Effects of harvesting method and date on yield loss and seed quality of rapeseed
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摘要
China is one of the major rapeseed production countries in the world, but harvesting mechanization was still backward, and high harvest loss was a key inhibiting factor for rapeseed production. To obtain optimum harvesting date for winter rape in the Yangtze River Valley of China, artificial simulated combine harvesting and artificial two-stage harvesting were adopted to find correlations between harvesting date, rape variety, seed oil content, protein content, grain moisture rate, rapeseed straw moisture content, rapeseed unthreshing rate, grain drop loss rate, thousand seeds weight(TSW), and harvesting economic coefficient(HEC). Analysis of variance showed that rapeseed oil content, protein content and TSW were correlated with rape variety; HEC was correlated with harvesting method and rape variety. Rape variety was the dominant factor of rapeseed oil content, protein content,TSW and HEC. Grain moisture rate, un-threshing rate, grain drop loss rate and straw moisture content were correlated with harvesting method and date. Harvesting date was the dominant factor of rapeseed moisture rate, un-threshing rate, grain drop loss rate and straw moisture rate. Single factor tests further proved that harvesting date had less impact on rapeseed oil content, protein content, TSW and HEC. It showed little correlation with rapeseed quality except grain moisture rate. The optimum harvesting date could be known by change in straw moisture content. The combined harvesting should be carried out during the grain moisture content of 15%-20% with TSW stabilized in the highest level. The twostage harvesting cutting should be carried out at the grain moisture content of 35%-40%.This research offered a reference to harvesting method and date for rape cultivated in the Yangtze River Valley.
China is one of the major rapeseed production countries in the world, but harvesting mechanization was still backward, and high harvest loss was a key inhibiting factor for rapeseed production. To obtain optimum harvesting date for winter rape in the Yangtze River Valley of China, artificial simulated combine harvesting and artificial two-stage harvesting were adopted to find correlations between harvesting date, rape variety, seed oil content, protein content, grain moisture rate, rapeseed straw moisture content, rapeseed unthreshing rate, grain drop loss rate, thousand seeds weight(TSW), and harvesting economic coefficient(HEC). Analysis of variance showed that rapeseed oil content, protein content and TSW were correlated with rape variety; HEC was correlated with harvesting method and rape variety. Rape variety was the dominant factor of rapeseed oil content, protein content,TSW and HEC. Grain moisture rate, un-threshing rate, grain drop loss rate and straw moisture content were correlated with harvesting method and date. Harvesting date was the dominant factor of rapeseed moisture rate, un-threshing rate, grain drop loss rate and straw moisture rate. Single factor tests further proved that harvesting date had less impact on rapeseed oil content, protein content, TSW and HEC. It showed little correlation with rapeseed quality except grain moisture rate. The optimum harvesting date could be known by change in straw moisture content. The combined harvesting should be carried out during the grain moisture content of 15%-20% with TSW stabilized in the highest level. The twostage harvesting cutting should be carried out at the grain moisture content of 35%-40%.This research offered a reference to harvesting method and date for rape cultivated in the Yangtze River Valley.
China is one of the major rapeseed production countries in the world, but harvesting mechanization was still backward, and high harvest loss was a key inhibiting factor for rapeseed production. To obtain optimum harvesting date for winter rape in the Yangtze River Valley of China, artificial simulated combine harvesting and artificial two-stage harvesting were adopted to find correlations between harvesting date, rape variety, seed oil content, protein content, grain moisture rate, rapeseed straw moisture content, rapeseed unthreshing rate, grain drop loss rate, thousand seeds weight(TSW), and harvesting economic coefficient(HEC). Analysis of variance showed that rapeseed oil content, protein content and TSW were correlated with rape variety; HEC was correlated with harvesting method and rape variety. Rape variety was the dominant factor of rapeseed oil content, protein content,TSW and HEC. Grain moisture rate, un-threshing rate, grain drop loss rate and straw moisture content were correlated with harvesting method and date. Harvesting date was the dominant factor of rapeseed moisture rate, un-threshing rate, grain drop loss rate and straw moisture rate. Single factor tests further proved that harvesting date had less impact on rapeseed oil content, protein content, TSW and HEC. It showed little correlation with rapeseed quality except grain moisture rate. The optimum harvesting date could be known by change in straw moisture content. The combined harvesting should be carried out during the grain moisture content of 15%-20% with TSW stabilized in the highest level. The twostage harvesting cutting should be carried out at the grain moisture content of 35%-40%.This research offered a reference to harvesting method and date for rape cultivated in the Yangtze River Valley.
引文
Ali M.,Raziuddin,Muhammad S.,Qazi U.B.,Aziz U.R.,Shahid A.K.2014.Combining ability and heritability studies for yield contributing traits in F2populations of brassica napus.American-Eurasian J.Agric.&En‐viron.Sci.14(6):509-515.doi:10.5829/idosi.ae‐jaes.2014.14.06.12342.
Bruce D.M.,Farrent J.W.,Morgan C.L.,Child R.D.2002.PA:precision agriculture determining the oilseed rape pod strength needed to reduce seed loss due to pod shatter.Biosyst.Eng.81(2):179-184.doi:10.1006/bioe.2001.0002.
Hobson R.N.,Bruce D.M.2002.PM:power and machinery seed loss when cutting a standing crop of oilseed rape with two types of combine harvester header.Biosyst.Eng.81(3):281-286.doi:10.1006/bioe.2001.0011.
Huang X.M.,Zong W.Y.2012.Research status and devel‐opment trend of rape combin harvester.Agr.Eng.2(1):14-19.
Jin C.Q.,Wu C.Y.2010.Review and perspectives of re‐search statuson rape harvest technique.J.of Agr.Mechan.Res.32(1):5-9.
Liu D.,Zhao X.,Gao L.,S?rensen C.G.2011.Effect of moisture content on rape harvest logistics losses un‐der different harvest methods.Trans.Chin.Soc.Ag‐ric.Eng.27(10):339-342.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.10.059.
Liu H.L.1987.Practical rapeseed cultivatioon.Shanghai Science and Technology.Shanghai.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-9404.2015.01.012
Liu J.,Mei D.S.,Li Y.C.,Cui J.C.,Wang H.,Peng P.F.,Fu L.,Hu Q.2013.Combining ability and breeding po‐tential of rapeseed elite lines for pod shatter resis‐tance.J.Integr.Agric.12(3):552-555.doi:10.1016/s2095-3119(13)60256-7.
Ma N.,Li Y.C,Hu Q.,Li J.,Li G.M.,Zhang C.L.2010.Re‐search of agronomic techniques form echanical pro‐duction of winter rape(Brassica napus L.)in south China.Chin.Chin.J.Oil Crop Sci.32(3):451-456.doi:10.1016/S0740-624X(96)90083-0
Ma N.,Zhang C.L.,Li J.,Zhang M.H.,Cheng Y.G.,Li G.M.,Zhang S.J.2012.Mechanical harvesting effects on seed yield loss,quality traits and profitability of winter oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.).J.Integr.Ag‐ric.11(8):1297-1304.doi:10.1016/s2095-3119(12)60126-9.
Pari L.,Assirelli A.,Suardi A.,Civitarese V.,del Giudice A.,Costa C.,Santangelo E.2012.The harvest of oil‐seed rape(Brassica napus L.):The effective yield losses at on-farm scale in the Italian area.Biomass Bioenergy.46:453-458.doi:10.1016/j.biombi‐oe.2012.07.014.
Rameeh V.2012.Combining ability analysis of plant height and yield components in spring type of rape‐seed varieties(Brassica napus L.)using line×tester analysis.Int.J.Agric.For.2(1):58-62.doi:10.5923/j.ijaf.20120201.10.
Shi J.F.,Leng S.H,Zuo Q.S.,Tang Y.Yang G.2009.Me‐chanical harvesting technique in rapeseed(Brassica napus L):yield loss of different rpaeseed cultivars.Chin.J.Oil Crop Sci.31(4):470-473.
Sincik M.,Bilgili U.,Uzun A.,Acikgoz E.2007.Harvest stage effects on forage yield and quality for rape and tur‐nip genotypes.Span J Agric Res.5(4):510-516.doi:10.5424/sjar/2007054-286.
Tang Q.Y.2010.DPS date processing system-experimental design,statistical analysis and data mining.Science Press.Beijing.
Wu C.Y.,Wang J.J.,Liao Q.X.,Wang Z.H.,Wu W.K.2017.Current status and problems of rapeseed pro‐duction.J.Chin.Agric.Mech.38(1):124-131.doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095-5553.
Wu C.,Xiao S.,Jin M.2014.Comparation on rape com‐bine harvesting and two-stage harvesting.Trans.Chin.Soc.Agric.Eng.30(17):10-16.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.17.002.
Wu M.L.,Tang L.,Guan C.Y.,Tang C.Z.2014.Optimiza‐tion analysis on parameters of cleaning sieve of rape combine of“Bi Lang 4LZ(Y)-1.0”.Adv.J.Food Sci.Technol.6(1):144-148.doi:10.19026/ajfst.6.3045.
Xu X.,He M.2010.Experiment design and application of design-expert and SPSS.Since press,Beijin.
Yang G.,Feng Y.Y.,Zhang H.X.,Li S.N.,Zhu Q.Y.,Liu R.,Zuo Q.S.,Leng S.H.2015.Relationship between plant density and loss percentage of mechanical harvesting in rapeseed(Brassica napus L.).Chin.J.Oil Crop Sci.37(6):827-831.doi:10.1109/MSP.2007.914712
Zhang M.,Jin C.Q.,Liang S.N.,Tang Q.,Wu C.Y.2015.Parameter optimization and experiment on air-screen cleaning device of rapeseed combine harvester.Trans.Chin.Soc.Agric.Eng.31(24):8-15.
Zhu Y.M.,Li Y.D.,Colbach N.,Ma K.P.,Wei W.,Mi X.C.2012 Seed losses at harvest and seed persistence of oilseed rape(Brassica napus)in different cultural conditions in Chinese farming systems.Weed Res.52(4):317-326.doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.2012.00929.x
Zuo Q.S.,Huang H.D.,Cao S.,Yang S.F.,Liao Q.X.,Leng S.H.,Wu J.S.,Zhou G.S.2014.Effects of harvesting date on yield loss percentage of mechanical harvest and seed quality in rapeseed.Acta Agron.Sin.40(4):650-656.doi:10.3724/sp.j.1006.2014.00650.
Bruce D.M.,Farrent J.W.,Morgan C.L.,Child R.D.2002.PA:precision agriculture determining the oilseed rape pod strength needed to reduce seed loss due to pod shatter.Biosyst.Eng.81(2):179-184.doi:10.1006/bioe.2001.0002.
Hobson R.N.,Bruce D.M.2002.PM:power and machinery seed loss when cutting a standing crop of oilseed rape with two types of combine harvester header.Biosyst.Eng.81(3):281-286.doi:10.1006/bioe.2001.0011.
Huang X.M.,Zong W.Y.2012.Research status and devel‐opment trend of rape combin harvester.Agr.Eng.2(1):14-19.
Jin C.Q.,Wu C.Y.2010.Review and perspectives of re‐search statuson rape harvest technique.J.of Agr.Mechan.Res.32(1):5-9.
Liu D.,Zhao X.,Gao L.,S?rensen C.G.2011.Effect of moisture content on rape harvest logistics losses un‐der different harvest methods.Trans.Chin.Soc.Ag‐ric.Eng.27(10):339-342.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.10.059.
Liu H.L.1987.Practical rapeseed cultivatioon.Shanghai Science and Technology.Shanghai.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-9404.2015.01.012
Liu J.,Mei D.S.,Li Y.C.,Cui J.C.,Wang H.,Peng P.F.,Fu L.,Hu Q.2013.Combining ability and breeding po‐tential of rapeseed elite lines for pod shatter resis‐tance.J.Integr.Agric.12(3):552-555.doi:10.1016/s2095-3119(13)60256-7.
Ma N.,Li Y.C,Hu Q.,Li J.,Li G.M.,Zhang C.L.2010.Re‐search of agronomic techniques form echanical pro‐duction of winter rape(Brassica napus L.)in south China.Chin.Chin.J.Oil Crop Sci.32(3):451-456.doi:10.1016/S0740-624X(96)90083-0
Ma N.,Zhang C.L.,Li J.,Zhang M.H.,Cheng Y.G.,Li G.M.,Zhang S.J.2012.Mechanical harvesting effects on seed yield loss,quality traits and profitability of winter oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.).J.Integr.Ag‐ric.11(8):1297-1304.doi:10.1016/s2095-3119(12)60126-9.
Pari L.,Assirelli A.,Suardi A.,Civitarese V.,del Giudice A.,Costa C.,Santangelo E.2012.The harvest of oil‐seed rape(Brassica napus L.):The effective yield losses at on-farm scale in the Italian area.Biomass Bioenergy.46:453-458.doi:10.1016/j.biombi‐oe.2012.07.014.
Rameeh V.2012.Combining ability analysis of plant height and yield components in spring type of rape‐seed varieties(Brassica napus L.)using line×tester analysis.Int.J.Agric.For.2(1):58-62.doi:10.5923/j.ijaf.20120201.10.
Shi J.F.,Leng S.H,Zuo Q.S.,Tang Y.Yang G.2009.Me‐chanical harvesting technique in rapeseed(Brassica napus L):yield loss of different rpaeseed cultivars.Chin.J.Oil Crop Sci.31(4):470-473.
Sincik M.,Bilgili U.,Uzun A.,Acikgoz E.2007.Harvest stage effects on forage yield and quality for rape and tur‐nip genotypes.Span J Agric Res.5(4):510-516.doi:10.5424/sjar/2007054-286.
Tang Q.Y.2010.DPS date processing system-experimental design,statistical analysis and data mining.Science Press.Beijing.
Wu C.Y.,Wang J.J.,Liao Q.X.,Wang Z.H.,Wu W.K.2017.Current status and problems of rapeseed pro‐duction.J.Chin.Agric.Mech.38(1):124-131.doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095-5553.
Wu C.,Xiao S.,Jin M.2014.Comparation on rape com‐bine harvesting and two-stage harvesting.Trans.Chin.Soc.Agric.Eng.30(17):10-16.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.17.002.
Wu M.L.,Tang L.,Guan C.Y.,Tang C.Z.2014.Optimiza‐tion analysis on parameters of cleaning sieve of rape combine of“Bi Lang 4LZ(Y)-1.0”.Adv.J.Food Sci.Technol.6(1):144-148.doi:10.19026/ajfst.6.3045.
Xu X.,He M.2010.Experiment design and application of design-expert and SPSS.Since press,Beijin.
Yang G.,Feng Y.Y.,Zhang H.X.,Li S.N.,Zhu Q.Y.,Liu R.,Zuo Q.S.,Leng S.H.2015.Relationship between plant density and loss percentage of mechanical harvesting in rapeseed(Brassica napus L.).Chin.J.Oil Crop Sci.37(6):827-831.doi:10.1109/MSP.2007.914712
Zhang M.,Jin C.Q.,Liang S.N.,Tang Q.,Wu C.Y.2015.Parameter optimization and experiment on air-screen cleaning device of rapeseed combine harvester.Trans.Chin.Soc.Agric.Eng.31(24):8-15.
Zhu Y.M.,Li Y.D.,Colbach N.,Ma K.P.,Wei W.,Mi X.C.2012 Seed losses at harvest and seed persistence of oilseed rape(Brassica napus)in different cultural conditions in Chinese farming systems.Weed Res.52(4):317-326.doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.2012.00929.x
Zuo Q.S.,Huang H.D.,Cao S.,Yang S.F.,Liao Q.X.,Leng S.H.,Wu J.S.,Zhou G.S.2014.Effects of harvesting date on yield loss percentage of mechanical harvest and seed quality in rapeseed.Acta Agron.Sin.40(4):650-656.doi:10.3724/sp.j.1006.2014.00650.