中国东部近海现代沉积环境
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摘要
东海近岸海域岛屿、入海河流众多,大量陆源物质随沿岸流自长江口向东迁移,是海陆相互作用最为强烈的区域之一。对2016和2017年夏季采集的570个东海近岸表层沉积物样品进行了沉积物物理化学性质、粒度特征、有机质含量等测试分析。结果表明,这些特征参数明显受区域沉积环境的控制。杭州湾区域沉积物偏弱碱性,氧化还原电位(Eh)<0,有机质含量北部偏高,沉积物组成以黏土质粉砂为主,抗剪强度较低(普遍<0.5kpa),各指标无明显分布规律,相关性较强。浙江东部沿海区域沉积物近中性至弱酸性,Eh较高(>0),Eh与pH自陆向海降低,象山港、乐清湾海域有机质含量较高;舟山至台州海域以粉砂为主,台州以南分布斑块状泥质区,抗剪强度比杭州湾区域偏高,各指标无明显相关性。整体来看,杭州湾与浙江东部沿海属于两个完全不同的沉积环境体系,主要是因杭州湾物质来源较为稳定,区域水动力较强,导致沉积物分布相对均一;而浙江东部海域河流、岛屿较多,各个区域物质来源和水动力环境都存在较大差异。
Abundant islands and rivers occur in the waters off Zhejiang coast of East China.Huge amount of terrestrial materials carried by the Yangtze River moves to the east by coastal current.It is an area with the most intense land-sea interaction.In the summers of 2016 and 2017,570 surface sediment samples were collected from the East China Sea,and physical and chemical properties,grain size distributions and organic matter contents of sediments were tested.Results show that sediments in Hangzhou Bay are dominated by clayey silt with high pH(>7),low Eh(<0)and low shear strength(<0.5 kPa).The content of organic matters is higher in the north rather than in other regions.Generally,no obvious distribution pattern is observed for those parameters,but they are significant correlated.In the east coast of Zhejiang,for example,the sediments are dominated by silt in the north(Zhoushan-Taizhou),but by mud in the south(Taizhou-Wenzhou).Both pH and Eh are decreasing seaward.Higher content of organic matters have been found in the Xiang-shan Port and Yue-qing Bay.However,there is no significant correlation between different parameters.Therefore,the sedimentary environment of Hangzhou Bay and the eastern Zhejiang coastal area is obviously different.In Hangzhou Bay,the sediment distribution is more regular due to the rather stable sources and strong hydrodynamic environment.However,the sediment sources and hydrodynamic environment vary significantly due to widely distributed islands and rivers to the east coast of Zhejiang.
Abundant islands and rivers occur in the waters off Zhejiang coast of East China.Huge amount of terrestrial materials carried by the Yangtze River moves to the east by coastal current.It is an area with the most intense land-sea interaction.In the summers of 2016 and 2017,570 surface sediment samples were collected from the East China Sea,and physical and chemical properties,grain size distributions and organic matter contents of sediments were tested.Results show that sediments in Hangzhou Bay are dominated by clayey silt with high pH(>7),low Eh(<0)and low shear strength(<0.5 kPa).The content of organic matters is higher in the north rather than in other regions.Generally,no obvious distribution pattern is observed for those parameters,but they are significant correlated.In the east coast of Zhejiang,for example,the sediments are dominated by silt in the north(Zhoushan-Taizhou),but by mud in the south(Taizhou-Wenzhou).Both pH and Eh are decreasing seaward.Higher content of organic matters have been found in the Xiang-shan Port and Yue-qing Bay.However,there is no significant correlation between different parameters.Therefore,the sedimentary environment of Hangzhou Bay and the eastern Zhejiang coastal area is obviously different.In Hangzhou Bay,the sediment distribution is more regular due to the rather stable sources and strong hydrodynamic environment.However,the sediment sources and hydrodynamic environment vary significantly due to widely distributed islands and rivers to the east coast of Zhejiang.
引文
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[21]Zhu C,Xue B,Pan J,et al.The dispersal of sedimentary terrestrial organic matter in the East China Sea(ECS)as revealed by biomarkers and hydro-chemical characteristics[J].Organic Geochemistry,2008,39(8):952-957.
[22]袁代亮,何青,王宪业,等.长江口潮滩沉积物抗剪强度分析[J].泥沙研究,2013,(2):9-15.[YUAN Dailiang,HE Qing,WANG Xianye,et al.Shear strength of sediment on tidal flat in Yangtze River Estuary[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2013,(2):9-15.]
[23]黄广.长江口、杭州湾水沙交换与输移特征研究[D].华东师范大学,2007.[HUANG Guang.Study on the characteristics of changjiang estuary and hangzhou bay water sediment exchange and transport[D].East China Normal University,2007.]
[2]黄龙,张志繤,耿威,等.闽浙沿岸东部海域表层沉积物粒度特征及其沉积环境[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2014,34(6):161-169.[HUANG Long,ZHANG Zhixun,GENG Wei,et al.Grain size of surface sediments in the eastern min-zhe coast:an indicator of sedimentary environments[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2014,34(6):161-169.]
[3]段晓勇,印萍,刘金庆,等.滦河口表层沉积物中重金属和多环芳烃的分布、来源及风险评估[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(4):1198-1206.[DUAN Xiaoyong,YIN Ping,LIU Jinqing,et al.Heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments of Luan River estuary:distributions,sources and ecological risk assessments[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(4):1198-1206.]
[4]刘珊珊,张勇,龚淑云,等.长江三角洲经济区海域沉积物重金属分布特征及环境质量评价[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2013,33(5):63-71.[LIU Shanshan,ZHANG Yong,GONGShuyun,et al.Distribution pattern of heavy metals in the surface sediments and environment quality evaluation for the Yangtze river deltaic economic zone[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2013,33(5):63-71.]
[5]周庆海.为助推我国海洋事业健康发展提供科学依据---908专项阶段性工作总结[J].海洋开发与管理,2010,27(6):3-5.[ZHOU Qinghai.To provide scientific basis for the healthy development of Marine industry in China-A summary of 908special periodical work[J].Ocean Development and Management,2010,27(6):3-5]
[6]国家海洋局,中国海洋环境质量公报[R],2002-2016.http://www.soa.gov.cn/zwgk/hygb/.
[7]Qiao S,Shi X,Wang G,et al.Sediment accumulation and budget in the Bohai Sea,Yellow Sea and East China Sea[J].Marine Geology,2017,390:270-281.
[8]Xu K,Milliman J D.Seasonal variations of sediment discharge from the Yangtze River before and after impoundment of the Three Gorges Dam[J].Geomorphology,2009,104(3):276-283.
[9]乔璐璐,王震,刘世东,等.从陆架海到西太平洋:黄、东海悬浮体跨陆架输运通道与机制[J].地学前缘,2017,24(4):134-140.[QIAO Lulu,WANG Zhen,LIU Shidong,et al.From continental shelf seas to the western Pacific:the path and mechanism of cross-shelf suspended sediment transport in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2017,24(4):134-140.]
[10]Yang S L,Zhang J,Zhu J,et al.Impact of dams on Yangtze River sediment supply to the sea and delta intertidal wetland response[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Earth Surface,2005,110,F03006.
[11]Yang S L,Milliman J D,Li P,et al.50,000dams later:E-rosion of the Yangtze River and its delta[J].Global&Planetary Change,2011,75(1):14-20.
[12]Wang H,Dai M,Liu J,et al.Eutrophication-Driven Hypoxia in the East China Sea off the Changjiang Estuary[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2016,50(5):2255.
[13]Li Y,Duan X.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments of China Sea[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research,2015,22(20):15432.
[14]中国地质调查局,DD2012-06:海岸带环境地质调查规范(1:100000)[S],http://geocloud.cgs.gov.cn/[China Geological Survey,DD2012-06:Standard of coastal zone environmental geology survey(1:100000).]
[15]张剑,李日辉,王中波,等.渤海东部与黄海北部表层沉积物的粒度特征及其沉积环境[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2016,36(5):1-12.[ZHANG Jian,LI Rihui,WANG Zhongbo,et al.Grain size characteristics of surface sediments in the east bohai sea and the northern yellow sea and their implications for environments[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2016,36(5):1-12.]
[16]张媛媛,贺行良,孙书文,等.元素分析仪-同位素比值质谱仪测定海洋沉积物有机碳稳定同位素方法初探[J].岩矿测试,2012,31(4):627-631.[ZHANG Yuanyuan,HE XingLiang,SUN Shuwen,et al.A Preliminary Study on the Determination of Organic Carbon Stable Isotope of Marine Sediment by Element Analyzer-Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer[J].Rock&Mineral Analysis,2012,31(4):627-631.]
[17]陈立雷,张媛媛,贺行良,等.海洋沉积物有机碳和稳定氮同位素分析的前处理影响[J].沉积学报,2014,32(6):1046-1051.[CHEN Lilei,ZHANG Yuanyuan,HE Xingliang,et al.The research on sample-pretreatment of organic carbon and stable nitrogen isotopes in marine sediments[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2014,32(6):1046-1051.]
[18]吴金浩,刘桂英,王年斌,等.辽东湾北部海域表层沉积物氧化还原电位及其主要影响因素[J].沉积学报,2012,30(2):333-339.[WU Jinhao,LIU Guiying,WANG Nianbin,et al.The Eh in surface sediments in the northern of Liaodong Bay and its main influencing factors[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2012,30(2):333-339.]
[19]Yang H F,Yang S L,Xu K H,et al.Human impacts on sediment in the Yangtze River:A review and new perspectives[J].Global&Planetary Change,2018,162:8-17.
[20]晁海娟,高建华,贾建军,等.长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物的有机质物源变化分析[J].海洋环境科学,2017,36(2):237-242.[CHAO Haijuan,GAO Jianhua,JIA Jianjun,et al.Change of organic matter sources in surface sediments over Changjiang estuary and its adjacent waters[J].Marine Environmental Science,2017,36(2):237-242.]
[21]Zhu C,Xue B,Pan J,et al.The dispersal of sedimentary terrestrial organic matter in the East China Sea(ECS)as revealed by biomarkers and hydro-chemical characteristics[J].Organic Geochemistry,2008,39(8):952-957.
[22]袁代亮,何青,王宪业,等.长江口潮滩沉积物抗剪强度分析[J].泥沙研究,2013,(2):9-15.[YUAN Dailiang,HE Qing,WANG Xianye,et al.Shear strength of sediment on tidal flat in Yangtze River Estuary[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2013,(2):9-15.]
[23]黄广.长江口、杭州湾水沙交换与输移特征研究[D].华东师范大学,2007.[HUANG Guang.Study on the characteristics of changjiang estuary and hangzhou bay water sediment exchange and transport[D].East China Normal University,2007.]
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