2015年上海崇明岛PM_(2.5)和 PM_(10)浓度变化特征及气象因素影响分析
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摘要
通过对2015年1—12月上海崇明岛崇南地区颗粒物(PM_(2.5)、PM_(10))浓度的连续监测,研究了PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)在不同季节的动态变化特征及与其他因子(SO_2、NO_2、O_3)的相关性,分析了风向风速和降雨对颗粒物浓度的影响。结果表明:崇明岛PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)浓度的季节变化明显,呈现冬季的>春季的>秋季的>夏季的的特征,冬季PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)小时浓度均值分别为0.058 mg/m~3和0.085 mg/m~3,夏季PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)均值分别为0.034 mg/m~3和0.054 mg/m~3。PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)浓度分别与SO_2浓度和NO_2浓度显著正相关,与O_3显著负相关。全年来看,在西南风向时PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)浓度较高,这主要受该方向上游吴淞工业区、宝钢、石洞口电厂、罗店工业区等工业排放影响;从高浓度颗粒物(PM_(2.5)质量浓度≥0.115 mg/m~3)来向看,北和西北风向时出现高浓度颗粒物的频率最高,这主要是受到我国北方采暖季大气颗粒物输送过程对崇明岛区域的脉冲式污染影响所致;PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)实时浓度与相应的风速呈显著负相关。降雨量大于5 mm或持续3 h及以上的连续降雨对大气颗粒物起到显著的湿清除作用,降雨后PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)质量浓度分别降低了68.0%和66.9%,降雨时和雨后PM_(2.5)浓度为0.025～0.033 mg/m~3,均低于我国环境空气PM_(2.5)的一级浓度限值。
The temporal variations of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) in different seasons and their correlation with other pollution factors(SO_2, NO_2 and O_3) were studied through the continuous atmospheric particle monitoring in the southern area of Chongming island from January to December, 2015. The influence of meteorological factors(including wind direction, speed and rainfall) on particulate mass concentration was analyzed as well. The results showed that the concentration of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) were significantly seasonally different,the highest in winter, followed by spring and autumn, and the lowest in summer. The average hourly concentration of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) reached 0.058 mg/m~3 and 0.085 mg/m~3 respectively in winter, while the average concentration of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) were 0.034 mg/m~3 and 0.054 mg/m~3 in summer respectively. The concentration of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) were positively correlated with SO_2 and NO_2, while it showed a significant negative correlation with O_3. For the full year, the concentrations of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) were relatively high with the southwest wind direction, which was mainly due to industrial emission from Wusong industrial zone, Baosteel plant, Shidongkou power plants, Luodian industrial zone and so on. The high concentrations of PM_(2.5)(≥0.115 mg/m~3) mainly appeared with the north and northwest wind direction, which was influenced by impulse particulate pollution transport from northern China during heating season. The real time concentration of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) were negatively correlated with wind speed. Rainfall greater than 5 mm or continued more than 3 h had a significant wet cleaning effect on particulate matter. The average concentration of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) decreased 68.0% and 66.9% respectively. The concentration of PM_(2.5) was between 0.025 mg/m~3 and 0.033 mg/m~3 during and after the rain, which was lower than PM_(2.5) concentration limit in the national ambient air quality standard.
The temporal variations of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) in different seasons and their correlation with other pollution factors(SO_2, NO_2 and O_3) were studied through the continuous atmospheric particle monitoring in the southern area of Chongming island from January to December, 2015. The influence of meteorological factors(including wind direction, speed and rainfall) on particulate mass concentration was analyzed as well. The results showed that the concentration of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) were significantly seasonally different,the highest in winter, followed by spring and autumn, and the lowest in summer. The average hourly concentration of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) reached 0.058 mg/m~3 and 0.085 mg/m~3 respectively in winter, while the average concentration of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) were 0.034 mg/m~3 and 0.054 mg/m~3 in summer respectively. The concentration of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) were positively correlated with SO_2 and NO_2, while it showed a significant negative correlation with O_3. For the full year, the concentrations of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) were relatively high with the southwest wind direction, which was mainly due to industrial emission from Wusong industrial zone, Baosteel plant, Shidongkou power plants, Luodian industrial zone and so on. The high concentrations of PM_(2.5)(≥0.115 mg/m~3) mainly appeared with the north and northwest wind direction, which was influenced by impulse particulate pollution transport from northern China during heating season. The real time concentration of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) were negatively correlated with wind speed. Rainfall greater than 5 mm or continued more than 3 h had a significant wet cleaning effect on particulate matter. The average concentration of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) decreased 68.0% and 66.9% respectively. The concentration of PM_(2.5) was between 0.025 mg/m~3 and 0.033 mg/m~3 during and after the rain, which was lower than PM_(2.5) concentration limit in the national ambient air quality standard.
引文
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[22]上海市环境保护局.2015年上海市环境状况公报[EB/OL].(2016-03-30)[2017-08-21].http://sthj.sh.gov.cn/fa/cms/shhj/shhj2143/shhj2144/2016/03/92097.htm.
[23]陈诚,陈辰,汤莉莉,等.江苏沿江城市PM10和PM2.5中水溶性离子特征及来源分析[J].环境化学,2014,33(12):2123-2135.
[24]唐文苑,赵春生,耿福海,等.上海地区臭氧周末效应研究[J].中国科学(地球科学),2009,39(1):99-105.
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[26]Li G H,Zhang R Y,Fan J W,et al.Impacts of black carbon aerosol on photolysis and ozone[J].J Geophys Res,2005,110(23):206-215.
[27]Bian H,Han S Q,Tie X X,et al.Evidence of impact aerosols on surface ozone concentration in Tianjin,China[J].Atmos Environ,2007,41(22):4672-4681.
[28]Deng X,Tie X,Zhou X,et al.Effects of Southeast Asia biomass burning on aerosols and ozone concentrations over the Pearl River Delta(PRD) region[J].Atmos Environ,2007,42(36):8493-8501.
[29]Li J,Wang Z,Wang X,et al.Impacts of aerosols on summertime tropospheric photolysis frequencies and photochemistry over Central Eastern China[J].Atmos Environ,2011,45(10):1817-1829.
[30]殷磊,徐虹.崇明岛地区PM2.5和PM10浓度分析研究[J].环境科学与管理,2015,40(4):136-139.
[31]马格,田国行,李永华,等.郑州市气象因子对大气颗粒物浓度的影响研究[J].气象与环境科学,2018,41(3):29-38.
[32]刘雯,张晓春,李俊,等.武汉市观象台2013-2016年PM2.5质量浓度变化及其与气象因子的相关分析[J].气象与环境科学,2018,41(2):23-29.
[33]陈小敏,邹倩,周国兵.重庆主城区冬春季降水强度对大气污染物影响[J].西南师范大学学报,2013,38(7):113-121.
[34]汤天然,陈建楠,李广前,等.降雨对 PM2.5浓度的影响及人工降雨降低PM2.5浓度的探讨[J].贵州气象学报,2013,37(4):35-37.
[35]郑晓霞,赵文吉,晏星,等.降雨过程后北京城区PM2.5日时空变化研究[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(5):797-805.
[2]Huang D S,Xu J H,Zhang S Q.Valuing the health risks of particulate air pollution in the Pearl River Delta,China[J].Environmental Science & Policy,2012,15(1):38-47.
[3]陶燕,刘亚梦,米生权,等.大气细颗粒物的污染特征及对人体健康的影响[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(3):592-597.
[4]游燕,白志鹏.大气颗粒物暴露与健康效应研究进展[J].生态毒理学报,2012,7(2):123-132.
[5]United States Environmental Protection Agency.Office of air & radiation,office of air quality planning and standards,fact sheet[S].Washington:EPA's Revised Particulate Matter Standards,1997.
[6]国家环境保护局.GB 3095-1996环境空气质量标准[S].北京:中国环境科学院出版社,1996.
[7]国家环境保护局.GB 3095-2012环境空气质量标准[S].北京:中国环境科学院出版社,2012.
[8]洪杰南,潘卫国,郭瑞堂,等.PM2.5污染与监测技术研究进展[J].发电设备,2013,27(6):443-447.
[9]吴健生,廖星,彭健,等.重庆市PM2.5浓度空间分异模拟及影响因子[J].环境科学,2015,36(3):759-766.
[10]Tai A P K,Micklet L J,Jacob D J.Correlations between fine particulate matter(PM2.5)and meteorological variables in the United States:Implications for the sensitivity of PM2.5 to climate change [J].Atmospheric Environment,2010,44(32):3976-3984.
[11]陈渤黎,雷正翠,董芹,等.2012—2014年常州市大气重污染日的气象条件分析[J].气象与环境科学,2017,40(1):87-94.
[12]张岳鹏,李璇,聂滕,等.2014年2月北京PM2.5污染过程及天气形势分析[J].气象与环境科学,2016,39(2):55-62.
[13]吴雁,陈瑞敏,王颉,等.2013年河北中南部PM10和PM2.5浓度时间变化特征及其影响气象条件分析[J].气象与环境科学,2015,38(4):68-75.
[14]韩茜,魏文寿,刘新春,等.乌鲁木齐市PM10,PM2.5和PM1.0浓度及分布变化特征[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2015,9(1):32-38.
[15]何平,杨兴堂,沈先标,等.上海宝山地区大气PM2.5污染特征分析[J].环境与职业医学,2010,27(12):724-726.
[16]姚振坤,冯满,吕森林,等.上海城区和临安本底站PM2.5的物化特征及来源解析[J].中国环境科学,2010,30(3):289-295.
[17]谈荣华,张元茂,郑叶飞,等.上海市城区典型居民住宅区PM2.5的污染状况分析[J].环境与职业医学,2004,21(3):226-229.
[18]赵晨曦,王云琦,王玉杰,等.北京地区冬春PM2.5和PM10污染水平时空分布及其与气象条件的关系[J].环境科学,2014,35(2):418-427.
[19]刘娜,冯新斌,Landis M,等.贵阳市大气颗粒物PM2.5污染特征及气象参数的影响[J].地球与环境,2014,42(3):311-315.
[20]朱倩茹,刘永红,徐伟嘉,等.广州PM2.5污染特征及影响因素分析[J].中国环境监测,2013,29(2):15-21.
[21]顾凯华,史红仙,张帅,等.上海崇明岛近三年PM2.5浓度变化特征与气象条件的关系[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(12):2108-2116.
[22]上海市环境保护局.2015年上海市环境状况公报[EB/OL].(2016-03-30)[2017-08-21].http://sthj.sh.gov.cn/fa/cms/shhj/shhj2143/shhj2144/2016/03/92097.htm.
[23]陈诚,陈辰,汤莉莉,等.江苏沿江城市PM10和PM2.5中水溶性离子特征及来源分析[J].环境化学,2014,33(12):2123-2135.
[24]唐文苑,赵春生,耿福海,等.上海地区臭氧周末效应研究[J].中国科学(地球科学),2009,39(1):99-105.
[25]Martin R V,Jacob D J,Yantosca R M,et al.Global and regional decreases in tropospheric oxidants from photochemical effects of aerosols[J].J Geophys Res,2003,108(3):4097-4105.
[26]Li G H,Zhang R Y,Fan J W,et al.Impacts of black carbon aerosol on photolysis and ozone[J].J Geophys Res,2005,110(23):206-215.
[27]Bian H,Han S Q,Tie X X,et al.Evidence of impact aerosols on surface ozone concentration in Tianjin,China[J].Atmos Environ,2007,41(22):4672-4681.
[28]Deng X,Tie X,Zhou X,et al.Effects of Southeast Asia biomass burning on aerosols and ozone concentrations over the Pearl River Delta(PRD) region[J].Atmos Environ,2007,42(36):8493-8501.
[29]Li J,Wang Z,Wang X,et al.Impacts of aerosols on summertime tropospheric photolysis frequencies and photochemistry over Central Eastern China[J].Atmos Environ,2011,45(10):1817-1829.
[30]殷磊,徐虹.崇明岛地区PM2.5和PM10浓度分析研究[J].环境科学与管理,2015,40(4):136-139.
[31]马格,田国行,李永华,等.郑州市气象因子对大气颗粒物浓度的影响研究[J].气象与环境科学,2018,41(3):29-38.
[32]刘雯,张晓春,李俊,等.武汉市观象台2013-2016年PM2.5质量浓度变化及其与气象因子的相关分析[J].气象与环境科学,2018,41(2):23-29.
[33]陈小敏,邹倩,周国兵.重庆主城区冬春季降水强度对大气污染物影响[J].西南师范大学学报,2013,38(7):113-121.
[34]汤天然,陈建楠,李广前,等.降雨对 PM2.5浓度的影响及人工降雨降低PM2.5浓度的探讨[J].贵州气象学报,2013,37(4):35-37.
[35]郑晓霞,赵文吉,晏星,等.降雨过程后北京城区PM2.5日时空变化研究[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(5):797-805.