隆凸克氏蛤(Claraia tumida)(双壳纲)足丝凹口的再研究
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摘要
简述Claraia tumida(Patte)的研究历史,依据共模标本再度描述研究其右壳的足丝凹口特征。《中国的瓣鳃类化石》一书中曾描述的本种的半轮状"足丝凹口",实际上是完全依照裂缝或破口的痕迹修剪而成,与真正的足丝凹口并无关系。这一虚假的"足丝凹口"近年来曾被广泛引用,企图借以证明本种和克氏蛤属也发育了Claraioides型足丝凹口。凡是由这个虚假的"足丝凹口"派生而来的观点和推论都不能成立。
The original photo of the species Claraia tumida published by Patte(1935, p. 22, pl. 2, fig. 4 b, accession number: NIGP 6442) has clearly shown the typical Claraia-type byssal notch(also see text-fig. 1-1 a—1-1 d, 1-1 f of this paper). But Gu Zhi-wei et al.(Editorial Group on "The Lamellibranch Fossils of China", 1976, p. 201, pl. 33, fig. 13, also see text-fig. 1-1 e of this paper) cut the photo according to the crevasse traces(please compare with black arrows in text-fig. 1-1 b, 1-1 d and 1-1 f for confirming their positional relationship), so that they got a false "byssal notch" of a half wheel shape in ‘The Lamellibranch Fossils of China". This so-called "byssal notch" has been widely cited in recent years as a "real" Claraioides-type byssal notch(Yang et al., 2001; Gao et al., 2004, 2009; He et al., 2007, 2014). However, this "byssal notch" has been turn out to be false herein and it has nothing to do with the real byssal notch. The species of Claraia tumida does not develop the Claraioides-type byssal notch. Therefore, all the views and inferences derived from the false "byssal notch" of Claraia tumida may not be valid, such as the "Scatter plot of measured characters" of He et al.(2007, p. 1013, Fig. 4) using the measurement data of the false "byssal notch" of Claraia tumida, and their related conclusion on "progressive morphological changes" in Claraia(also including Claraioides) from the early Changhsingian to the Induan(He et al., 2007, p. 1017, Fig. 6; 2014; Ros-Franch et al., 2014), losing their necessary basis too. There is no so-called intermediate transition type has been found between Claraia-type and Claraioides-type byssal notches so far, which represent two different mode of byssal notch development in Claraia-like species, indicating that they are two separate and parallel evolutionary lineages. In addition, the genera Claraia and Claraioides had never coexisted in geological and geographical distribution, and there is no possibility of establishing an evolutionary relationship between them(Fang, 2003, 2004, 2010; Fang in Fang et al., 2009).
The original photo of the species Claraia tumida published by Patte(1935, p. 22, pl. 2, fig. 4 b, accession number: NIGP 6442) has clearly shown the typical Claraia-type byssal notch(also see text-fig. 1-1 a—1-1 d, 1-1 f of this paper). But Gu Zhi-wei et al.(Editorial Group on "The Lamellibranch Fossils of China", 1976, p. 201, pl. 33, fig. 13, also see text-fig. 1-1 e of this paper) cut the photo according to the crevasse traces(please compare with black arrows in text-fig. 1-1 b, 1-1 d and 1-1 f for confirming their positional relationship), so that they got a false "byssal notch" of a half wheel shape in ‘The Lamellibranch Fossils of China". This so-called "byssal notch" has been widely cited in recent years as a "real" Claraioides-type byssal notch(Yang et al., 2001; Gao et al., 2004, 2009; He et al., 2007, 2014). However, this "byssal notch" has been turn out to be false herein and it has nothing to do with the real byssal notch. The species of Claraia tumida does not develop the Claraioides-type byssal notch. Therefore, all the views and inferences derived from the false "byssal notch" of Claraia tumida may not be valid, such as the "Scatter plot of measured characters" of He et al.(2007, p. 1013, Fig. 4) using the measurement data of the false "byssal notch" of Claraia tumida, and their related conclusion on "progressive morphological changes" in Claraia(also including Claraioides) from the early Changhsingian to the Induan(He et al., 2007, p. 1017, Fig. 6; 2014; Ros-Franch et al., 2014), losing their necessary basis too. There is no so-called intermediate transition type has been found between Claraia-type and Claraioides-type byssal notches so far, which represent two different mode of byssal notch development in Claraia-like species, indicating that they are two separate and parallel evolutionary lineages. In addition, the genera Claraia and Claraioides had never coexisted in geological and geographical distribution, and there is no possibility of establishing an evolutionary relationship between them(Fang, 2003, 2004, 2010; Fang in Fang et al., 2009).
引文
Carter J G (Coordinating Author),Altaba C R,Anderson L C,Araujo R,Biakov A S,Bogan A E,Campbell D C,Campbell M,Chen Jin-hua,Cope J C W,Delvene G,Dijkstra H H,Fang Zong-jie,Gardner R N,Gavrilova V A,Goncharova I A,Harries P J,Hartman J H,Hautmann M,Hoeh W R,Hylleberg J,Jiang Bao-yu,Johnston P,Kirkendale L,Kleeman K,Hoppka J,Kriz J,Machado D,Malchus N,Márquez-Aliaga A,Masse J P,McRoberts C A,Middelfart P U,Mitchell S,Nevesskaja L A,?zer S,Pojeta J,Polubotko I V,Pons J M,Popov S,Sánchez T,Sartori A F,Scott R W,Sey I I,Signorelli J H,Silantiev V V,Skelton P W,Thomas S,Waterhouse J B,Wingard G L,Yancey T,2011.A synoptical classification of the Bivalvia (Mollusca).The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions,4:1-47.
Chen Jin-hua (陈金华),Komatsu T (小松俊文),2002.So-called Middle Triassic “Claraia” (Bivalvia) from Guangxi,South China.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica (古生物学报),41(3):434-447 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Editorial Group on the Lamellibranch Fossils of China (《中国的瓣鳃类化石》编写组),1976.The Lamellibranch Fossils of China.Beijing:Science Press.1-522 (in Chinese).
Fang Zong-jie (方宗杰),1993.On “Claraia” (Bivalvia) of Late Permian.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica (古生物学报),32(6):653-661 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Fang Zong-jie (方宗杰),2003.Discussion on the study of the genera Claraia and Claraioides (Bivalvia) of Late Permian age.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica (古生物学报),42(4):613-619 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Fang Zong-jie (方宗杰),2004.Approach to the extinction patterns of Permian Bivalvia of South China.In:Rong Jia-yu,Fang Zong-jie (eds.),Mass Extinctions and Their Recovery:Examples from the Palaeozoic and Triassic of South China.Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China Press.571-646 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Fang Zong-jie,2010.Generic demarcation of Permo-Triassic Claraia-like species and their biogeographic significance.Alcheringa:An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology,34(2):161-178.
Fang Zong-jie,Chen Jin-hua,Chen Chu-zhen,Sha Jin-geng,Lan Xiu,Wen Shi-xuan,2009.Supraspecific taxa of the Bivalvia first named,described,and published in China (1927-2007).The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions,New Series 17:1-157.
Gao Yong-qun,Shi Guang-rong,Peng Yuan-qiao,2009.A new bivalve fauna from the Permian-Triassic boundary section of southwestern China.Alcheringa,33:33-47.
Gao Yong-qun,Yang Feng-qing,Peng Yuan-qiao,2004.Significance of Claraia from the Late Permian of South Guizhou,China.Alcheringa,28:469-476.
Gavrilova V A,1996:On the systematics of Triassic Pterinopectinidae (Bivalvia).Paleontological Journal,30:497-505.
He Wei-hong,Feng Qing-lai,Weldon E A,Gu Song-zhu,Meng You-yan,Zhang Fan,Wu Shun-bao,2007.A Late Permian to Early Triassic bivalve fauna from the Dongpan section,southern Guangxi,South China.Journal of Paleontology,81(5):1009-1019.
He Wei-hong,Zhang Ke-xin,Yang Ting-lu,Wu Shun-bao,2014.Morphological evolution of Claraia species from the Late Permian (Changhsingian) to the Early Triassic (Induan) and the response to the Permian-Triassic stressed environment.In:Rocha R,Pais J,Kullberg J,Finney S (eds.),STRATI 2013.Heidelberg:Springer.1035-1038.
Kotlyar G V,Zakharov Y D,Polubotko I V,2004.Late Changhsingian fauna of the northwestern Caucasus Mountains,Russia.Journal of Paleontology,78:513-527.
Li Zi-shun (李子舜),Zhan Li-pei (詹立培),Dai Jin-ye (戴进业),Jin Ruo-gu (金若谷),Zhu Xiu-fang (朱秀芳),Zhang Jing-hua (张景华),Huang Heng-quan (黄恒铨),Xu Dao-yi (徐道一),Yan Zheng (严正),Li Hua-mei (李华梅) et al.,1989.Study on the Permian-Triassic biostratigraphy and event stratigraphy of northern Sichuan and southern Shaanxi.People’s Republic of China,Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources,Geological Memoirs,Series 2,9:1-435 (in Chinese).
Lobanova O V,1979.On attribution of Pseudomonotis permiana (Bivalvia) from Novaya Zemlya to genus Claraia.Paleontological Zhurnal,1979(4):128.
Nakazawa K,1977.On Claraia of Kashmir and Iran.Journal of the Paleontological Society of India,20:191-204.
Newell N D,Boyd D W,1995.Pectinoid bivalves of the Permian-Triassic crisis.Bulletin of American Museum of Natural History,227:1-95.
Patte E,1935.Fossiles paleozoiques et mesozoiques du Sud-Ouest de la Chine.Palaeontologia Sinica,Series B,15(2):1-50.
Ros-Franch S,Márquez-Aliaga A,Damborenea S E,2014.Comprehensive database on Induan (Lower Triassic) to Sinemurian (Lower Jurassic) marine bivalve genera and their paleobiogeographic record.The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions,8:1-219.
Stanley S M,1972.functional morphology and evolution of byssally attached bivalve mollusks.Journal of Paleontology,46(2):165-212.
Waterhouse J B,2008.Aspects of the evolutionary record for fossils of the bivalve subclass Pteriomorphia Beurlen.Earthwise,8:1-219.
Yang Feng-qing (杨逢清),Gao Yong-qun (高勇群),2000.Late Permian deep water strata and bivalves of south Guizhou.Geoscience (现代地质),14(3):327-332 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang Feng-qing,Gao Yong-qun,Peng Yuan-qiao,2001.Study on the Late Permian Claraia in South China.Science in China,Series D,44(9):797-807.
Yang Feng-qing (杨逢清),Gao Yong-qun (高勇群),Peng Yuan-qiao (彭元桥),2002.Study on the Late Permian Claraia in South China.Science in China,Series D (中国科学,D缉),32(1):19-27 (in Chinese).
Yang Ting-lu,He Wei-hong,Zhang Ke-xin,Wu Shun-bao,Zhang Yang,Yue Ming-liang,Wu Hui-ting,Xiao Yi-fan,2016.Palaeoecological insights into the Changhsingian-Induan (latest Permian-earliest Triassic) bivalve fauna at Dongpan,southern Guangxi,South China.Alcheringa,40(1):98-117.
Yin Hong-fu (殷鸿福),1981.Palaeogeographical and stratigraphical distribution of the Lower Triassic Claraia and Eumorphotis (Bivalvia).Acta Geologica Sinica (地质学报),55(3):161-169 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Yin Hong-fu,1982.Uppermost Permian (Changhsingian) Pectinacea from South China.Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia,88(3):337-386.
Yin Hong-fu,1990.Paleogeographical distribution and stratigraphical range of the Lower Triassic Claraia,Pseudoclaraia and Eumorphotis (Bivalvia).Journal of China University of Geosciences,1:98-110.
Zhang Zuo-ming (张作铭),1980.On the ligament area,systematic position and evolutionary relationship of Claraia.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica (古生物学报),19(6):433-443 (in Chinese with English summary).
Chen Jin-hua (陈金华),Komatsu T (小松俊文),2002.So-called Middle Triassic “Claraia” (Bivalvia) from Guangxi,South China.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica (古生物学报),41(3):434-447 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Editorial Group on the Lamellibranch Fossils of China (《中国的瓣鳃类化石》编写组),1976.The Lamellibranch Fossils of China.Beijing:Science Press.1-522 (in Chinese).
Fang Zong-jie (方宗杰),1993.On “Claraia” (Bivalvia) of Late Permian.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica (古生物学报),32(6):653-661 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Fang Zong-jie (方宗杰),2003.Discussion on the study of the genera Claraia and Claraioides (Bivalvia) of Late Permian age.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica (古生物学报),42(4):613-619 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Fang Zong-jie (方宗杰),2004.Approach to the extinction patterns of Permian Bivalvia of South China.In:Rong Jia-yu,Fang Zong-jie (eds.),Mass Extinctions and Their Recovery:Examples from the Palaeozoic and Triassic of South China.Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China Press.571-646 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Fang Zong-jie,2010.Generic demarcation of Permo-Triassic Claraia-like species and their biogeographic significance.Alcheringa:An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology,34(2):161-178.
Fang Zong-jie,Chen Jin-hua,Chen Chu-zhen,Sha Jin-geng,Lan Xiu,Wen Shi-xuan,2009.Supraspecific taxa of the Bivalvia first named,described,and published in China (1927-2007).The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions,New Series 17:1-157.
Gao Yong-qun,Shi Guang-rong,Peng Yuan-qiao,2009.A new bivalve fauna from the Permian-Triassic boundary section of southwestern China.Alcheringa,33:33-47.
Gao Yong-qun,Yang Feng-qing,Peng Yuan-qiao,2004.Significance of Claraia from the Late Permian of South Guizhou,China.Alcheringa,28:469-476.
Gavrilova V A,1996:On the systematics of Triassic Pterinopectinidae (Bivalvia).Paleontological Journal,30:497-505.
He Wei-hong,Feng Qing-lai,Weldon E A,Gu Song-zhu,Meng You-yan,Zhang Fan,Wu Shun-bao,2007.A Late Permian to Early Triassic bivalve fauna from the Dongpan section,southern Guangxi,South China.Journal of Paleontology,81(5):1009-1019.
He Wei-hong,Zhang Ke-xin,Yang Ting-lu,Wu Shun-bao,2014.Morphological evolution of Claraia species from the Late Permian (Changhsingian) to the Early Triassic (Induan) and the response to the Permian-Triassic stressed environment.In:Rocha R,Pais J,Kullberg J,Finney S (eds.),STRATI 2013.Heidelberg:Springer.1035-1038.
Kotlyar G V,Zakharov Y D,Polubotko I V,2004.Late Changhsingian fauna of the northwestern Caucasus Mountains,Russia.Journal of Paleontology,78:513-527.
Li Zi-shun (李子舜),Zhan Li-pei (詹立培),Dai Jin-ye (戴进业),Jin Ruo-gu (金若谷),Zhu Xiu-fang (朱秀芳),Zhang Jing-hua (张景华),Huang Heng-quan (黄恒铨),Xu Dao-yi (徐道一),Yan Zheng (严正),Li Hua-mei (李华梅) et al.,1989.Study on the Permian-Triassic biostratigraphy and event stratigraphy of northern Sichuan and southern Shaanxi.People’s Republic of China,Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources,Geological Memoirs,Series 2,9:1-435 (in Chinese).
Lobanova O V,1979.On attribution of Pseudomonotis permiana (Bivalvia) from Novaya Zemlya to genus Claraia.Paleontological Zhurnal,1979(4):128.
Nakazawa K,1977.On Claraia of Kashmir and Iran.Journal of the Paleontological Society of India,20:191-204.
Newell N D,Boyd D W,1995.Pectinoid bivalves of the Permian-Triassic crisis.Bulletin of American Museum of Natural History,227:1-95.
Patte E,1935.Fossiles paleozoiques et mesozoiques du Sud-Ouest de la Chine.Palaeontologia Sinica,Series B,15(2):1-50.
Ros-Franch S,Márquez-Aliaga A,Damborenea S E,2014.Comprehensive database on Induan (Lower Triassic) to Sinemurian (Lower Jurassic) marine bivalve genera and their paleobiogeographic record.The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions,8:1-219.
Stanley S M,1972.functional morphology and evolution of byssally attached bivalve mollusks.Journal of Paleontology,46(2):165-212.
Waterhouse J B,2008.Aspects of the evolutionary record for fossils of the bivalve subclass Pteriomorphia Beurlen.Earthwise,8:1-219.
Yang Feng-qing (杨逢清),Gao Yong-qun (高勇群),2000.Late Permian deep water strata and bivalves of south Guizhou.Geoscience (现代地质),14(3):327-332 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang Feng-qing,Gao Yong-qun,Peng Yuan-qiao,2001.Study on the Late Permian Claraia in South China.Science in China,Series D,44(9):797-807.
Yang Feng-qing (杨逢清),Gao Yong-qun (高勇群),Peng Yuan-qiao (彭元桥),2002.Study on the Late Permian Claraia in South China.Science in China,Series D (中国科学,D缉),32(1):19-27 (in Chinese).
Yang Ting-lu,He Wei-hong,Zhang Ke-xin,Wu Shun-bao,Zhang Yang,Yue Ming-liang,Wu Hui-ting,Xiao Yi-fan,2016.Palaeoecological insights into the Changhsingian-Induan (latest Permian-earliest Triassic) bivalve fauna at Dongpan,southern Guangxi,South China.Alcheringa,40(1):98-117.
Yin Hong-fu (殷鸿福),1981.Palaeogeographical and stratigraphical distribution of the Lower Triassic Claraia and Eumorphotis (Bivalvia).Acta Geologica Sinica (地质学报),55(3):161-169 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Yin Hong-fu,1982.Uppermost Permian (Changhsingian) Pectinacea from South China.Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia,88(3):337-386.
Yin Hong-fu,1990.Paleogeographical distribution and stratigraphical range of the Lower Triassic Claraia,Pseudoclaraia and Eumorphotis (Bivalvia).Journal of China University of Geosciences,1:98-110.
Zhang Zuo-ming (张作铭),1980.On the ligament area,systematic position and evolutionary relationship of Claraia.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica (古生物学报),19(6):433-443 (in Chinese with English summary).