Climate change induced eutrophication of cold-water lake in an ecologically fragile nature reserve
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摘要
Aquatic ecosystem sustainability around the globe is facing crucial challenges because of increasing anthropogenic and natural disturbances. In this study, the Tianchi Lake, a typical cold-water lake and a UNESCO/MAB(Man and Biosphere) nature reserve located in high latitude and elevation with the relatively low intensity of human activity was chosen as a system to examine the linkages between climate change and eutrophication. As a part of the UNESCO Bogda Man and Biosphere Reserve, Tianchi Lake has been well preserved for prevention from human intervention, but why has it been infected with eutrophication recent years? Our results show that climate change played a significant role in the eutrophication in the Tianchi Lake. Increased temperature, changed precipitation pattern and wind-induced hydrodynamic fluctuations in the summer season were suggested to make a major contribution to the accelerated eutrophication. The results also showed that the local temperature and precipitation changes were closely linked to the large-scale atmospheric circulation, which opens the door for the method to be applied in other regions without local climatic information. This study suggests that there is an urgent need to take into consideration of climate change adaptation into the conservation and management of cold-water lakes globally.
Aquatic ecosystem sustainability around the globe is facing crucial challenges because of increasing anthropogenic and natural disturbances. In this study, the Tianchi Lake, a typical cold-water lake and a UNESCO/MAB(Man and Biosphere) nature reserve located in high latitude and elevation with the relatively low intensity of human activity was chosen as a system to examine the linkages between climate change and eutrophication. As a part of the UNESCO Bogda Man and Biosphere Reserve, Tianchi Lake has been well preserved for prevention from human intervention, but why has it been infected with eutrophication recent years? Our results show that climate change played a significant role in the eutrophication in the Tianchi Lake. Increased temperature, changed precipitation pattern and wind-induced hydrodynamic fluctuations in the summer season were suggested to make a major contribution to the accelerated eutrophication. The results also showed that the local temperature and precipitation changes were closely linked to the large-scale atmospheric circulation, which opens the door for the method to be applied in other regions without local climatic information. This study suggests that there is an urgent need to take into consideration of climate change adaptation into the conservation and management of cold-water lakes globally.
Aquatic ecosystem sustainability around the globe is facing crucial challenges because of increasing anthropogenic and natural disturbances. In this study, the Tianchi Lake, a typical cold-water lake and a UNESCO/MAB(Man and Biosphere) nature reserve located in high latitude and elevation with the relatively low intensity of human activity was chosen as a system to examine the linkages between climate change and eutrophication. As a part of the UNESCO Bogda Man and Biosphere Reserve, Tianchi Lake has been well preserved for prevention from human intervention, but why has it been infected with eutrophication recent years? Our results show that climate change played a significant role in the eutrophication in the Tianchi Lake. Increased temperature, changed precipitation pattern and wind-induced hydrodynamic fluctuations in the summer season were suggested to make a major contribution to the accelerated eutrophication. The results also showed that the local temperature and precipitation changes were closely linked to the large-scale atmospheric circulation, which opens the door for the method to be applied in other regions without local climatic information. This study suggests that there is an urgent need to take into consideration of climate change adaptation into the conservation and management of cold-water lakes globally.
引文
Ansari,Abid A.,Gill,S.S.,2014.Eutrophication:Causes,Consequences and Control.Springer.
Bhutiyani,M.,Kale,V.S.,Pawar,N.,2007.Long-term trends in maximum,minimum and mean annual air temperatures across the Northwestern Himalaya during the twentieth century.Clim.Chang.85,159-177.
Bhutiyani,M.,Kale,V.,Pawar,N.,2010.Climate change and the precipitation variations in the northwestern Himalaya:1866-2006.Int.J.Climatol.30,535-548.
Chen,D.,2000.A monthly circulation climatology for Sweden and its application to a winter temperature case study.Int.J.Climatol.20,1067-1076.
Chen,F.,Chen,J.,Holmes,J.,Boomer,I.,Austin,P.,Gates,J.B.,et al.,2010.Moisture changes over the last millennium in arid central Asia:a review,synthesis and comparison with monsoon region.Quat.Sci.Rev.29,1055-1068.
Chu,J.,Xia,J.,Xu,C.-Y.,Singh,V.,2010.Statistical downscaling of daily mean temperature,pan evaporation and precipitation for climate change scenarios in Haihe River,China.Theor.Appl.Climatol.99,149-161.
Deng,J.M.,Qin,B.Q.,Paerl,H.W.,Zhang,Y.L.,Ma,J.R.,Chen,Y.W.,2014.Earlier and warmer springs increase cyanobacterial(Microcystis spp.)blooms in subtropical Lake Taihu,China.Freshw.Biol.59,1076-1085.
Ding,J.,Cao,J.,Xu,Q.,Xi,B.,Su,J.,Gao,R.,et al.,2015.Spatial heterogeneity of lake eutrophication caused by physiogeographic conditions:an analysis of 143 lakes in China.J.Environ.Sci.30,140-147.
Dong,Z.,Pan,Z.,An,P.,Wang,L.,Zhang,J.,He,D.,et al.,2015.Anovel method for quantitatively evaluating agricultural vulnerability to climate change.Ecol.Indic.48,49-54.
Fu,K.Z.,Moe,B.,Li,X.-F.,Le,X.C.,2015.Cyanobacterial bloom dynamics in Lake Taihu.J.Environ.Sci.32,249-251.
Group,MRIEW,2015.Elevation-dependent warming in mountain regions of the world.Nat.Climate Change 5,424-430.
Harris,J.M.,Vinobaba,P.,Kularatne,R.K.A.,Kankanamge,C.E.,2016.Spatial and temporal distribution of cyanobacteria in Batticaloa Lagoon.J.Environ.Sci.47,211-218.
Huo,S.,Ma,C.,Xi,B.,Su,J.,Zan,F.,Ji,D.,et al.,2013.Establishing eutrophication assessment standards for four lake regions,China.J.Environ.Sci.25,2014-2022.
Jaagus,J.,2006.Climatic changes in Estonia during the second half of the 20th century in relationship with changes in large-scale atmospheric circulation.Theor.Appl.Climatol.83,77-88.
Jaagus,J.,Briede,A.,Rimkus,E.,Remm,K.,2010.Precipitation pattern in the Baltic countries under the influence of large-scale atmospheric circulation and local landscape factors.Int.J.Climatol.30,705-720.
Jack Brookshire,E.,Gerber,S.,Webster,J.R.,Vose,J.M.,Swank,W.T.,2011.Direct effects of temperature on forest nitrogen cycling revealed through analysis of long-term watershed records.Glob.Chang.Biol.17,297-308.
Jenkinson,A.F.,Collison,F.P.,1977.An initial climatology of gales over the North Sea.Synoptic Climatology Branch Memorandum.62.Meteorological Office,Bracknell.
Jeppesen,E.,Moss,B.,Bennion,H.,Carvalho,L.,De Meester,L.,Feuchtmayr,H.,et al.,2010.Interaction of Climate Change and Eutrophication.Wiley-Blackwell.
Jeppesen,E.,Kronvang,B.,Olesen,J.E.,Audet,J.,S?ndergaard,M.,Hoffmann,C.C.,et al.,2011.Climate change effects on nitrogen loading from cultivated catchments in Europe:implications for nitrogen retention,ecological state of lakes and adaptation.Hydrobiologia 663,1-21.
Jia,Y.,Dan,J.,Zhang,M.,Kong,F.,2013.Growth characteristics of algae during early stages of phytoplankton bloom in Lake Taihu,China.J.Environ.Sci.25,254-261.
Jiang,F.-q.,Hu,R.-J.,Wang,S.-P.,Zhang,Y.-W.,Tong,L.,2013.Trends of precipitation extremes during 1960-2008 in Xinjiang,the Northwest China.Theor.Appl.Climatol.111,133-148.
Jones,J.,Brett,M.T.,2014.Lake Nutrients,Eutrophication,and Climate Change,Global Environmental Change.Springer,pp.273-279.
Kanamitsu,M.,Ebisuzaki,W.,Woollen,J.,Yang,S.-K.,Hnilo,J.,Fiorino,M.,et al.,2002.Ncep-doe amip-ii reanalysis(r-2).Bull.Am.Meteorol.Soc.83,1631-1643.
Kosten,S.,Huszar,V.L.,Bécares,E.,Costa,L.S.,Donk,E.,Hansson,L.A.,et al.,2012.Warmer climates boost cyanobacterial dominance in shallow lakes.Glob.Chang.Biol.18,118-126.
Kravtsova,L.S.,Izhboldina,L.A.,Khanaev,I.V.,Pomazkina,G.V.,Rodionova,E.V.,Domysheva,V.M.,et al.,2014.Nearshore benthic blooms of filamentous green algae in Lake Baikal.J.Great Lakes Res.40,441-448.
Lamb,H.H.,1950.Types and spells of weather around the year in the British Isles.Q.J.Roy.Meteor.Soc.76,393-438.
Ling,H.,Xu,H.,Fu,J.,Zhang,Q.,Xu,X.,2012.Analysis of temporal-spatial variation characteristics of extreme air temperature in Xinjiang,China.Quat.Int.282,14-26.
Liu,J.,Rühland,K.M.,Chen,J.,Xu,Y.,Chen,S.,Chen,Q.,et al.,2017.Aerosol-weakened summer monsoons decrease lake fertilization on the Chinese Loess Plateau.Nat.Clim.Chang.7,190-194.
Lü,C.,Tian,H.,2007.Spatial and temporal patterns of nitrogen deposition in China:synthesis of observational data.J.Geophys.Res.Atmos.112.
Lu,X.,Song,S.,Lu,Y.,Wang,T.,Liu,Z.,Li,Q.,et al.,2017.Response of the phytoplankton community to water quality in a local alpine glacial lake of Xinjiang Tianchi,China:potential drivers and management implications.Environ.Sci.Proc.Impacts 19,1300-1311.
Ma,J.,Qin,B.,Wu,P.,Zhou,J.,Niu,C.,Deng,J.,et al.,2015.Controlling cyanobacterial blooms by managing nutrient ratio and limitation in a large hyper-eutrophic lake:Lake Taihu,China.J.Environ.Sci.27,80-86.
Moore,M.V.,Hampton,S.E.,Izmest'Eva,L.R.,Silow,E.A.,Peshkova,E.V.,Pavlov,B.K.,2009.Climate change and the world's“sacred sea”-Lake Baikal,Siberia.BioScience 59,405-417.
Moreno-Ostos,E.,Cruz-Pizarro,L.,Basanta,A.,George,D.G.,2009.The influence of wind-induced mixing on the vertical distribution of buoyant and sinking phytoplankton species.Aquat.Ecol.43,271-284.
Moss,B.,Kosten,S.,Meerhof,M.,Battarbee,R.,Jeppesen,E.,Mazzeo,N.,et al.,2011.Allied attack:climate change and eutrophication.Inland Waters 1,101-105.
O'Neil,J.M.,Davis,T.W.,Burford,M.A.,Gobler,C.J.,2012.The rise of harmful cyanobacteria blooms:the potential roles of eutrophication and climate change.Harmful Algae 14,313-334.
Paerl,H.W.,Paul,V.J.,2012.Climate change:links to global expansion of harmful cyanobacteria.Water Res.46,1349-1363.
Paerl,H.W.,Hall,N.S.,Calandrino,E.S.,2011a.Controlling harmful cyanobacterial blooms in a world experiencing anthropogenic and climatic-induced change.Sci.Total Environ.409,1739-1745.
Paerl,H.W.,Xu,H.,McCarthy,M.J.,Zhu,G.,Qin,B.,Li,Y.,et al.,2011b.Controlling harmful cyanobacterial blooms in a hyper-eutrophic lake(Lake Taihu,China):the need for a dual nutrient(N&P)management strategy.Water Res.45,1973-1983.
Sang,W.,2009.Plant diversity patterns and their relationships with soil and climatic factors along an altitudinal gradient in the middle Tianshan Mountain area,Xinjiang,China.Ecol.Res.24,303-314.
Schindler,D.W.,Hecky,R.E.,McCullough,G.K.,2012.The rapid eutrophication of Lake Winnipeg:greening under global change.J.Great Lakes Res.38(Suppl.3),6-13.
Shi,Y.,Shen,Y.,Kang,E.,Li,D.,Ding,Y.,Zhang,G.,et al.,2007.Recent and future climate change in northwest China.Clim.Chang.80,379-393.
Tanaka,T.,Sato,T.,Watanabe,K.,Wang,Y.,Yang,D.,Inoue,H.,et al.2013.Irrigation system and land use effect on surface water quality in river,at lake Dianchi,Yunnan,China.J.Environ.Sci.251107-1116.
Tao,H.,Borth,H.,Fraedrich,K.,Su,B.,Zhu,X.,2014.Drought and wetness variability in the Tarim River Basin and connection to large-scale atmospheric circulation.Int.J.Climatol.34,2678-2684.
Tian,H.,Xu,X.,Lu,C.,Liu,M.,Ren,W.,Chen,G.,et al.,2011.Net exchanges of CO2,CH4,and N2O between China's terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere and their contributions to global climate warming.J.Geophys.Res.Biogeosci.116.
Tian,C.,Pei,H.,Hu,W.,Xie,J.,2012.Variation of cyanobacteria with different environmental conditions in Nansi Lake,China.J.Environ.Sci.24,1394-1402.
Wang,X.-l.,Lu,Y.-l.,He,G.-z.,Han,J.-y.,Wang,T.-y.,2007.Exploration of relationships between phytoplankton biomass and related environmental variables using multivariate statistic analysis in a eutrophic shallow lake:a 5-year study.J.Environ.Sci.19,920-927.
Wang,B.,Zhang,M.,Wei,J.,Wang,S.,Li,S.,Ma,Q.,et al.,2013.Changes in extreme events of temperature and precipitation over Xinjiang,northwest China,during 1960-2009.Quat.Int.298,141-151.
Wang,Q.,Fan,X.,Wang,M.,2014.Recent warming amplification over high elevation regions across the globe.Clim.Dyn.43,87-101.
Wen,B.,Zhang,X.,Yang,Z.,Xiong,H.,Qiu,Y.,2016.Influence of tourist disturbance on soil properties,plant communities,and surface water quality in the Tianchi scenic area of Xinjiang,China.J.Arid Land 8,304-313.
Wu,T.,Qin,B.,Zhu,G.,Luo,L.,Ding,Y.,Bian,G.,2013.Dynamics of cyanobacterial bloom formation during short-term hydrodynamic fluctuation in a large shallow,eutrophic,and wind-exposed Lake Taihu,China.Environ.Sci.Pollut.Res.20,8546-8556.
Wu,P.,Gao,C.,Chen,F.,Yu,S.,2016.Response of organic carbon burial to trophic level changes in a shallow eutrophic lake in SEChina.J.Environ.Sci.46,220-228.
Yan,Z.,Yan,Z.,Liang,Y.,Xu,Z.,2012.Study of countermeasures for ecological restoration against the disaster of debris flows in scenic spots:taking Xinjiang Tianshan Mountain Tianchi Lake scenic spot as an example,biomedical engineering and biotechnology(iCBEB).2012 International Conference on.IEEE,pp.1712-1717.
Yang,L.,Lei,K.,Meng,W.,Fu,G.,Yan,W.,2013.Temporal and spatial changes in nutrients and chlorophyll-a in a shallow lake,Lake Chaohu,China:an 11-year investigation.J.Environ.Sci.25,1117-1123.
Yang,H.,Yu,R.H.,Guo,R.H.,Hao,Y.,Zhang,Y.J.,2014.Assessment of eutrophication in Wuliangsuhai Lake.Adv.Mater.Res.Trans Tech Publ.1098-1102.
Ye,C.,Shen,Z.,Zhang,T.,Fan,M.,Lei,Y.,Zhang,J.,2011.Long-term joint effect of nutrients and temperature increase on algal growth in Lake Taihu,China.J.Environ.Sci.23,222-227.
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Zhang,S.,Wang,L.,Ma,F.,Zhang,X.,Fu,D.,2016.Reducing nitrogen runoff from paddy fields with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under different fertilizer regimes.J.Environ.Sci.46,92-100.
Zhou,Q.,Chen,W.,Shan,K.,Zheng,L.,Song,L.,2014.Influence of sunlight on the proliferation of cyanobacterial blooms and its potential applications in Lake Taihu,China.J.Environ.Sci.26,626-635.
Zhu,G.,Qin,B.,Gao,G.,2005.Direct evidence of phosphorus outbreak release from sediment to overlying water in a large shallow lake caused by strong wind wave disturbance.Chin.Sci.Bull.50,577-582.
Zhu,M.Y.,Paerl,H.W.,Zhu,G.W.,Wu,T.F.,Li,W.,Shi,K.,et al.,2014.The role of tropical cyclones in stimulating cyanobacterial(Microcystis spp.)blooms in hypertrophic Lake Taihu,China.Harmful Algae 39,310-321.
Bhutiyani,M.,Kale,V.S.,Pawar,N.,2007.Long-term trends in maximum,minimum and mean annual air temperatures across the Northwestern Himalaya during the twentieth century.Clim.Chang.85,159-177.
Bhutiyani,M.,Kale,V.,Pawar,N.,2010.Climate change and the precipitation variations in the northwestern Himalaya:1866-2006.Int.J.Climatol.30,535-548.
Chen,D.,2000.A monthly circulation climatology for Sweden and its application to a winter temperature case study.Int.J.Climatol.20,1067-1076.
Chen,F.,Chen,J.,Holmes,J.,Boomer,I.,Austin,P.,Gates,J.B.,et al.,2010.Moisture changes over the last millennium in arid central Asia:a review,synthesis and comparison with monsoon region.Quat.Sci.Rev.29,1055-1068.
Chu,J.,Xia,J.,Xu,C.-Y.,Singh,V.,2010.Statistical downscaling of daily mean temperature,pan evaporation and precipitation for climate change scenarios in Haihe River,China.Theor.Appl.Climatol.99,149-161.
Deng,J.M.,Qin,B.Q.,Paerl,H.W.,Zhang,Y.L.,Ma,J.R.,Chen,Y.W.,2014.Earlier and warmer springs increase cyanobacterial(Microcystis spp.)blooms in subtropical Lake Taihu,China.Freshw.Biol.59,1076-1085.
Ding,J.,Cao,J.,Xu,Q.,Xi,B.,Su,J.,Gao,R.,et al.,2015.Spatial heterogeneity of lake eutrophication caused by physiogeographic conditions:an analysis of 143 lakes in China.J.Environ.Sci.30,140-147.
Dong,Z.,Pan,Z.,An,P.,Wang,L.,Zhang,J.,He,D.,et al.,2015.Anovel method for quantitatively evaluating agricultural vulnerability to climate change.Ecol.Indic.48,49-54.
Fu,K.Z.,Moe,B.,Li,X.-F.,Le,X.C.,2015.Cyanobacterial bloom dynamics in Lake Taihu.J.Environ.Sci.32,249-251.
Group,MRIEW,2015.Elevation-dependent warming in mountain regions of the world.Nat.Climate Change 5,424-430.
Harris,J.M.,Vinobaba,P.,Kularatne,R.K.A.,Kankanamge,C.E.,2016.Spatial and temporal distribution of cyanobacteria in Batticaloa Lagoon.J.Environ.Sci.47,211-218.
Huo,S.,Ma,C.,Xi,B.,Su,J.,Zan,F.,Ji,D.,et al.,2013.Establishing eutrophication assessment standards for four lake regions,China.J.Environ.Sci.25,2014-2022.
Jaagus,J.,2006.Climatic changes in Estonia during the second half of the 20th century in relationship with changes in large-scale atmospheric circulation.Theor.Appl.Climatol.83,77-88.
Jaagus,J.,Briede,A.,Rimkus,E.,Remm,K.,2010.Precipitation pattern in the Baltic countries under the influence of large-scale atmospheric circulation and local landscape factors.Int.J.Climatol.30,705-720.
Jack Brookshire,E.,Gerber,S.,Webster,J.R.,Vose,J.M.,Swank,W.T.,2011.Direct effects of temperature on forest nitrogen cycling revealed through analysis of long-term watershed records.Glob.Chang.Biol.17,297-308.
Jenkinson,A.F.,Collison,F.P.,1977.An initial climatology of gales over the North Sea.Synoptic Climatology Branch Memorandum.62.Meteorological Office,Bracknell.
Jeppesen,E.,Moss,B.,Bennion,H.,Carvalho,L.,De Meester,L.,Feuchtmayr,H.,et al.,2010.Interaction of Climate Change and Eutrophication.Wiley-Blackwell.
Jeppesen,E.,Kronvang,B.,Olesen,J.E.,Audet,J.,S?ndergaard,M.,Hoffmann,C.C.,et al.,2011.Climate change effects on nitrogen loading from cultivated catchments in Europe:implications for nitrogen retention,ecological state of lakes and adaptation.Hydrobiologia 663,1-21.
Jia,Y.,Dan,J.,Zhang,M.,Kong,F.,2013.Growth characteristics of algae during early stages of phytoplankton bloom in Lake Taihu,China.J.Environ.Sci.25,254-261.
Jiang,F.-q.,Hu,R.-J.,Wang,S.-P.,Zhang,Y.-W.,Tong,L.,2013.Trends of precipitation extremes during 1960-2008 in Xinjiang,the Northwest China.Theor.Appl.Climatol.111,133-148.
Jones,J.,Brett,M.T.,2014.Lake Nutrients,Eutrophication,and Climate Change,Global Environmental Change.Springer,pp.273-279.
Kanamitsu,M.,Ebisuzaki,W.,Woollen,J.,Yang,S.-K.,Hnilo,J.,Fiorino,M.,et al.,2002.Ncep-doe amip-ii reanalysis(r-2).Bull.Am.Meteorol.Soc.83,1631-1643.
Kosten,S.,Huszar,V.L.,Bécares,E.,Costa,L.S.,Donk,E.,Hansson,L.A.,et al.,2012.Warmer climates boost cyanobacterial dominance in shallow lakes.Glob.Chang.Biol.18,118-126.
Kravtsova,L.S.,Izhboldina,L.A.,Khanaev,I.V.,Pomazkina,G.V.,Rodionova,E.V.,Domysheva,V.M.,et al.,2014.Nearshore benthic blooms of filamentous green algae in Lake Baikal.J.Great Lakes Res.40,441-448.
Lamb,H.H.,1950.Types and spells of weather around the year in the British Isles.Q.J.Roy.Meteor.Soc.76,393-438.
Ling,H.,Xu,H.,Fu,J.,Zhang,Q.,Xu,X.,2012.Analysis of temporal-spatial variation characteristics of extreme air temperature in Xinjiang,China.Quat.Int.282,14-26.
Liu,J.,Rühland,K.M.,Chen,J.,Xu,Y.,Chen,S.,Chen,Q.,et al.,2017.Aerosol-weakened summer monsoons decrease lake fertilization on the Chinese Loess Plateau.Nat.Clim.Chang.7,190-194.
Lü,C.,Tian,H.,2007.Spatial and temporal patterns of nitrogen deposition in China:synthesis of observational data.J.Geophys.Res.Atmos.112.
Lu,X.,Song,S.,Lu,Y.,Wang,T.,Liu,Z.,Li,Q.,et al.,2017.Response of the phytoplankton community to water quality in a local alpine glacial lake of Xinjiang Tianchi,China:potential drivers and management implications.Environ.Sci.Proc.Impacts 19,1300-1311.
Ma,J.,Qin,B.,Wu,P.,Zhou,J.,Niu,C.,Deng,J.,et al.,2015.Controlling cyanobacterial blooms by managing nutrient ratio and limitation in a large hyper-eutrophic lake:Lake Taihu,China.J.Environ.Sci.27,80-86.
Moore,M.V.,Hampton,S.E.,Izmest'Eva,L.R.,Silow,E.A.,Peshkova,E.V.,Pavlov,B.K.,2009.Climate change and the world's“sacred sea”-Lake Baikal,Siberia.BioScience 59,405-417.
Moreno-Ostos,E.,Cruz-Pizarro,L.,Basanta,A.,George,D.G.,2009.The influence of wind-induced mixing on the vertical distribution of buoyant and sinking phytoplankton species.Aquat.Ecol.43,271-284.
Moss,B.,Kosten,S.,Meerhof,M.,Battarbee,R.,Jeppesen,E.,Mazzeo,N.,et al.,2011.Allied attack:climate change and eutrophication.Inland Waters 1,101-105.
O'Neil,J.M.,Davis,T.W.,Burford,M.A.,Gobler,C.J.,2012.The rise of harmful cyanobacteria blooms:the potential roles of eutrophication and climate change.Harmful Algae 14,313-334.
Paerl,H.W.,Paul,V.J.,2012.Climate change:links to global expansion of harmful cyanobacteria.Water Res.46,1349-1363.
Paerl,H.W.,Hall,N.S.,Calandrino,E.S.,2011a.Controlling harmful cyanobacterial blooms in a world experiencing anthropogenic and climatic-induced change.Sci.Total Environ.409,1739-1745.
Paerl,H.W.,Xu,H.,McCarthy,M.J.,Zhu,G.,Qin,B.,Li,Y.,et al.,2011b.Controlling harmful cyanobacterial blooms in a hyper-eutrophic lake(Lake Taihu,China):the need for a dual nutrient(N&P)management strategy.Water Res.45,1973-1983.
Sang,W.,2009.Plant diversity patterns and their relationships with soil and climatic factors along an altitudinal gradient in the middle Tianshan Mountain area,Xinjiang,China.Ecol.Res.24,303-314.
Schindler,D.W.,Hecky,R.E.,McCullough,G.K.,2012.The rapid eutrophication of Lake Winnipeg:greening under global change.J.Great Lakes Res.38(Suppl.3),6-13.
Shi,Y.,Shen,Y.,Kang,E.,Li,D.,Ding,Y.,Zhang,G.,et al.,2007.Recent and future climate change in northwest China.Clim.Chang.80,379-393.
Tanaka,T.,Sato,T.,Watanabe,K.,Wang,Y.,Yang,D.,Inoue,H.,et al.2013.Irrigation system and land use effect on surface water quality in river,at lake Dianchi,Yunnan,China.J.Environ.Sci.251107-1116.
Tao,H.,Borth,H.,Fraedrich,K.,Su,B.,Zhu,X.,2014.Drought and wetness variability in the Tarim River Basin and connection to large-scale atmospheric circulation.Int.J.Climatol.34,2678-2684.
Tian,H.,Xu,X.,Lu,C.,Liu,M.,Ren,W.,Chen,G.,et al.,2011.Net exchanges of CO2,CH4,and N2O between China's terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere and their contributions to global climate warming.J.Geophys.Res.Biogeosci.116.
Tian,C.,Pei,H.,Hu,W.,Xie,J.,2012.Variation of cyanobacteria with different environmental conditions in Nansi Lake,China.J.Environ.Sci.24,1394-1402.
Wang,X.-l.,Lu,Y.-l.,He,G.-z.,Han,J.-y.,Wang,T.-y.,2007.Exploration of relationships between phytoplankton biomass and related environmental variables using multivariate statistic analysis in a eutrophic shallow lake:a 5-year study.J.Environ.Sci.19,920-927.
Wang,B.,Zhang,M.,Wei,J.,Wang,S.,Li,S.,Ma,Q.,et al.,2013.Changes in extreme events of temperature and precipitation over Xinjiang,northwest China,during 1960-2009.Quat.Int.298,141-151.
Wang,Q.,Fan,X.,Wang,M.,2014.Recent warming amplification over high elevation regions across the globe.Clim.Dyn.43,87-101.
Wen,B.,Zhang,X.,Yang,Z.,Xiong,H.,Qiu,Y.,2016.Influence of tourist disturbance on soil properties,plant communities,and surface water quality in the Tianchi scenic area of Xinjiang,China.J.Arid Land 8,304-313.
Wu,T.,Qin,B.,Zhu,G.,Luo,L.,Ding,Y.,Bian,G.,2013.Dynamics of cyanobacterial bloom formation during short-term hydrodynamic fluctuation in a large shallow,eutrophic,and wind-exposed Lake Taihu,China.Environ.Sci.Pollut.Res.20,8546-8556.
Wu,P.,Gao,C.,Chen,F.,Yu,S.,2016.Response of organic carbon burial to trophic level changes in a shallow eutrophic lake in SEChina.J.Environ.Sci.46,220-228.
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