中国元古宇烃源岩成烃特征及勘探前景
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摘要
世界范围已发现大量元古宇油气藏.中国元古宇分布面积广,四川盆地震旦系大型气藏和华北中元古界大量液态油苗的发现,证实中国元古宇油气勘探潜力值得高度重视.文章探讨了元古宇烃源岩发育主控因素,指出活跃的大气环流和天文旋回驱动上升洋流和陆表径流提供营养源,海洋表层氧化水体为生物勃发提供适宜生存环境;大陆开裂导致的火山活动和陆地风化作用向海洋注入大量营养物质,导致低等生物繁盛;海洋深部广泛的厌氧水体为有机质保存创造了良好条件.真核生物的出现,使得源岩生烃母质构成呈多样性,有效提升了油气生成潜力.通过跨克拉通地层对比,明确中国元古宇发育7套富有机质优质烃源岩,主要发育于间冰期,具全球可比性.华北地区洪水庄组和下马岭组是已证实的中元古界烃源岩,早元古界长城系有可能成为鄂尔多斯盆地潜在气源岩;新元古界大塘坡组和陡山沱组烃源岩在上扬子地区广泛分布,是四川盆地震旦系大型气藏和鄂湘黔地区新元古界页岩气藏的主要气源之一.南华系在塔里木盆地可能存在高有机质丰度页岩,但仍需证实.中国三大克拉通地块可能皆发育元古宇烃源岩,是值得高度关注的主要接替勘探领域.
引文
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