汶川地震重灾区青少年创伤后应激障碍及其相关因素
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摘要
目的:了解四川绵竹地区青少年创伤后应激障碍的筛出率及其相关因素。方法:在汶川大地震后3个月,随机整群抽样调查绵竹地区587名中学生。使用自编的创伤暴露基本情况问卷和LosAngeles症状核查表青少年版筛查创伤后应激障碍的现患率。结果:绵竹地区青少年创伤后应激障碍的检出率有4.3%,而且存在明显的性别差异。分层回归分析发现,性别、创伤暴露严重程度(是否目睹或接触尸体、是否目睹死亡和恐惧程度)能够显著预测创伤后应激障碍。结论:对灾区青少年进行创伤后应激障碍的心理辅导和干预时,要对女性以及目睹过死亡和感受到强烈恐惧感的青少年给予特殊关注和干预。
Objective: To understand the prevalence of PTSD of adolescents in Mianzhu, Sichuan and to explore the factors associated with PTSD. Methods: 587 high-school students, aged 17.28 on average, were randomly sampled three months after the earthquake happened. The instrument used to investigate the prevalence of PTSD of adolescents in Mianzhu, Sichuan was the Los Angeles Symptom Checklist. Results: The prevalence of PTSD of adolescents in Mianzhu, Sichuan was 4.3%. There was a great gender difference of PTSD. According to stepwise regression, gender, severity of trauma exposure (experiencing seeing others’ corpse and death) and feeling severity of fear could significantly explain 13.8% of PTSD. Conclusion: Adolescents in Mianzhu of Sichuan, female or those experienced others’ corpse, death or having fear emotion, need specific intervention.
Objective: To understand the prevalence of PTSD of adolescents in Mianzhu, Sichuan and to explore the factors associated with PTSD. Methods: 587 high-school students, aged 17.28 on average, were randomly sampled three months after the earthquake happened. The instrument used to investigate the prevalence of PTSD of adolescents in Mianzhu, Sichuan was the Los Angeles Symptom Checklist. Results: The prevalence of PTSD of adolescents in Mianzhu, Sichuan was 4.3%. There was a great gender difference of PTSD. According to stepwise regression, gender, severity of trauma exposure (experiencing seeing others’ corpse and death) and feeling severity of fear could significantly explain 13.8% of PTSD. Conclusion: Adolescents in Mianzhu of Sichuan, female or those experienced others’ corpse, death or having fear emotion, need specific intervention.
引文
1Kilpatrick DG,Ruggiero KJ,Acierno R,Saunders BE,et al.Violence and risk of PTSD,major depression,substance abuse/dependence,and comorbidity:Results from the nat-ional survey of adolescents.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,2003,71(4):692-700
2Chou FHC,Wu HC,Chou P,Su CY,et al.Epidemiologic psychiatric studies on post-disaster impact among chi-chi earthquake survivors in yu-chi,Taiwan.Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences,2007,61:370-378
3Goenjian AK,Steinberg AM,Najarian LM,Fairbanks LA,et al.Prospective study of posttraumatic stress,anxiety,and depressive reactions after earthquake and political violence.American Journal of Psychiatry,2000,157:911-916
4Perrin S,Smith P,Yule W.Practitioner review:The assess-ment and treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents.Journal of Child Psychology Psy-chiatry,2000,41(3):277-289
5Bal A.Post-traumatic stress disorder in Turkish child and adolescent survivors three years after the marmara earth-quake.Child and Adolescent Mental Health,2008,3(13):134-139
6赵丞智,李俊福,王明山,范启亮.地震后17个月受灾青少年PTSD及其相关因素.中国心理卫生杂志,2001,15(3):145-147
7张本,张凤阁,王丽萍.30年后唐山地震所致孤儿创伤后应激障碍现患率调查.中国心理卫生杂志,2008,22(6):469-473
8Neuner F,Schauer E,Catani C,Ruf M,Elbert T.Post-tsunami stress:A study of posttraumatic stress disorder in children living in three severely affected regions in sri lanka.Journal of Traumatic Stress,2006,19(3):339-347
9Udwin O,Boyle S,Yule W,Bolton D,O’Ryan D.Risk factors for long-term psychological effects of a disaster experienced in adolescence:Predictors of post traumatic stress disorder.Journal of Child Psychology Ppsychiatry,2000,8:969-979
10King LA,King DW,Leskin G,Foy DW.The los angeles symptom checklist:A self-report measure of posttraumatic stress disorder.Assessment,1995,2:1-17
11Megan BS.The effects of exposure to community violence on Khmer Refugee adolescents.Journal of Traumatic Stress,1999,12:455-471
12Chadda RK,Malhotra A,Kaw N,Singh J,Sethi H.Mental health problems following the2005earthquake in Kashmir:Findings of community-run clinics.Prehospital and Disaster Medicine,2007,22(6):541-545
13Dyregrov A,Yule W.A review of PTSD in children.Child and Adolescent Mental Health,2006,11:176-184
14汪向东,赵丞智,新福尚隆,张富,等.地震后创伤性应激障碍的发生率及影响因素.中国心理卫生杂志,1999,13(1):28-30
15吴坎坎,张雨青,Peter TZC.灾后民众创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)与事件冲击量表(IES)的发展与应用.心理科学进展,2009,17(3):495-498
2Chou FHC,Wu HC,Chou P,Su CY,et al.Epidemiologic psychiatric studies on post-disaster impact among chi-chi earthquake survivors in yu-chi,Taiwan.Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences,2007,61:370-378
3Goenjian AK,Steinberg AM,Najarian LM,Fairbanks LA,et al.Prospective study of posttraumatic stress,anxiety,and depressive reactions after earthquake and political violence.American Journal of Psychiatry,2000,157:911-916
4Perrin S,Smith P,Yule W.Practitioner review:The assess-ment and treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents.Journal of Child Psychology Psy-chiatry,2000,41(3):277-289
5Bal A.Post-traumatic stress disorder in Turkish child and adolescent survivors three years after the marmara earth-quake.Child and Adolescent Mental Health,2008,3(13):134-139
6赵丞智,李俊福,王明山,范启亮.地震后17个月受灾青少年PTSD及其相关因素.中国心理卫生杂志,2001,15(3):145-147
7张本,张凤阁,王丽萍.30年后唐山地震所致孤儿创伤后应激障碍现患率调查.中国心理卫生杂志,2008,22(6):469-473
8Neuner F,Schauer E,Catani C,Ruf M,Elbert T.Post-tsunami stress:A study of posttraumatic stress disorder in children living in three severely affected regions in sri lanka.Journal of Traumatic Stress,2006,19(3):339-347
9Udwin O,Boyle S,Yule W,Bolton D,O’Ryan D.Risk factors for long-term psychological effects of a disaster experienced in adolescence:Predictors of post traumatic stress disorder.Journal of Child Psychology Ppsychiatry,2000,8:969-979
10King LA,King DW,Leskin G,Foy DW.The los angeles symptom checklist:A self-report measure of posttraumatic stress disorder.Assessment,1995,2:1-17
11Megan BS.The effects of exposure to community violence on Khmer Refugee adolescents.Journal of Traumatic Stress,1999,12:455-471
12Chadda RK,Malhotra A,Kaw N,Singh J,Sethi H.Mental health problems following the2005earthquake in Kashmir:Findings of community-run clinics.Prehospital and Disaster Medicine,2007,22(6):541-545
13Dyregrov A,Yule W.A review of PTSD in children.Child and Adolescent Mental Health,2006,11:176-184
14汪向东,赵丞智,新福尚隆,张富,等.地震后创伤性应激障碍的发生率及影响因素.中国心理卫生杂志,1999,13(1):28-30
15吴坎坎,张雨青,Peter TZC.灾后民众创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)与事件冲击量表(IES)的发展与应用.心理科学进展,2009,17(3):495-498
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