荒漠区包气带土壤物理特征及其对地下水毛管上升影响的模拟
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摘要
以巴丹吉林沙漠边缘荒漠区域为研究对象,选取两种典型的沙丘土壤剖面(沙壤土和砂土混合,均一砂土)进行土壤物理特征分析,并在此基础上模拟了不同土壤因素对毛管水上升过程的影响,探讨毛管水上升变化与土壤物理性质的关系,试图揭示地下水-毛管水-土壤水之间的相互作用过程.结果表明:研究区地下水毛管上升主要受土壤容重和土壤黏粒含量的影响,并且毛管水上升高度在地下潜水层以上为沙壤土的剖面中能够达到152 cm;地下潜水层以上为砂土的剖面中为120 cm.砂土中毛管水补给区域各土层水分分布更为均匀,并且从潜水面至地面方向土壤含水量呈递减趋势,沙壤土中毛管水补给区域土壤水分变异较大.借助Hydrus-3D模型能够较好模拟多因子影响下的土壤毛管水运动过程.潜水面以上土壤结构变化显著影响毛管水上升和剖面水分分布状况,但毛管水上升是否受季节性蒸发变化的影响以及毛管水与植物需水的关系有待进一步探究.
Two typical soil profiles of sand dune(mixed sandy loam with sandy soil; uniform sandy soil) were selected from the arid region on the edge of the Badain Jaran desert to analyze soil physical characteristics. The effects of soil physical characteristics on capillary rise were monitored and simulated. The relationship between two typical soil profiles of sand dune and capillary rise were investigated to reveal the interactive processes among groundwater, capillary water, and soil water. Results showed that capillary rise was mainly affected by soil bulk density and soil clay content in the arid-desert area. The capillary rise could reach to 152 cm above shallow layer in the profile of mixed sandy loam with sandy soils, and 120 cm in the profile of sandy soil, respectively. Soil water distribution driven by the capillary rise was more uniform in the profile of sandy soil. Soil water content showed a diminishing trend from the groundwater to the maximum distance of capillary rise. In contrast, soil water distribution was markedly varied in the profile of mixed sandy loam with sandy soil. The process of capillary movement could be well simulated with Hydrus-3D model. Soil structure above the groundwater was the critical factor, which could affect the capillary rise and soil water distribution. However, the effects of soil in-season evaporation and plant root uptake on capillary rise movement need to be explored in further studies.
Two typical soil profiles of sand dune(mixed sandy loam with sandy soil; uniform sandy soil) were selected from the arid region on the edge of the Badain Jaran desert to analyze soil physical characteristics. The effects of soil physical characteristics on capillary rise were monitored and simulated. The relationship between two typical soil profiles of sand dune and capillary rise were investigated to reveal the interactive processes among groundwater, capillary water, and soil water. Results showed that capillary rise was mainly affected by soil bulk density and soil clay content in the arid-desert area. The capillary rise could reach to 152 cm above shallow layer in the profile of mixed sandy loam with sandy soils, and 120 cm in the profile of sandy soil, respectively. Soil water distribution driven by the capillary rise was more uniform in the profile of sandy soil. Soil water content showed a diminishing trend from the groundwater to the maximum distance of capillary rise. In contrast, soil water distribution was markedly varied in the profile of mixed sandy loam with sandy soil. The process of capillary movement could be well simulated with Hydrus-3D model. Soil structure above the groundwater was the critical factor, which could affect the capillary rise and soil water distribution. However, the effects of soil in-season evaporation and plant root uptake on capillary rise movement need to be explored in further studies.
引文
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[14] Nagy E,Deák áJ.Investigation of water capillary rise in soil columns made from clay mineral mixtures pretreated with cationic surfactants.Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,2013,44:749-757
[15] Collis-George N.A re-interpretation of the drainage moisture characteristic.Geoderma,2012,189:87-90
[16] Nielsen DR,Genuchten MTV,Biggar JW.Water flow and solute transport processes in the unsaturated zone.Water Resources Research,1986,22:89-108
[17] Saito H,?imǔnek J,Mohanty BP.Numerical analysis of coupled water,vapor,and heat transport in the vadose zone.Vadose Zone Journal,2006,5:784
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[19] Wang W-J (王维娟),Niu W-Q (牛文全),Sun Y-Q (孙艳琦),et al.Simulation study on the effects of dripper spacing on soil water infiltration conditions nunder surface drip irrigation with two pointsource emitter.Journal of Northwest A&F University (Natural Science) (西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版),2010,38(4):219-225 (in Chinese)
[20] Singh DK,Rajput TBS,Singh DK,et al.Simulation of soil wetting pattern with subsurface drip irrigation from line source.Agricultural Water Management,2006,83:130-134
[21] Li Y-G (李耀刚),Wang W-E (王文娥),Hu X-T (胡笑涛).Numerical simulation of soil water infiltration under bubbled root irrigation based on HYDRUS-3D.Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering (排灌机械工程学报),2013,31(6):546-552 (in Chinese)
[22] Zhao LW,Zhao WZ.Water balance and migration for maize in an oasis farmland of Northwest China.Chinese Science Bulletin,2014,59:4829-4837
[23] Zhou H,Zhao WZ,Yang QY.Root biomass distribution of planted Haloxylon ammodendron in a duplex soil in an oasis:Desert boundary area.Ecological Research,2016,31:673-681
[24] Yi Y-L (依艳丽).Soil Physics Research Methods.Beijing:Peking University Press,2009 (in Chinese)
[25] Shao M-A (邵明安),Wang Q-J (王全九),Huang M-B (黄明斌).Soil Physics.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006 (in Chinese)
[26] Lei Z-D (雷志栋).Dynamics of Soil Water.Beijing:Tsinghu University Press,1998 (in Chinese)
[27] Li G-Y (李光永),Zheng Y-Q (郑耀泉),Zeng D-C (曾德超),et al.The mathematical model and experiment of water movement from a buried trickle source.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering (水利学报),1996(11):47-51 (in Chinese)
[28] Jorenush MH,Sepaskhah AR.Modelling capillary rise and soil salinity for shallow saline water table under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions.Agricultural Water Management,2003,61:125-141
[29] Gamie R,De Smedt F.Experimental and statistical study of saturated hydraulic conductivity and relations with other soil properties of a desert soil.European Journal of Soil Science,2018,69:256-264
[30] Chen L (陈琳),Fei L-J (费良军),Fu Y-L (傅渝亮),et al.Simulation and verification of movement characteristics of upward capillary water flow of saline water in soils with different soil temperature and bulk densities using Hydrus.Journal of Soil Water Conservation (水土保持学报),2018,32(6):89-98 (in Chinese)
[31] Dong R-Z (董荣泽),Yu M-Y (于明英),Qiu Z-N (邱照宁),et al.A study on capillary water movement characteristics in sandy soil.Water Saving Irrigation (节水灌溉),2018(4):19-25 (in Chinese)
[32] Wang Z-W (王祖伟),Yi L-P (弋良朋),Gao W-Y (高文燕),et al.Impact of inorganic anions on the cadmium effective fraction in soil and its phytoavailability during salinization in alkaline soils.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2012,32(23):7512-7518 (in Chinese)
[33] Chen M-J (陈敏建),Zhang Q-X (张秋霞),Wang Y (汪勇),et al.Critical depth of recharge of the vegetation by groundwater in the West Liaohe Plain.Advances in Water Science (水科学进展),2019,30(1):24-33 (in Chinese)
[34] Chen M-J (陈敏建).Ecological effect of watercycling and classification of regional ecological water demand.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering (水利学报),2007,38(3):282-288 (in Chinese)
[35] Mata-González R,Mclendon T,Martin DW,et al.Vege-tation as affected by groundwater depth and microtopogra-phy in a shallow aquifer area of the Great Basin.Ecohydrology,2012,5:54-63
[36] Deng Y-S (邓羽松),Ding S-W (丁树文),Cai C-F (蔡崇法),et al.Characteristic curves and model analysis of soil moisture in collapse mound profiles in southeast Hubei.Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报),2016,53(2):355-364 (in Chinese)
[37] Zhang YY,Zhao WZ,Ochsner TE,et al.Estimating deep drainage using deep soil moisture data under young irrigated cropland in a desert-oasis ecotone,Northwest China.Vadose Zone Journal,2019,18:56-67
[38] Zhang YY,Zhao WZ,He JH,et al.Soil susceptibility to macropore flow across a desert-oasis ecotone of the Hexi Corridor,Northwest China.Water Resources Research,2018,54:1281-1294
[39] Fan Z-L (樊自立),Che Y-N (陈亚宁),Li H-P (李和平),et al.Determination of suitable ecological groundwater depth in arid areas in northwest part of China.Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment (干旱区资源与环境),2008,22(2):1-5 (in Chinese)
[2] Zhmud BV,Tiberg F,Hallstensson K.Dynamics of capi-llary rise.Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2000,228:263-269
[3] He X-D (何兴东),Gao Y-B (高玉葆).Discussion on ecological role of hydraulic lift in arid region.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2003,23(5):996-1002 (in Chinese)
[4] Richards JH,Caldwell MM.Hydraulic lift:Substantial nocturnal water transport between soil layers by Artemi-sia tridentata roots.Oecologia,1987,73:486-489
[5] Wang D (王丁),Fei L-J (费良军).Rising capillary water transported characteristics of layered soil.Ground Water (地下水),2009,31(1):35-37 (in Chinese)
[6] Zhang P (张平),Wu H (吴昊),Yin H-J (殷洪建),et al.Effect of constitution of soil on upward movement of capillary water.Research of Soil and Water Conservation (水土保持研究),2011,18(4):265-267 (in Chinese)
[7] Li P (李鹏),Pan Y-H (潘英华),He F-H (何福红),et al.Research on capillary water absorption charac-teristics of Yellow River Delta Wetland soil.Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology (中国农业气象),2017,38(6):378-87 (in Chinese)
[8] Shi W-J (史文娟),Wang Z-R (汪志荣),Shen B (沈冰),et al.Soil capillary water upward movement from sand layered soil column.Journal of Soil Water Conservation (水土保持学报),2004,18(6):167-170 (in Chinese)
[9] Yin J (尹娟),Fei L-J (费良军),Cheng D-J (程东娟).Laboratory experiment on characteristics of capillary water upward movement from homogeneous soil.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (农业工程学报),2007,23(6):91-94 (in Chinese)
[10] He K-J (何克瑾),Fei L-J (费良军),Yin J (尹娟).Rising capillary water transport characteristics of homogeneous soil.Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University (沈阳农业大学学报),2007,38(4):581-585 (in Chinese)
[11] Liu W-J (刘伟佳),Wu J-H (吴军虎),Pei Q-B (裴青宝),et al.Experimental research on capillary water upward movement in homogeneous soil under different ground water tables.Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering (水资源与水工程学报),2010,21(1):67-69 (in Chinese)
[12] Zhao J-B (赵景波),Ma Y-D (马延东),Xing S (邢闪),et al.Study on moisture content in sand layers of Tengger Desert in Zhongwei,Ningxia.Journal of Mountain Science (山地学报),2010,28(6):653-659 (in Chinese)
[13] Li G-X (李广信).Advanced Soil Mechanics.Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2005 (in Chinese)
[14] Nagy E,Deák áJ.Investigation of water capillary rise in soil columns made from clay mineral mixtures pretreated with cationic surfactants.Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,2013,44:749-757
[15] Collis-George N.A re-interpretation of the drainage moisture characteristic.Geoderma,2012,189:87-90
[16] Nielsen DR,Genuchten MTV,Biggar JW.Water flow and solute transport processes in the unsaturated zone.Water Resources Research,1986,22:89-108
[17] Saito H,?imǔnek J,Mohanty BP.Numerical analysis of coupled water,vapor,and heat transport in the vadose zone.Vadose Zone Journal,2006,5:784
[18] Zhong Y (钟韵),Fei L-J (费良军),Fu Y-L (傅渝亮),et al.HYDRUS simulation and verification of movement characteristics of upward capillary water flow in soil as affected by multi-factor.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (农业工程学报),2018,34(5):83-89 (in Chinese)
[19] Wang W-J (王维娟),Niu W-Q (牛文全),Sun Y-Q (孙艳琦),et al.Simulation study on the effects of dripper spacing on soil water infiltration conditions nunder surface drip irrigation with two pointsource emitter.Journal of Northwest A&F University (Natural Science) (西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版),2010,38(4):219-225 (in Chinese)
[20] Singh DK,Rajput TBS,Singh DK,et al.Simulation of soil wetting pattern with subsurface drip irrigation from line source.Agricultural Water Management,2006,83:130-134
[21] Li Y-G (李耀刚),Wang W-E (王文娥),Hu X-T (胡笑涛).Numerical simulation of soil water infiltration under bubbled root irrigation based on HYDRUS-3D.Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering (排灌机械工程学报),2013,31(6):546-552 (in Chinese)
[22] Zhao LW,Zhao WZ.Water balance and migration for maize in an oasis farmland of Northwest China.Chinese Science Bulletin,2014,59:4829-4837
[23] Zhou H,Zhao WZ,Yang QY.Root biomass distribution of planted Haloxylon ammodendron in a duplex soil in an oasis:Desert boundary area.Ecological Research,2016,31:673-681
[24] Yi Y-L (依艳丽).Soil Physics Research Methods.Beijing:Peking University Press,2009 (in Chinese)
[25] Shao M-A (邵明安),Wang Q-J (王全九),Huang M-B (黄明斌).Soil Physics.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006 (in Chinese)
[26] Lei Z-D (雷志栋).Dynamics of Soil Water.Beijing:Tsinghu University Press,1998 (in Chinese)
[27] Li G-Y (李光永),Zheng Y-Q (郑耀泉),Zeng D-C (曾德超),et al.The mathematical model and experiment of water movement from a buried trickle source.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering (水利学报),1996(11):47-51 (in Chinese)
[28] Jorenush MH,Sepaskhah AR.Modelling capillary rise and soil salinity for shallow saline water table under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions.Agricultural Water Management,2003,61:125-141
[29] Gamie R,De Smedt F.Experimental and statistical study of saturated hydraulic conductivity and relations with other soil properties of a desert soil.European Journal of Soil Science,2018,69:256-264
[30] Chen L (陈琳),Fei L-J (费良军),Fu Y-L (傅渝亮),et al.Simulation and verification of movement characteristics of upward capillary water flow of saline water in soils with different soil temperature and bulk densities using Hydrus.Journal of Soil Water Conservation (水土保持学报),2018,32(6):89-98 (in Chinese)
[31] Dong R-Z (董荣泽),Yu M-Y (于明英),Qiu Z-N (邱照宁),et al.A study on capillary water movement characteristics in sandy soil.Water Saving Irrigation (节水灌溉),2018(4):19-25 (in Chinese)
[32] Wang Z-W (王祖伟),Yi L-P (弋良朋),Gao W-Y (高文燕),et al.Impact of inorganic anions on the cadmium effective fraction in soil and its phytoavailability during salinization in alkaline soils.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2012,32(23):7512-7518 (in Chinese)
[33] Chen M-J (陈敏建),Zhang Q-X (张秋霞),Wang Y (汪勇),et al.Critical depth of recharge of the vegetation by groundwater in the West Liaohe Plain.Advances in Water Science (水科学进展),2019,30(1):24-33 (in Chinese)
[34] Chen M-J (陈敏建).Ecological effect of watercycling and classification of regional ecological water demand.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering (水利学报),2007,38(3):282-288 (in Chinese)
[35] Mata-González R,Mclendon T,Martin DW,et al.Vege-tation as affected by groundwater depth and microtopogra-phy in a shallow aquifer area of the Great Basin.Ecohydrology,2012,5:54-63
[36] Deng Y-S (邓羽松),Ding S-W (丁树文),Cai C-F (蔡崇法),et al.Characteristic curves and model analysis of soil moisture in collapse mound profiles in southeast Hubei.Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报),2016,53(2):355-364 (in Chinese)
[37] Zhang YY,Zhao WZ,Ochsner TE,et al.Estimating deep drainage using deep soil moisture data under young irrigated cropland in a desert-oasis ecotone,Northwest China.Vadose Zone Journal,2019,18:56-67
[38] Zhang YY,Zhao WZ,He JH,et al.Soil susceptibility to macropore flow across a desert-oasis ecotone of the Hexi Corridor,Northwest China.Water Resources Research,2018,54:1281-1294
[39] Fan Z-L (樊自立),Che Y-N (陈亚宁),Li H-P (李和平),et al.Determination of suitable ecological groundwater depth in arid areas in northwest part of China.Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment (干旱区资源与环境),2008,22(2):1-5 (in Chinese)