1000kV特高压交流输电电磁暴露:成年人与未成年人的对比研究
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摘要
建立成年人和未成年人的人体模型,采用Comsol仿真软件分别计算分析特高压交流输电线路对成年人和未成年人产生的磁场效应,并对结果进行对比。结果表明,成年人和未成年人有相似的磁感应强度分布规律,人体磁感应强度和外围空气的分布一样,都呈圆弧形分布。就特高压输电线路在头部产生的磁感应强度大小来说,成年人比未成年人大。就产生的感应电场强度而言,最大值出现在头皮最上方位置,分别是0.251 m V/m和0.163 m V/m。将计算结果与国际非电离辐射防护委员会(International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, ICNIRP)制定的导则限值相比较,结果表明,磁感应强度的大小无论是对专业人员还是对于普通民众均在ICNIRP导则限值范围之内。特高压输电线路所产生的电磁暴露对成年人和未成年人都是安全的。
Human body models of adults and minors were established, and Comsol simulation software was used to calculate and analyze the magnetic field effects of ultra-high voltage(UHV) AC transmission lines on adults and minors. Calculation results were compared with the guidelines established by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection(ICNIRP). The results showed similar circular-shaped distributions of magnetic induction intensity in the bodies of both adults and minors as well as in the surrounding air. The magnitude of the magnetic induction intensity generated by the UHV transmission lines on the head was greater for adults than for minors. In terms of the induced electric field strength, the maximum value presented at the top of the scalp, with values of 0.251 and 0.163 m V/m for adults and minors, respectively. Comparison of the calculation results with the ICNIRP guidelines demonstrates that the magnitude of the magnetic induction intensity is within the limits of the ICNIRP guidelines for both occupational and general public exposure. Electromagnetic exposure from UHV transmission lines is safe for adults and minors.
Human body models of adults and minors were established, and Comsol simulation software was used to calculate and analyze the magnetic field effects of ultra-high voltage(UHV) AC transmission lines on adults and minors. Calculation results were compared with the guidelines established by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection(ICNIRP). The results showed similar circular-shaped distributions of magnetic induction intensity in the bodies of both adults and minors as well as in the surrounding air. The magnitude of the magnetic induction intensity generated by the UHV transmission lines on the head was greater for adults than for minors. In terms of the induced electric field strength, the maximum value presented at the top of the scalp, with values of 0.251 and 0.163 m V/m for adults and minors, respectively. Comparison of the calculation results with the ICNIRP guidelines demonstrates that the magnitude of the magnetic induction intensity is within the limits of the ICNIRP guidelines for both occupational and general public exposure. Electromagnetic exposure from UHV transmission lines is safe for adults and minors.
引文
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13孟絮絮,孙志远,马竞,等.不同输电结构特高压交流输电线路电磁环境研究[J].安徽电力,2018,35(2):13-16+28.MENG Xuxu,SUN Zhiyuan,MA Jing,et al.Research on electromagnetic environment of UHV ACtransmission lines with different transmission structures[J].Anhui Electric Power,2018,35(2):13-16+28.
14王瑜.特高压交流输电线路的电磁环境研究[D].南京:东南大学,2016:14-27.WANG Yu.Study on electromagnetic dnvironment of ultra-high voltage AC transmission lines[D].Nanjing:Southeast University,2016:14-27.
15陈博栋,逯迈,陈小强,等.特高压交流输电线路对人体电场效应的对比分析[J].辐射研究与辐射工艺学报,2014,32(6):060501.DOI:10.11889/j.1000-3436.2014.rrj.32.060501.CHEN Bodong,LU Mai,CHEN Xiaoqiang,et al.Comparative analysis of electric field effects on the human body induced by ultra high voltage ACtransmission line[J].Journal of Radiation Research and Radiation Processing,2014,32(6):060501.DOI:10.11889/j.1000-3436.2014.rrj.32.060501.
16张利航,逯迈,陈小强,等.带弧垂特高压交流输电线路的电磁剂量学分析[J].辐射研究与辐射工艺学报,2016,34(5):050501.DOI:10.11889/j.1000-3436.2016.rrj.34.050501.ZHANG Lihang,LU Mai,CHEN Xiaoqiang,et al.Analysis of electromagnetic dosimetry by ultra high voltage AC transmission line with belt sag[J].Journal of Radiation Research and Radiation Processing,2016,34(5):050501.DOI:10.11889/j.1000-3436.2016.rrj.34.050501.
17叶艳峰,逯迈,陈小强.典型特高压交流输电线路电磁暴露安全评估的比较[J].辐射研究与辐射工艺学报,2017,35(6):060601.DOI:10.11889/j.1000-3436.2017.rrj.35.060601.YE Yanfeng,LU Mai,CHEN Xiaoqiang.Comparative study on safety assessment of electromagnetic exposure of typical ultra high voltage AC transmission lines[J].Journal of Radiation Research and Radiation Processing,2017,35(6):060601.DOI:10.11889/j.1000-3436.2017.rrj.35.060601.
18 Liang Z G,Hui Y.Calculation of human body suffered electric field under ultra high voltage overhead lines[J].IEEE Conference Publications,2011:1-4.DOI:10.1109/APPEEC.2011.5748904.
19王青于,杨熙,廖晋陶,等.特高压变电站人体工频电场暴露水平评估[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(24):4187-4194.DOI:10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.2014.24.024.WANG Qingyu,YANG Xi,LIAO Jintao,et al.Evaluation of human exposure to power frequency electric fields induced by UHV substation[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(24):4187-4194.DOI:10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.2014.24.024.
20 International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection(ICNIRP).Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric and magnetic fields(1 Hz to 100 kHz)[J].Health Physics,2010,99(6):818-836.DOI:10.1097/HP.0b013e3181f06c86.
21 Rush S,Driscoll D A.Current distribution in the brain from surface electrodes[J].Anesthesia and Analgesia,1968,47(6):717-723.
22中国国家标准化管理委员会.中国未成年人人体尺寸:GB/T 26158-2010[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2011.Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.Human dimensions of Chinese minors:GB/T26158-2010[S].Beijing:China Standard Press,2011.
23 Gabriel S,Lau R W,Gabriel C.The dielectric properties of biological tissues:III.Parametric models for the dielectric spectrum of tissues[J].Physics in Medicine and Biology,1996,41(11):2271-2293.DOI:10.1088/0031-9155/41/11/003.
24张家利,姜震,王德忠.高压架空输电线下工频电场的数学模型[J].高电压技术,2001,27(6):20-22.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6520.2001.06.009.ZHANG Jiali,JIANG Zhen,WANG Dezhong.Mathematical model of the power frequency electric field under high voltage overhead line[J].High Voltage Engineering,2001,27(6):20-22.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6520.2001.06.009.
2 Feychting M,Floderus B,Ahlbom A.Parental occupational exposure to magnetic fields and childhood cancer(Sweden)[J].Cancer Causes Control,2000,11(2):151-156.DOI:10.1023/A:1008922016813.
3 Davis S,Mirick D K,Stevens R G.Residential magnetic fields and the risk of breast cancer[J].American Journal of Epidemiology,2002,155(5):446-454.
4包家立.极低频电磁场的健康效应[J].高电压技术,2015,41(8):2550-2561.DOI:10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.2015.08.008BAO Jiali.Health effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(8):2550-2561.DOI:10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.2015.08.008.
5郭庶,彭晓武,刘芸,等.极低频电磁场和射频电磁辐射对人体健康影响的研究进展[J].环境与健康杂志,2011,28(5):463-466.DOI:10.16241/j.cnki.1001-5914.2011.05.022.GUO Shu,PENG Xiaowu,LIU Yun,et al.Human health effects of radio frequency and extremely low frequency electromagnetic radiation:a review of recent studies[J].Journal of Environment and Health,2011,28(5):463466.DOI:10.16241/j.cnki.1001-5914.2011.05.022.
6王桠男,梅勇.工频电磁辐射对小学生健康指标的影响研究[D].武汉:武汉科技大学,2014.WANG Yanan,MEI Yong.Study on the influences of power frequency electromagnetic field on pupil’s health indicators[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Science and Technology,2014.
7 Lu M,Shoogo U.Comparison specific absorption rate induced in brain tissue of a child and an adult mobilephone[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2012,111(7):07B311.DOI:10.1063/1.3672854.
8徐倩,曹毅.极低频电磁场与儿童白血病关系的研究进展[J].中国辐射卫生,2009,18(2):243-245.XU Qian,CAO Yi.The research progress of relationship between extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields and childhood leukaemia[J].China Radiate Health,2009,18(2):243-245.
9彭迎,阮江军.模拟电荷法计算特高压架空线路3维工频电场[J].高电压技术.2006,32(12):69-74.PENG Ying,RUAN Jiangjun.Calculation of threedimensional harmonic electric field around ultra high voltage overhead line based on the charge simulation method[J].High Voltage Engineering,2006,32(12):69-74.
10肖冬萍,何为,张占龙,等.特高压输电线工频磁场三维优化模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(12):116-120.XIAO Dongping,HE Wei,ZHANG Zhanlong,et al.Three-dimension optimization model for power frequency magnetic field of UHV transmission lines[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2009,29(12):116-120.
11兰生,张振兴,原永滨.考虑弧垂的交流特高压输电线三维电磁场[J].电机与控制学报,2012,16(12):42-46.LAN Sheng,ZHANG Zhenxing,YUAN Yongbin.The3D electromagnetic field of AC EHV transmission lines with sag[J].Electric Machines and Control,2012,16(12):42-46.
12黄韬,吕建红,文远芳,等.基于矩量法的输电线路工频电磁场实测与计算分析[J].高压电器.2013,49(2):30-36.HUANG Tao,LYU Jianhong,WEN Yuanfang,et al.Calculation of power frequency electromagnetic field around transmission line based on moment method[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2013,49(2):30-36.
13孟絮絮,孙志远,马竞,等.不同输电结构特高压交流输电线路电磁环境研究[J].安徽电力,2018,35(2):13-16+28.MENG Xuxu,SUN Zhiyuan,MA Jing,et al.Research on electromagnetic environment of UHV ACtransmission lines with different transmission structures[J].Anhui Electric Power,2018,35(2):13-16+28.
14王瑜.特高压交流输电线路的电磁环境研究[D].南京:东南大学,2016:14-27.WANG Yu.Study on electromagnetic dnvironment of ultra-high voltage AC transmission lines[D].Nanjing:Southeast University,2016:14-27.
15陈博栋,逯迈,陈小强,等.特高压交流输电线路对人体电场效应的对比分析[J].辐射研究与辐射工艺学报,2014,32(6):060501.DOI:10.11889/j.1000-3436.2014.rrj.32.060501.CHEN Bodong,LU Mai,CHEN Xiaoqiang,et al.Comparative analysis of electric field effects on the human body induced by ultra high voltage ACtransmission line[J].Journal of Radiation Research and Radiation Processing,2014,32(6):060501.DOI:10.11889/j.1000-3436.2014.rrj.32.060501.
16张利航,逯迈,陈小强,等.带弧垂特高压交流输电线路的电磁剂量学分析[J].辐射研究与辐射工艺学报,2016,34(5):050501.DOI:10.11889/j.1000-3436.2016.rrj.34.050501.ZHANG Lihang,LU Mai,CHEN Xiaoqiang,et al.Analysis of electromagnetic dosimetry by ultra high voltage AC transmission line with belt sag[J].Journal of Radiation Research and Radiation Processing,2016,34(5):050501.DOI:10.11889/j.1000-3436.2016.rrj.34.050501.
17叶艳峰,逯迈,陈小强.典型特高压交流输电线路电磁暴露安全评估的比较[J].辐射研究与辐射工艺学报,2017,35(6):060601.DOI:10.11889/j.1000-3436.2017.rrj.35.060601.YE Yanfeng,LU Mai,CHEN Xiaoqiang.Comparative study on safety assessment of electromagnetic exposure of typical ultra high voltage AC transmission lines[J].Journal of Radiation Research and Radiation Processing,2017,35(6):060601.DOI:10.11889/j.1000-3436.2017.rrj.35.060601.
18 Liang Z G,Hui Y.Calculation of human body suffered electric field under ultra high voltage overhead lines[J].IEEE Conference Publications,2011:1-4.DOI:10.1109/APPEEC.2011.5748904.
19王青于,杨熙,廖晋陶,等.特高压变电站人体工频电场暴露水平评估[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(24):4187-4194.DOI:10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.2014.24.024.WANG Qingyu,YANG Xi,LIAO Jintao,et al.Evaluation of human exposure to power frequency electric fields induced by UHV substation[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(24):4187-4194.DOI:10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.2014.24.024.
20 International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection(ICNIRP).Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric and magnetic fields(1 Hz to 100 kHz)[J].Health Physics,2010,99(6):818-836.DOI:10.1097/HP.0b013e3181f06c86.
21 Rush S,Driscoll D A.Current distribution in the brain from surface electrodes[J].Anesthesia and Analgesia,1968,47(6):717-723.
22中国国家标准化管理委员会.中国未成年人人体尺寸:GB/T 26158-2010[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2011.Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.Human dimensions of Chinese minors:GB/T26158-2010[S].Beijing:China Standard Press,2011.
23 Gabriel S,Lau R W,Gabriel C.The dielectric properties of biological tissues:III.Parametric models for the dielectric spectrum of tissues[J].Physics in Medicine and Biology,1996,41(11):2271-2293.DOI:10.1088/0031-9155/41/11/003.
24张家利,姜震,王德忠.高压架空输电线下工频电场的数学模型[J].高电压技术,2001,27(6):20-22.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6520.2001.06.009.ZHANG Jiali,JIANG Zhen,WANG Dezhong.Mathematical model of the power frequency electric field under high voltage overhead line[J].High Voltage Engineering,2001,27(6):20-22.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6520.2001.06.009.