冬季低温地区道路移动源大气污染物排放清单
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摘要
研究了冬季低温地区道路移动源排放清单及污染特征.以长春市为例,基于测试和"道路机动车大气污染物排放清单编制技术指南",建立了2016年全年的道路移动源大气污染物排放清单,利用ArcGIS进行空间分配,并基于IVE模型分析典型车辆启动排放贡献率.结果表明,长春市道路移动源CO,HC,NO_x,PM_(2. 5)和PM_(10)年排放量分别为13. 17,2. 90,4. 09,0. 22,0. 24万t;小型客车和重型货车分别为CO,HC和NO_x,PM_(10)的主要来源;启动阶段,长春市典型车辆冬季启动贡献率高于上海市;另外,道路移动源排放强度呈现出由城市中心向边缘递减的趋势.
The emission inventory and pollution characteristics of on-road vehicles were studied in low temperature areas in winter. Taking Changchun as an example,and based on tests and the technical guide for emission inventory preparation of on-road vehicles,an emission inventory of Changchun was established in 2016. ArcGIS was used to allocate space,and the contribution rate of typical vehicles starting emission was analyzed based on the IVE model. The results showed that the annual emissions of CO,HC,NO_x,PM_(2. 5) and PM_(1)0 are 137 700,29 000,40 900,2 200 and 2 400 tons,respectively. M inibuses are the dominant contributors to CO and HC,while heavy-duty trucks are the main sources of NO_x and PM_(10). M eanwhile,the contribution rate during the start-up phase of typical vehicles in Changchun is higher than that in Shanghai. In addition,the emission intensity tends to decrease from the center of city to the outskirts.
The emission inventory and pollution characteristics of on-road vehicles were studied in low temperature areas in winter. Taking Changchun as an example,and based on tests and the technical guide for emission inventory preparation of on-road vehicles,an emission inventory of Changchun was established in 2016. ArcGIS was used to allocate space,and the contribution rate of typical vehicles starting emission was analyzed based on the IVE model. The results showed that the annual emissions of CO,HC,NO_x,PM_(2. 5) and PM_(1)0 are 137 700,29 000,40 900,2 200 and 2 400 tons,respectively. M inibuses are the dominant contributors to CO and HC,while heavy-duty trucks are the main sources of NO_x and PM_(10). M eanwhile,the contribution rate during the start-up phase of typical vehicles in Changchun is higher than that in Shanghai. In addition,the emission intensity tends to decrease from the center of city to the outskirts.
引文
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[2] Poorfakhraei A,Tayarani M,Rowangould G. Evaluating health outcomes from vehicle emissions exposure in the long range regional transportation planning process[J]. Journal of Transport&Health,2017(6):1034-1042.
[3] Fontaras G,Franco V,Dilara P,et al. Development and reviewof Euro 5 passenger car emission factors based on experimental results over various driving cycles[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2014,468/469:1034-1042.
[4] Kousoulidou M,Fontaras G,Ntziachristos L,et al. Use of portable emissions measurement system(PEM S)for the development and validation of passenger car emission factors[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2013,64(1):329-338.
[5] Mohammadiha A,Malakooti H,Esfahanian V. Development of reduction scenarios for criteria air pollutants emission in Tehran traffic sector,Iran[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2018,622/623:17-28.
[6] Hao J,He D,Wu Y,et al. A study of the emission and concentration distribution of vehicular pollutants in the urban area of Beijing[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2000,34(3):453-465.
[7] Hao J,Wu Y,Fu L,et al. Source contributions to ambient concentrations of CO and NOxin the urban area of Beijing[J]. Environmental Letters,2001,36(2):215-228.
[8] Wang H,Chen C,Huang C,et al. On-road vehicle emission inventory and its uncertainty analysis for Shanghai,China[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2008,398(1):60-67.
[9] Zhang S,Wu Y,Liu H,et al. Historical evaluation of vehicle emission control in Guangzhou based on a multi-year emission inventory[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2013,76:32-42.
[10]高锋，王宝书，孙鸿雁，等．近60年长春冬季气温变化特征[J]．安徽农业科学，2009,37(29):14234-14236.(Gao Feng, Wang Bao-shu, Sun Hong-yan, et al.Characteristics of winter temperature change in Changchun during recent 60 years[J]. Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2009,37(29):14234-14236.)
[11]李孟良，李洧，方茂东，等．道路车辆实际行驶工况解析方法研究[J]．武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版)，2003,27(1):69-72.(Li Meng-liang,Li Wei,Fang Mao-dong,et al. Research on analytical method of actual driving conditions of road vehicles[J]. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Transmission Science&Engineering),2003,27(1);69-72.)
[12] Motrycz G,Krzysztof S,Beata S,et al. Investigations on the dynamics of motor vehicle driving in nighttime conditions[J]. The Archives of Automotive Engineering-Archiwum Motoryzacji,2016,73(3):103-118.
[13]吴云波，王惠中，刘军，等．南京市轻型车行驶工况的研究[J]．汽车实用技术，2011(5):61-64.(Wu Yun-bo,Wang Hui-zhong,Liu Jun,et al. Research on driving conditions of light vehicles in Nanjing[J].Automotive Practical Technology,2011(5):61-64.)
[14]长春市统计局．长春统计年鉴[M]．北京:中国统计出版社，2016:214-215.(Changchun Bureau of Statistics. Changchun statistical yearbook[M]. Beijing:China Statistics Press,2016:214-215.)
[15]中国汽车技术研究中心．中国汽车工业年鉴[M]．天津:中国汽车工业年鉴期刊社，2016:228-292.(China Automotive Technology and Research Center. China automotive industry yearbook[M]. Tianjin:China Automotive Industry Yearbook Press,2016:228-292.)
[16] Gentner D R,Harley R A,Miller A M,et al. Diurnal and seasonal variability of gasoline-related volatile organic compound emissions in Riverside, California[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2009,43(12):4247-4252.
[17] Song Y,Shao M,Liu Y,et al. Source apportionment of ambient volatile organic compounds in Beijing[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2007,41(12):4348-4353.
[18] Serie E,Joumard R. Modelling of pollutant emissions during cold start for road vehicles[J]. International Journal of Vehicle Design,1998,20(1/2/3/4):172-180.
[19] Reiter M S,Kockelman K M. The problem of cold starts:a closer look at mobile source emissions levels[J].Transportation Research Part D Transport&Environment,2016,43:123-132.