汶川地震灾区儿童归因方式、焦虑感受性与创伤后应激症状的关系
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摘要
目的:考察地震灾区儿童归因方式、焦虑感受性与创伤后应激症状之间的关系。方法:采用儿童归因方式问卷、焦虑感受性问卷和儿童事件影响量表对957名汶川地震灾区儿童进行调查。结果:①PTSD筛查阳性率为19.8%;②小学、初中、高中三个年龄段儿童在闯入性、回避性、高警觉性上存在显著差异;③焦虑感受性三个维度对创伤后应激症状各维度均有显著的预测作用,而归因方式只对闯入性和高警觉性有显著的预测作用。结论:归因方式和焦虑感受性是地震灾区儿童创伤后应激症状的重要认知易感因素。
Objective:To explore the relationship among children's attributional style,anxiety sensitivity and posttraumatic stress symptoms.Methods:Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale(CRIES),Children's Attributional Style Questionnaire(CASQ),and the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3(ASI-3) were used to investigate 957 children who were exposed to Wenchuan earthquake.Results:①The positive incidence was 19.8% after 18 months of the earthquake.②There was a significant difference in the dimensions of the CRIES among elementary school,junior high school and high school,students but there was no significant gender difference.③Three dimensions of ASI-3 were significant predictors on the various dimensions of CRIES,but the explanation amount were considerablly different,while the attribution style could only predict intrusion and arousal dimensions.Conclusion:Attributional style and anxiety sensitivity are important cognitive vulnerabilities to the posttraumatic stress symptoms.
Objective:To explore the relationship among children's attributional style,anxiety sensitivity and posttraumatic stress symptoms.Methods:Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale(CRIES),Children's Attributional Style Questionnaire(CASQ),and the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3(ASI-3) were used to investigate 957 children who were exposed to Wenchuan earthquake.Results:①The positive incidence was 19.8% after 18 months of the earthquake.②There was a significant difference in the dimensions of the CRIES among elementary school,junior high school and high school,students but there was no significant gender difference.③Three dimensions of ASI-3 were significant predictors on the various dimensions of CRIES,but the explanation amount were considerablly different,while the attribution style could only predict intrusion and arousal dimensions.Conclusion:Attributional style and anxiety sensitivity are important cognitive vulnerabilities to the posttraumatic stress symptoms.
引文
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2 Elwood LS,Hahn KS,Olatunji BO,et al.Cognitive vulnera-bilities to the development of PTSD:A review of four vul-nerabilities and the proposal of an integrative vulnerabilitymodel.Clinical Psychology Review,2009,29(1):87-100
3 Alloy LB,Abramson LY,Hogan ME,et al.The Temple-wisconsin cognitive vulnerability to depression project:Life-time history of Axis I psychopathology in individuals at highand low cognitive risk for depression.Journal of AbnormalPsychology,2000,109(3):403-418
4 Zvolensky MJ,Schmidt NB,Bernstein A,et al.Risk-factorresearch and prevention programs for anxiety disorders:Atranslational research framework.Behaviour Research andTherapy,2006,44(9):1219-1239
5王纯,张宁.抑郁的归因理论与归因训练.中国心理卫生杂志,2004,18(6):423-425
6 Abramson LY,Seligman ME,Teasdale JD.Learned helples-sness in humans:Critique and reformulation.Journal of Ab-normal Psychology,1978,87(1):49-74
7 Hankin BL,Abramson LY.Measuring cognitive vulnerabilityto depression in adolescence:Reliability,validity,and gen-der differences.Journal of Clinical Child and AdolescentPsychology,2002,31(4):491-504
8 Gray MJ,Pumphrey JE,Lombardo TW.The relationship be-tween dispositional pessimistic attributional style versustrauma-specific attributions and PTSD symptoms.Journalof Anxiety Disorders,2003,17(3):289-303
9 Reiss S.Expectancy model of fear,anxiety,and panic.Clin-ical Psychology Review,1991,11(2):141-153
10 Taylor S.Anxiety sensitivity and its implications for under-standing and treating PTSD.Journal of Cognitive Psych-otherapy,2003,17(2):179-186
11 Kilic EZ,Kilic C,Yilmaz S.Is anxiety sensitivity a predic-tor of PTSD in children and adolescentsJournal of Psy-chosomatic Research,2008,65(1):81-86
12 Taylor S,Zvolensky MJ,Cox BJ,et al.Robust dimensionsof anxiety sensitivity:Development and initial validation ofthe anxiety sensitivity index-3.Psychological Assessment,2007,19(2):176-188
13 Thompson M,Kaslow NJ,Weiss B,et al.Children’s attri-butional style questionnaire-revised:Psychometric exami-nation.Psychological Assessment,1998,10(2):166-170
14陈纬,王龙,张兴利,等.汶川地震后青少年幸存者PTSD症状的特点及其发展.中国临床心理学杂志,2010,18(1):85-87
15 Williams AD,Moulds ML.Cognitive avoidance of intrusivememories:Recall vantage perspective and associations withdepression.Behaviour Research and Therapy,2007,45(6):1141-1153
16 Roussos A,Goenjian AK,Steinberg AM,et al.Posttraumat-ic stress and depressive reactions among children and ado-lescents after the 1999 earthquake in Ano Liosia,Greece.American Journal of Psychiatry,2005,162(3):530-537
17朱明婧,张兴利,汪艳,等.汶川地震孤儿的创伤后应激障碍和自我意识.中国临床心理学杂志,2010,18(1):73-75
2 Elwood LS,Hahn KS,Olatunji BO,et al.Cognitive vulnera-bilities to the development of PTSD:A review of four vul-nerabilities and the proposal of an integrative vulnerabilitymodel.Clinical Psychology Review,2009,29(1):87-100
3 Alloy LB,Abramson LY,Hogan ME,et al.The Temple-wisconsin cognitive vulnerability to depression project:Life-time history of Axis I psychopathology in individuals at highand low cognitive risk for depression.Journal of AbnormalPsychology,2000,109(3):403-418
4 Zvolensky MJ,Schmidt NB,Bernstein A,et al.Risk-factorresearch and prevention programs for anxiety disorders:Atranslational research framework.Behaviour Research andTherapy,2006,44(9):1219-1239
5王纯,张宁.抑郁的归因理论与归因训练.中国心理卫生杂志,2004,18(6):423-425
6 Abramson LY,Seligman ME,Teasdale JD.Learned helples-sness in humans:Critique and reformulation.Journal of Ab-normal Psychology,1978,87(1):49-74
7 Hankin BL,Abramson LY.Measuring cognitive vulnerabilityto depression in adolescence:Reliability,validity,and gen-der differences.Journal of Clinical Child and AdolescentPsychology,2002,31(4):491-504
8 Gray MJ,Pumphrey JE,Lombardo TW.The relationship be-tween dispositional pessimistic attributional style versustrauma-specific attributions and PTSD symptoms.Journalof Anxiety Disorders,2003,17(3):289-303
9 Reiss S.Expectancy model of fear,anxiety,and panic.Clin-ical Psychology Review,1991,11(2):141-153
10 Taylor S.Anxiety sensitivity and its implications for under-standing and treating PTSD.Journal of Cognitive Psych-otherapy,2003,17(2):179-186
11 Kilic EZ,Kilic C,Yilmaz S.Is anxiety sensitivity a predic-tor of PTSD in children and adolescentsJournal of Psy-chosomatic Research,2008,65(1):81-86
12 Taylor S,Zvolensky MJ,Cox BJ,et al.Robust dimensionsof anxiety sensitivity:Development and initial validation ofthe anxiety sensitivity index-3.Psychological Assessment,2007,19(2):176-188
13 Thompson M,Kaslow NJ,Weiss B,et al.Children’s attri-butional style questionnaire-revised:Psychometric exami-nation.Psychological Assessment,1998,10(2):166-170
14陈纬,王龙,张兴利,等.汶川地震后青少年幸存者PTSD症状的特点及其发展.中国临床心理学杂志,2010,18(1):85-87
15 Williams AD,Moulds ML.Cognitive avoidance of intrusivememories:Recall vantage perspective and associations withdepression.Behaviour Research and Therapy,2007,45(6):1141-1153
16 Roussos A,Goenjian AK,Steinberg AM,et al.Posttraumat-ic stress and depressive reactions among children and ado-lescents after the 1999 earthquake in Ano Liosia,Greece.American Journal of Psychiatry,2005,162(3):530-537
17朱明婧,张兴利,汪艳,等.汶川地震孤儿的创伤后应激障碍和自我意识.中国临床心理学杂志,2010,18(1):73-75
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