]华保钦.构造应力场、地震泵和油气运移[J].沉积学报,1995,13(2):77 85.HUA Bao-qin.Stress field,seismic pumping and oil-Gas migration[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1995,13(2):77 85.
[4]Scholz C H,Sykes L R,Aggarwal Y P.Earthquakeprediction:a physical basis[J].Science,1973,181:803 810.
[5]Sibson R H,Moore J M,Rankin A H.Seismic pum-ping-a hydrothermal fluid transport mechanism[J].Journal of Geological Society,1975,131:653 659.
[6]Hooper E C D.Fluid migration along growth fault incompacting sediments[J].Journal of Petroleum Geolo-gy,1991,14:161 180.
[7]刘亮明.断裂带中超压流体及其在地震和成矿中的作用[J].地球科学进展,2001,16(2):238 243.LIU Liang-ming.Over pressured fluids in fault zonesand their roles in earthquake and hydrothermal metal-logeny[J].Advance in Earth Sciences,2001,16(2):238 243.
[8]解习农,刘晓峰,赵士宝,等.异常压力环境下流体活动及其油气运移主通道分析[J].地球科学中国地质大学学报,2004,29(5):589 595.XIE Xi-nong,LIU Xiao-feng,ZHAO Shi-bao,et al.Fluid flow and hydrocarbon migration pathways in ab-normally pressured environments[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2004,29(5):589 595.
[9]邱楠生,张善文,金之钧.东营凹陷油气流体运移模式探讨来自沸腾包裹体的证据[J].石油实验地质,2001,23(4):403 406.QIU Nan-sheng,ZHANG Shan-wen,JIN Zhi-jun.Migration models of hydrocarbon fluids in the Dong-ying depression-evidences from boiling fluid inclu-sions[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2001,23(4):403 406.
[10]李明诚.石油与天然气运移研究综述[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(4):3 10.LI Ming-cheng.An overview of hydrocarbon migra-tion research[J].Petroleum Exploration and Deve-lopment,2000,27(4):3 10.
[11]赵伦山,岑况,叶荣.热液流体泵吸上侵管流动力学模拟及其预测意义[J].地学前缘,2000,7(1):205214.ZHAO Lun-shan,CEN Kuang,YE Rong.Dynamicsimulation of the uplifting pipe flow of hydrothermalfluid by tectonic pumping and its prediction signifi-cance[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2000,7(1):205214.
[12]付立新,王东林,肖玉永.伸展断裂作用对油气二次运移的影响[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2000,24(4):71 74.FU Li-xin,WANG Dong-lin,XIAO Yu-yong.Effectof tensional faulting on secondary migration of hydro-carbon[J].Journal of The University of Petroleum,China,2000,24(4):71 74.
[13]陈发景,田世澄.压实与油气运移[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1989.CHEN Fa-jing,TIAN Shi-cheng.Compaction and oilor gas migration[M].Wuhan:China University ofGeosciences Press,1989.
[14]李剑,谢增业,李志生,等.塔里木盆地库车坳陷天然气气源对比[J].石油勘探与开发,2001,28(4):2933.LI Jian,XIE Zeng-ye,LI Zhi-sheng,et al.A gassource study for Kuqa depression of Tarim Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2001,28(4):29 33.
[15]付晓飞,吕延防,孙永河.克拉2气田天然气成藏主控因素分析[J].天然气工业,2004,24(7):9 11.FU Xiao-fei,L Yan-fang,SUN Yong-he.Analy-zing the main control factor of forming Kela 2 gasfield[J].Natural Gas Industry,2004,24(7):9 11.
[16]徐士林,吕修祥,皮学军,等.新疆库车坳陷克拉苏构造带异常高压及其成藏效应[J].现代地质,2002,16(3):282 286.XU Shi-lin,L Xiu-xiang,PI Xue-jun,et al.Abnor-mally high pressure and its effect on reservoir forma-tion of Kelasu tectonic zone in Kuqa depression inXinjiang[J].Geoscience,2002,16(3):282 286.
[17]付晓飞,吕延防,付广,等.库车坳陷北带逆掩断裂在天然气运聚成藏中的作用[J].中国海上油气,2004,16(3):161 165.FU Xiao-fei,L Yan-fang,FU Guang,et al.Theeffects of overthrusts on gas migration and accumula-tion in the north belt of Kuche depression[J].ChinaOffshore Oil and Gas,2004,16(3):161 165.
[18]付晓飞,吕延防,孙永河.库车坳陷北带天然气聚集成藏的关键因素[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(3):22 25.FU Xiao-fei,L Yan-fang,SUN Yong-he.Key fac-tors of gas accumulation in the north belt of KucheDepression[J].Petroleum Exploration and Develop-ment,2004,31(3):22 25.
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