稳定性氮肥配合秸秆还田对水稻产量及N_2O和CH_4排放的影响
|
摘要
以中国科学院辽宁沈阳农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站连续两年的试验平台为依托,以潮棕壤为供试土壤,开展了稳定性氮肥配合秸秆还田对水稻产量及N_2O和CH_4排放的影响研究,设置对照(CK)、尿素(U)、尿素+脲酶抑制剂+硝化抑制剂(U+I)、秸秆还田(S)、秸秆还田+尿素(S+U)、秸秆还田+尿素+脲酶抑制剂+硝化抑制剂(S+U+I)6个处理.结果表明:与CK相比,尿素显著提高了水稻产量、N_2O和CH_4累积排放及全球增温潜势.硝化抑制剂和脲酶抑制剂与尿素配施可显著减缓N_2O的累积排放.秸秆还田显著增加了N_2O和CH_4累积排放、全球增温潜势和温室气体排放强度.S+U+I处理水稻产量最高,但温室气体排放强度也显著高于其他处理;U+I处理产量略低于S+U+I,但温室气体排放强度最小.秸秆单独还田处理作物产量与对照相比无显著差异.在东北潮棕壤发育的水田中,S+U+I和U+I是相对较优的施肥模式.
Based on a two-year field experiment located at Shenyang Applied Ecological Experiment Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences, we examined the effects of stabilized N fertilizer combined with straw returning on rice yield and emission of N_2O and CH_4 in aquic brown soil. Six treatments were set up, i.e. control(CK), urea(U), urea+urease inhibitor+nitrification inhibitor(U+I), straw(S), straw+urea(S+U), straw+urea+ urease inhibitor+nitrification inhibitor(S+U+I). The results showed that urea application increased rice yield, cumulative N_2O and CH_4 emission, and global warming potential. The treatment of U+I significantly mitigated cumulative N_2O emission. Returning rice straw to the field significantly increased cumulative N_2O emission, cumulative CH_4 emission, global warming potential, and greenhouse gas emission intensity. The S+U+I treatment had the highest rice yield and greenhouse gas emission intensity. U+I treatment had the the second highest rice yield and the lowest greenhouse gas emission intensity. Rice yield in the S treatment showed no significant difference with CK. Our results indicated that S+U+I and U+I are relatively better agricultural strategies compared with other treatments in paddy fields on aquic soil.
Based on a two-year field experiment located at Shenyang Applied Ecological Experiment Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences, we examined the effects of stabilized N fertilizer combined with straw returning on rice yield and emission of N_2O and CH_4 in aquic brown soil. Six treatments were set up, i.e. control(CK), urea(U), urea+urease inhibitor+nitrification inhibitor(U+I), straw(S), straw+urea(S+U), straw+urea+ urease inhibitor+nitrification inhibitor(S+U+I). The results showed that urea application increased rice yield, cumulative N_2O and CH_4 emission, and global warming potential. The treatment of U+I significantly mitigated cumulative N_2O emission. Returning rice straw to the field significantly increased cumulative N_2O emission, cumulative CH_4 emission, global warming potential, and greenhouse gas emission intensity. The S+U+I treatment had the highest rice yield and greenhouse gas emission intensity. U+I treatment had the the second highest rice yield and the lowest greenhouse gas emission intensity. Rice yield in the S treatment showed no significant difference with CK. Our results indicated that S+U+I and U+I are relatively better agricultural strategies compared with other treatments in paddy fields on aquic soil.
引文
[1] Guo T-F (郭腾飞), Liang G-Q (梁国庆), Zhou W (周卫), et al. Effect of fertilizer management on greenhouse gas emission and nutrient status in paddy soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer (植物营养与肥料学报), 2016, 22(2): 337-345 (in Chinese)
[2] National Bureau of Statistics of China (中华人民共和国国家统计局). China Statistical Yearbook. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2018 (in Chinese)
[3] Ma Y-Q (马艳芹), Qian C-C (钱晨晨), Sun D-P (孙丹平), et al. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on greenhouse gas emissions from soil in paddy field. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (农业工程学报), 2016, 32(S2): 128-134 (in Chinese)
[4] He F (贺非), Ma Y-H (马友华), Yang S-Y (杨书运), et al. Effects of different fertilization techniques on the emission of methane and nitrous oxide from single cropping rice. Journal of Agro-Environment Science (农业环境科学学报), 2013, 32(10): 2093-2098 (in Chinese)
[5] Ma Y-H (马义虎), Gu D-J (顾道健), Liu L-J (刘立军), et al. Effects of the organic fertilizers made from maize straw on grain yield of rice and emission of greenhouse gases from paddy fields. Chinese Journal of Rice Science (中国水稻科学), 2013, 27(5): 520-528 (in Chinese)
[6] Hong C-L (洪春来), Wei Y-Z (魏幼璋), Huang J-F (黄锦法), et al. Effects of total crop straw return on soil fertility and field ecological environment. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences) (浙江大学学报: 农业与生命科学版), 2003, 29(6): 627-633 (in Chinese)
[7] Lao X-R (劳秀荣), Sun W-H (孙伟红), Wang Z (王真), et al. Effect of maching use of straw and chemical fertilizer on soil fertility. Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报), 2003, 40(4): 618-623 (in Chinese)
[8] Velthof GL, Kuikman PJ, Oenema O. Nitrous oxide emission from soils amended with crop residues. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2002, 62: 249-261
[9] Zhang D-X (张电学), Han Z-Q (韩志卿), Liu W (刘微), et al. Biological effect of maize stalk return to field directly under different accretion decay conditions. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science (植物营养与肥料学报), 2005, 11(6): 742-749 (in Chinese)
[10] Ji J-M (季加敏), Yu Y (喻瑶), Lu X (陆星), et al. The effects and mechanism of fertilizer additives on reduction of N2O emission. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science (植物营养与肥料学报), 2012, 18(6): 1434-1440 (in Chinese)
[11] Feng X-Y (冯晓赟), Wan P (万鹏), Li J (李洁), et al. Effects of straw returning combined with nitrogen fertilizer on paddy soil carbon sequestration and green-house-gas emission in central south region of China. Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment (农业资源与环境学报), 2016, 33(6): 508-517 (in Chinese)
[12] Marchesan E, Grohs M, Walter M, et al. Agronomic performance of rice to the use of urease inhibitor in two cropping systems. Revista Ciência Agron?mica, 2013, 44: 594-603
[13] Wu Z-J (武志杰), Shi Y-L (石元亮), Li D-P (李东坡), et al. The development and outlook of stabilized fertilizers. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer (植物营养与肥料学报), 2017, 23(6): 1614-1621 (in Chinese)
[14] Linquist BA, Liu LJ, van Kessel C, et al. Enhanced efficiency nitrogen fertilizers for rice systems: Meta-analysis of yield and nitrogen uptake. Field Crops Research, 2013, 154: 246-254
[15] Sun X-X (孙祥鑫), Li D-P (李东坡), Wu Z-J (武志杰), et al. Characteristics of ammonia volatilization and nitrous oxide emission from a paddy soil under continuous application of different slow/controlled release urea. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2016, 27(6): 1901-1909 (in Chinese)
[16] Zhang W-X (张文学), Yang C-C (杨成春), Wang S-X (王少先), et al. Effects of urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor on nitrogen transformation in paddy soil. Chinese Journal of Rice Science (中国水稻科学), 2017, 31(4): 417-424 (in Chinese)
[17] Zhao Z (赵峥), Zhou D-P (周德平), Chu C-B (褚长彬), et al. Impacts of different fertilization and straw returning measures on the loss of carbon and nitrogen in rice-wheat rotation system. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation (水土保持学报), 2018, 32(3): 36-41 (in Chinese)
[18] Gong Z-P (龚振平), Yan S-S (颜双双), Yan C (闫超), et al. Effect of rice straw retention and temperature on methane emission in rice field in cold region. Journal of Northeast Agricultural University (东北农业大学学报), 2015, 46(12): 8-15 (in Chinese)
[19] Ding WX, Chen ZM, Yu HY, et al. Nitrous oxide emission and nitrogen use efficiency in response to nitrophosphate, N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide and dicyandiamide of a wheat cultivated soil under sub-humid monsoon conditions. Biogeosciences, 2015, 12: 803-815
[20] Li JL, Li Y, Wan YF, et al. Combination of modified nitrogen fertilizers and water saving irrigation can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase rice yield. Geoderma, 2018, 315: 1-10
[21] Xie Y-Q (谢义琴), Zhang J-F (张建峰), Jiang H-M (姜慧敏), et al. Effects of different fertilization practices on greenhouse gas emissions from paddy soil. Journal of Agro-Environment Science (农业环境科学学报), 2015, 34(3): 578-584 (in Chinese)
[22] Guo C (郭晨), Xu Z-W (徐正伟), Wang B (王斌), et al. Effects of slow/controlled release urea on annual CH4 and N2O emissions in paddy field. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2016, 27(5): 1489-1495 (in Chinese)
[23] Juan Y-H (隽英华), Chen L-J (陈利军), Wu Z-J (武志杰), et al. Effect of urease and nitrification inhibitor on soil-N transformation. Chinese Journal of Soil Science (土壤通报), 2007, 38(4): 773-780 (in Chinese)
[24] Gioacchini P, Nastri A, Marzadori C, et al. Influence of urease and nitrification inhibitors on N losses from soils fertilized with urea. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2002, 36: 129-135
[25] Wang G-L (王改玲), Hao M-D (郝明德), Chen D-L (陈德立). Effect of stubble incorporation and nitrogen fertilization on denitrification and nitrous oxide emission in an irrigated maize soil. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science (植物营养与肥料学报), 2006, 12(6): 840-844 (in Chinese)
[26] Wang H (王虎), Wang X-D (王旭东), Tian X-H (田宵鸿). Effect of straw-returning on the storage and distribution of different active fractions of soil organic carbon. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2014, 25(12): 3491-3498 (in Chinese)
[27] Huang G-H (黄国宏), Li Y-X (李玉祥), Chen G-X (陈冠雄), et al. Influence of environmental factors on CH4 emission from reed wetland. Environmental Science (环境科学), 2001, 22(1): 1-5 (in Chinese)
[28] Wang J (王娟), Xiong Y-S (熊又升), Xu X-Y (徐祥玉), et al. Effect of temperature and soil reducing matter on CH4 flux from cold waterlogged paddy field. Hubei Agricultural Sciences (湖北农业科学), 2014, 53(14): 3260-3264 (in Chinese)
[29] Xu H (徐华), Cai Z-C (蔡祖聪), Li X-P (李小平), et al. Effect of land management in winter crop season on seasonal variations of CH4 emissions from rice paddy soils. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2000, 11(2): 215-218 (in Chinese)
[2] National Bureau of Statistics of China (中华人民共和国国家统计局). China Statistical Yearbook. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2018 (in Chinese)
[3] Ma Y-Q (马艳芹), Qian C-C (钱晨晨), Sun D-P (孙丹平), et al. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on greenhouse gas emissions from soil in paddy field. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (农业工程学报), 2016, 32(S2): 128-134 (in Chinese)
[4] He F (贺非), Ma Y-H (马友华), Yang S-Y (杨书运), et al. Effects of different fertilization techniques on the emission of methane and nitrous oxide from single cropping rice. Journal of Agro-Environment Science (农业环境科学学报), 2013, 32(10): 2093-2098 (in Chinese)
[5] Ma Y-H (马义虎), Gu D-J (顾道健), Liu L-J (刘立军), et al. Effects of the organic fertilizers made from maize straw on grain yield of rice and emission of greenhouse gases from paddy fields. Chinese Journal of Rice Science (中国水稻科学), 2013, 27(5): 520-528 (in Chinese)
[6] Hong C-L (洪春来), Wei Y-Z (魏幼璋), Huang J-F (黄锦法), et al. Effects of total crop straw return on soil fertility and field ecological environment. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences) (浙江大学学报: 农业与生命科学版), 2003, 29(6): 627-633 (in Chinese)
[7] Lao X-R (劳秀荣), Sun W-H (孙伟红), Wang Z (王真), et al. Effect of maching use of straw and chemical fertilizer on soil fertility. Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报), 2003, 40(4): 618-623 (in Chinese)
[8] Velthof GL, Kuikman PJ, Oenema O. Nitrous oxide emission from soils amended with crop residues. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2002, 62: 249-261
[9] Zhang D-X (张电学), Han Z-Q (韩志卿), Liu W (刘微), et al. Biological effect of maize stalk return to field directly under different accretion decay conditions. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science (植物营养与肥料学报), 2005, 11(6): 742-749 (in Chinese)
[10] Ji J-M (季加敏), Yu Y (喻瑶), Lu X (陆星), et al. The effects and mechanism of fertilizer additives on reduction of N2O emission. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science (植物营养与肥料学报), 2012, 18(6): 1434-1440 (in Chinese)
[11] Feng X-Y (冯晓赟), Wan P (万鹏), Li J (李洁), et al. Effects of straw returning combined with nitrogen fertilizer on paddy soil carbon sequestration and green-house-gas emission in central south region of China. Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment (农业资源与环境学报), 2016, 33(6): 508-517 (in Chinese)
[12] Marchesan E, Grohs M, Walter M, et al. Agronomic performance of rice to the use of urease inhibitor in two cropping systems. Revista Ciência Agron?mica, 2013, 44: 594-603
[13] Wu Z-J (武志杰), Shi Y-L (石元亮), Li D-P (李东坡), et al. The development and outlook of stabilized fertilizers. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer (植物营养与肥料学报), 2017, 23(6): 1614-1621 (in Chinese)
[14] Linquist BA, Liu LJ, van Kessel C, et al. Enhanced efficiency nitrogen fertilizers for rice systems: Meta-analysis of yield and nitrogen uptake. Field Crops Research, 2013, 154: 246-254
[15] Sun X-X (孙祥鑫), Li D-P (李东坡), Wu Z-J (武志杰), et al. Characteristics of ammonia volatilization and nitrous oxide emission from a paddy soil under continuous application of different slow/controlled release urea. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2016, 27(6): 1901-1909 (in Chinese)
[16] Zhang W-X (张文学), Yang C-C (杨成春), Wang S-X (王少先), et al. Effects of urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor on nitrogen transformation in paddy soil. Chinese Journal of Rice Science (中国水稻科学), 2017, 31(4): 417-424 (in Chinese)
[17] Zhao Z (赵峥), Zhou D-P (周德平), Chu C-B (褚长彬), et al. Impacts of different fertilization and straw returning measures on the loss of carbon and nitrogen in rice-wheat rotation system. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation (水土保持学报), 2018, 32(3): 36-41 (in Chinese)
[18] Gong Z-P (龚振平), Yan S-S (颜双双), Yan C (闫超), et al. Effect of rice straw retention and temperature on methane emission in rice field in cold region. Journal of Northeast Agricultural University (东北农业大学学报), 2015, 46(12): 8-15 (in Chinese)
[19] Ding WX, Chen ZM, Yu HY, et al. Nitrous oxide emission and nitrogen use efficiency in response to nitrophosphate, N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide and dicyandiamide of a wheat cultivated soil under sub-humid monsoon conditions. Biogeosciences, 2015, 12: 803-815
[20] Li JL, Li Y, Wan YF, et al. Combination of modified nitrogen fertilizers and water saving irrigation can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase rice yield. Geoderma, 2018, 315: 1-10
[21] Xie Y-Q (谢义琴), Zhang J-F (张建峰), Jiang H-M (姜慧敏), et al. Effects of different fertilization practices on greenhouse gas emissions from paddy soil. Journal of Agro-Environment Science (农业环境科学学报), 2015, 34(3): 578-584 (in Chinese)
[22] Guo C (郭晨), Xu Z-W (徐正伟), Wang B (王斌), et al. Effects of slow/controlled release urea on annual CH4 and N2O emissions in paddy field. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2016, 27(5): 1489-1495 (in Chinese)
[23] Juan Y-H (隽英华), Chen L-J (陈利军), Wu Z-J (武志杰), et al. Effect of urease and nitrification inhibitor on soil-N transformation. Chinese Journal of Soil Science (土壤通报), 2007, 38(4): 773-780 (in Chinese)
[24] Gioacchini P, Nastri A, Marzadori C, et al. Influence of urease and nitrification inhibitors on N losses from soils fertilized with urea. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2002, 36: 129-135
[25] Wang G-L (王改玲), Hao M-D (郝明德), Chen D-L (陈德立). Effect of stubble incorporation and nitrogen fertilization on denitrification and nitrous oxide emission in an irrigated maize soil. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science (植物营养与肥料学报), 2006, 12(6): 840-844 (in Chinese)
[26] Wang H (王虎), Wang X-D (王旭东), Tian X-H (田宵鸿). Effect of straw-returning on the storage and distribution of different active fractions of soil organic carbon. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2014, 25(12): 3491-3498 (in Chinese)
[27] Huang G-H (黄国宏), Li Y-X (李玉祥), Chen G-X (陈冠雄), et al. Influence of environmental factors on CH4 emission from reed wetland. Environmental Science (环境科学), 2001, 22(1): 1-5 (in Chinese)
[28] Wang J (王娟), Xiong Y-S (熊又升), Xu X-Y (徐祥玉), et al. Effect of temperature and soil reducing matter on CH4 flux from cold waterlogged paddy field. Hubei Agricultural Sciences (湖北农业科学), 2014, 53(14): 3260-3264 (in Chinese)
[29] Xu H (徐华), Cai Z-C (蔡祖聪), Li X-P (李小平), et al. Effect of land management in winter crop season on seasonal variations of CH4 emissions from rice paddy soils. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2000, 11(2): 215-218 (in Chinese)