Current Model Analysis of South China Sea Based on Empirical Orthogonal Function(EOF) Decomposition and Prototype Monitoring Data
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摘要
Environmental load is the primary factor in the design of offshore engineering structures and ocean current is the principal environmental load that causes underwater structural failure. In computational analysis, the calculation of current load is mainly based on the current profile. The current profile model, which is based on a structural failure criterion, is conducive to decreasing the uncertainty of the current load. In this study, we used prototype monitoring data and the empirical orthogonal function(EOF) method to investigate the current profile in the South China Sea and its correlation with the design of underwater structural strength and the dynamic design of fatigue. The underwater structural strength design takes into account the size of the structure and the service water depth. We propose profiles for the overall and local designs using the inverse first-order reliability method(IFORM). We extracted the characteristic profile current(CPC) of the monitored sea area to solve dynamic design problems such as vortex-induced vibration(VIV). We used random sampling to verify the feasibility of using the EOF method to calculate the CPC from the current data and identified the main problems associated with using the CPC, which deserve close attention in VIV design. Our research conclusions provide direct references for determining current load in this sea area. This analysis method can also be used in the analysis of other sea areas or field variables.
Environmental load is the primary factor in the design of offshore engineering structures and ocean current is the principal environmental load that causes underwater structural failure. In computational analysis, the calculation of current load is mainly based on the current profile. The current profile model, which is based on a structural failure criterion, is conducive to decreasing the uncertainty of the current load. In this study, we used prototype monitoring data and the empirical orthogonal function(EOF) method to investigate the current profile in the South China Sea and its correlation with the design of underwater structural strength and the dynamic design of fatigue. The underwater structural strength design takes into account the size of the structure and the service water depth. We propose profiles for the overall and local designs using the inverse first-order reliability method(IFORM). We extracted the characteristic profile current(CPC) of the monitored sea area to solve dynamic design problems such as vortex-induced vibration(VIV). We used random sampling to verify the feasibility of using the EOF method to calculate the CPC from the current data and identified the main problems associated with using the CPC, which deserve close attention in VIV design. Our research conclusions provide direct references for determining current load in this sea area. This analysis method can also be used in the analysis of other sea areas or field variables.
Environmental load is the primary factor in the design of offshore engineering structures and ocean current is the principal environmental load that causes underwater structural failure. In computational analysis, the calculation of current load is mainly based on the current profile. The current profile model, which is based on a structural failure criterion, is conducive to decreasing the uncertainty of the current load. In this study, we used prototype monitoring data and the empirical orthogonal function(EOF) method to investigate the current profile in the South China Sea and its correlation with the design of underwater structural strength and the dynamic design of fatigue. The underwater structural strength design takes into account the size of the structure and the service water depth. We propose profiles for the overall and local designs using the inverse first-order reliability method(IFORM). We extracted the characteristic profile current(CPC) of the monitored sea area to solve dynamic design problems such as vortex-induced vibration(VIV). We used random sampling to verify the feasibility of using the EOF method to calculate the CPC from the current data and identified the main problems associated with using the CPC, which deserve close attention in VIV design. Our research conclusions provide direct references for determining current load in this sea area. This analysis method can also be used in the analysis of other sea areas or field variables.
引文
DNV,2010.Recommended Practice-DNV-RP-C205 Environmental Conditions and Environmental Loads.Technical Report.Det Norske Veritas,45pp.
Dong,H.J.,2009.Application of wind-driven current calculation in return period in offshore.Port Engineering Technology,46(2):1-3(in Chinese with English abstract).
Drago,M.,Mattioli,M.,and Quondamatteo,F.,2015.Metocean design criteria for deep water offshore systems.In:ASME 201534th International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering.Newfoundland,Canada,OMAE2015-41108.
Du,Y.,Wu,W.H.,Wang,Y.L.,Yue,Q.J.,and Shi,Z.M.,2014.Prototype measurement system of Nanhaitiaozhan FPS.The Ocean Engineering(Chinese),32(3):1-7(in Chinese with English abstract).
Eckert-gallup,A.C.,Sallaberry,C.J.,Dallman,A.R.,and Neary,V.S.,2014.Modified Inverse First Order Reliability Method(I-FORM)for predicting extreme sea states.Sandia National Laboratories(SNLNM),Albuquerque,NM,USA,11-32.
Forristall,G.Z.,and Cooper,C.K.,1997.Design current profiles using empirical orthogonal function(EOF)and inverse FORM methods.In:Proceedings of the 1997 29th Annual Offshore Technology Conference.Houston,Texas,USA,11-21.
Forristall,G.Z.,and Cooper,C.K.,2016.Metocean extreme and operating conditions.In:Springer Handbook of Ocean Engineering.Manhar,R.D.,and Nikolaos,I.X.,eds.,Springer International Publishing,New York,47-76.
Ge,L.L.,Qu,Y.,Zhang,Z.X.,Yan,Y.F.,and Qi,Y.Q.,2009.The calculation of the extreme wind,wave and current for return periods in the deep water area of the South China Sea.China Offshore Oil&Gas,21(3):207-210(in Chinese with English abstract).
He,Q.,Wei,Z.X.,and Wang,Y.G.,2012.Study on the sea currents in the northern shelf and slope of the South China Sea based on the observation.Acta Oceanologica Sinica,34(1):17-28(in Chinese with English abstract).
Hu,J.,Kawamura,H.,Hong,H.,and Qi,Y.,2000.A review on the currents in the South China Sea:Seasonal circulation,South China Sea Warm Current and Kuroshio Intrusion.Journal of Oceanography,56(6):607-624.
Jeans,G.,Fox,J.,and Channelliere,C.,2014.Current profile data sources for engineering design west of Shetlands.In:ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering.San Francisco,California,USA,OMAE2014-24114.
Jeans,G.,Grant,C.,and Feld,G.,2002.Improved current profile criteria for deepwater riser design.In:ASME 2002 21st International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering.Oslo,Norway,307-311.
Jeans,G.,Harrington-Missin,L.,Watson,A.,and Upton,J.,2012.The use of empirical orthogonal functions for deriving response based extreme current profiles.In:ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering.Rio de Janeiro,Brazil,15-23.
Jeans,G.,Prevosto,M.,Harrington-Missin,L.,Maisondieu,C.,Herry,C.,and Lima,J.M.,2012.Deepwater current profile data sources for riser engineering offshore Brazil.In:ASME2012 31st International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering.Rio de Janeiro,Brazil,155-168.
Jonathan,P.,Ewans,K.,and Flynn,J.,2012.Joint modelling of vertical profiles of large ocean currents.Ocean Engineering,42(3):195-204.
Lewis,M.,Neill,S.P.,Robins,P.,Hashemi,M.R.,and Ward,S.,2017.Characteristics of the velocity profile at tidal-stream energy sites.Renewable Energy,114:258-272.
Lie,H.,and Kaasen,K.E.,2006.Modal analysis of measurements from a large-scale VIV model test of a riser in linearly sheared flow.Journal of Fluids and Structures,22:557-575.
Liu,M.,Wu,W.H.,Tang,D.,Ma,H.Y.,and Naess,A.,2018.Current profile analysis and extreme value prediction in the LH11-1 oil field of the South China Sea based on prototype monitoring.Ocean Engineering,153:60-70.
Meling,T.S.,Eik,K.J.,and Nygaard,E.,2002.An assessment of EOF current scatter diagrams with respect to riser VIV fatigue damage.In:ASME 2002 21st International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering.Oslo,Norway,85-93.
Prevosto,M.,Forristall,G.Z.,Jeans,G.,Herry,C.,Harte,G.,Harrington-Missin,L.,and Dooley,P.,2012.Worldwide approximations of current profiles for steel riser design:The WACUP Project.In:ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering.Rio de Janeiro,Brazil,261-268.
Wang,B.,2005.The Distribution characteristics of extreme value of the Yellow and Bohai Sea’s marine hydrometeorological environmental.Master thesis.Ocean University of China,Qingdao.
Winterstein,S.R.,Haver,S.,and Nygaard,E.,2009.Turkstra models of current profiles.In:ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering.Honolulu,Hawaii,473-482.
Winterstein,S.R.,Haver,S.,Jha,A.K.,Kvingedal,B.,and Nygaard,E.,2011.Turkstra profiles of North Sea currents:Wider than you’d think.In:ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering.Rotterdam,The Netherlands,605-615.
Winterstein,S.R.,Ude,T.C.,Cornell,C.A.,Bjerager,P.,and Haver,S.,1993.Environmental parameters for extreme response:Inverse FORM with omission factors.In:Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Structural Safety and Reliability.Innsbruck,Austria,551.
Wu,H.J.,Yan,Q.X.,Wang,A.M.,Yu,Y.,Zhu,Y.S.,Li,Q.,and Xu,R.Y.,2018.Analysis of current characteristics in Liuhua area in northern South China Sea:Based on the mooring ADCP data in the winter of 2013.China Offshore Oil&Gas,29(3):122-130(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wu,W.H.,Tang,D.,Yue,Q.J.,Shi,Z.M.,and Qu,Y.,2013.Offshore platform structure prototype monitoring and its field application.In:Proceedings of the 16th China Ocean(Coastal)Engineering Academic Seminars.Dalian,247-254(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xu,D.L.,and Wang,L.P.,2011.Analysis of Ocean Random Data:Principles,Methods and Applications.Higher Education Press,Beijing,143pp(in Chinese).
Yang,Q.Y.,Liang,X.F.,Tian,J.W.,and Kang,J.J.,2008.Observation on the current in the northern South China Sea and spectrum analysis.Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,39(6):561-566(in Chinese with English abstract).
Dong,H.J.,2009.Application of wind-driven current calculation in return period in offshore.Port Engineering Technology,46(2):1-3(in Chinese with English abstract).
Drago,M.,Mattioli,M.,and Quondamatteo,F.,2015.Metocean design criteria for deep water offshore systems.In:ASME 201534th International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering.Newfoundland,Canada,OMAE2015-41108.
Du,Y.,Wu,W.H.,Wang,Y.L.,Yue,Q.J.,and Shi,Z.M.,2014.Prototype measurement system of Nanhaitiaozhan FPS.The Ocean Engineering(Chinese),32(3):1-7(in Chinese with English abstract).
Eckert-gallup,A.C.,Sallaberry,C.J.,Dallman,A.R.,and Neary,V.S.,2014.Modified Inverse First Order Reliability Method(I-FORM)for predicting extreme sea states.Sandia National Laboratories(SNLNM),Albuquerque,NM,USA,11-32.
Forristall,G.Z.,and Cooper,C.K.,1997.Design current profiles using empirical orthogonal function(EOF)and inverse FORM methods.In:Proceedings of the 1997 29th Annual Offshore Technology Conference.Houston,Texas,USA,11-21.
Forristall,G.Z.,and Cooper,C.K.,2016.Metocean extreme and operating conditions.In:Springer Handbook of Ocean Engineering.Manhar,R.D.,and Nikolaos,I.X.,eds.,Springer International Publishing,New York,47-76.
Ge,L.L.,Qu,Y.,Zhang,Z.X.,Yan,Y.F.,and Qi,Y.Q.,2009.The calculation of the extreme wind,wave and current for return periods in the deep water area of the South China Sea.China Offshore Oil&Gas,21(3):207-210(in Chinese with English abstract).
He,Q.,Wei,Z.X.,and Wang,Y.G.,2012.Study on the sea currents in the northern shelf and slope of the South China Sea based on the observation.Acta Oceanologica Sinica,34(1):17-28(in Chinese with English abstract).
Hu,J.,Kawamura,H.,Hong,H.,and Qi,Y.,2000.A review on the currents in the South China Sea:Seasonal circulation,South China Sea Warm Current and Kuroshio Intrusion.Journal of Oceanography,56(6):607-624.
Jeans,G.,Fox,J.,and Channelliere,C.,2014.Current profile data sources for engineering design west of Shetlands.In:ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering.San Francisco,California,USA,OMAE2014-24114.
Jeans,G.,Grant,C.,and Feld,G.,2002.Improved current profile criteria for deepwater riser design.In:ASME 2002 21st International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering.Oslo,Norway,307-311.
Jeans,G.,Harrington-Missin,L.,Watson,A.,and Upton,J.,2012.The use of empirical orthogonal functions for deriving response based extreme current profiles.In:ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering.Rio de Janeiro,Brazil,15-23.
Jeans,G.,Prevosto,M.,Harrington-Missin,L.,Maisondieu,C.,Herry,C.,and Lima,J.M.,2012.Deepwater current profile data sources for riser engineering offshore Brazil.In:ASME2012 31st International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering.Rio de Janeiro,Brazil,155-168.
Jonathan,P.,Ewans,K.,and Flynn,J.,2012.Joint modelling of vertical profiles of large ocean currents.Ocean Engineering,42(3):195-204.
Lewis,M.,Neill,S.P.,Robins,P.,Hashemi,M.R.,and Ward,S.,2017.Characteristics of the velocity profile at tidal-stream energy sites.Renewable Energy,114:258-272.
Lie,H.,and Kaasen,K.E.,2006.Modal analysis of measurements from a large-scale VIV model test of a riser in linearly sheared flow.Journal of Fluids and Structures,22:557-575.
Liu,M.,Wu,W.H.,Tang,D.,Ma,H.Y.,and Naess,A.,2018.Current profile analysis and extreme value prediction in the LH11-1 oil field of the South China Sea based on prototype monitoring.Ocean Engineering,153:60-70.
Meling,T.S.,Eik,K.J.,and Nygaard,E.,2002.An assessment of EOF current scatter diagrams with respect to riser VIV fatigue damage.In:ASME 2002 21st International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering.Oslo,Norway,85-93.
Prevosto,M.,Forristall,G.Z.,Jeans,G.,Herry,C.,Harte,G.,Harrington-Missin,L.,and Dooley,P.,2012.Worldwide approximations of current profiles for steel riser design:The WACUP Project.In:ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering.Rio de Janeiro,Brazil,261-268.
Wang,B.,2005.The Distribution characteristics of extreme value of the Yellow and Bohai Sea’s marine hydrometeorological environmental.Master thesis.Ocean University of China,Qingdao.
Winterstein,S.R.,Haver,S.,and Nygaard,E.,2009.Turkstra models of current profiles.In:ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering.Honolulu,Hawaii,473-482.
Winterstein,S.R.,Haver,S.,Jha,A.K.,Kvingedal,B.,and Nygaard,E.,2011.Turkstra profiles of North Sea currents:Wider than you’d think.In:ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering.Rotterdam,The Netherlands,605-615.
Winterstein,S.R.,Ude,T.C.,Cornell,C.A.,Bjerager,P.,and Haver,S.,1993.Environmental parameters for extreme response:Inverse FORM with omission factors.In:Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Structural Safety and Reliability.Innsbruck,Austria,551.
Wu,H.J.,Yan,Q.X.,Wang,A.M.,Yu,Y.,Zhu,Y.S.,Li,Q.,and Xu,R.Y.,2018.Analysis of current characteristics in Liuhua area in northern South China Sea:Based on the mooring ADCP data in the winter of 2013.China Offshore Oil&Gas,29(3):122-130(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wu,W.H.,Tang,D.,Yue,Q.J.,Shi,Z.M.,and Qu,Y.,2013.Offshore platform structure prototype monitoring and its field application.In:Proceedings of the 16th China Ocean(Coastal)Engineering Academic Seminars.Dalian,247-254(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xu,D.L.,and Wang,L.P.,2011.Analysis of Ocean Random Data:Principles,Methods and Applications.Higher Education Press,Beijing,143pp(in Chinese).
Yang,Q.Y.,Liang,X.F.,Tian,J.W.,and Kang,J.J.,2008.Observation on the current in the northern South China Sea and spectrum analysis.Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,39(6):561-566(in Chinese with English abstract).
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