我国洞穴旅游从业者安全认知研究
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摘要
安全是洞穴旅游的生命线,是洞穴旅游活动正常开展的前提和保障。国内外多数洞穴旅游安全事故多起因于旅游从业者和游客自身安全认知欠缺。由于洞穴旅游从业者直接面对游客,是洞穴旅游安全事故的"第一道防火墙",因此,从洞穴旅游从业者的角度对洞穴旅游安全认知进行研究就显得尤为重要。本文对我国17个旅游洞穴从业者的旅游安全认知开展问卷调查,运用统计分析和灰色关联分析对洞穴旅游从业者的安全认知及其差异进行分析,得到以下结论:(1)我国洞穴旅游从业者的总体安全认知度较高;(2)我国洞穴旅游从业者安全管理认知存在一定差异;(3)不同属性的洞穴旅游从业者安全认知度存在一定差异;(4)不同洞穴旅游从业者的安全认知度存在一定差异。基于洞穴旅游从业者的安全认知,可采取如下措施提高洞穴旅游安全管理水平:加强对洞穴旅游从业者的安全教育培训,提高安全意识;提升洞穴旅游景区(点)的安全管理水平,增强执行力度;建立健全洞穴旅游安全控制、预警和救援制度,切实保障旅游。
Karst cave security is basic prerequisite and guarantee for normal development of cave tourism activities. Throughout the majority of domestic and foreign cave tourism safety accidents, most of them are due to tourism practitioners and visitors who are lack of safety cognition and short of tourism risk prevention ability. To improve the level of cave tourism safety management and reduce the probability of accident, it is of great importance to promote the tourism safety cognition for the tourists, tourism practitioners, cave tourism managers and the relevant administrative departments. As cave tourism practitioners directly face the tourists at a site, and they are "the first firewall" to the cave accident that might happen, it is hence important to study cave tourism safety cognition from the perspective of cave tourism practitioners. This paper selected 17 caves in China which have been opened to tourist as the research examples. Through on-the-spotinvestigation and entrusted investigation and by performing statistical, gray correlation and variance analyses to analyse cave tourism practitioners' safety cognition and their differences. The main conclusions are as follows:(1) Cave tourism practitioners' safety cognition degree is higher in the country.(2) There are some differences in the safety management cognition of cave tourism practitioners in our country.(3) There are some differences in safety cognition degree among cave tourism practitioners with different attributes.(4) There are some obvious differences in different caves of tourism practitioners' safety cognition degree. Based on these conclusions, we propose the following measures to improve the level of cave tourism safety management. They are strengthening safety education and training for cave tourism practitioners, improving the safety awareness enhancing safety management level at cave tourism scenic spots, strengthening the measure implementation, establishing and improving the safety control, early warning and rescue system of cave tourism and effectively guarantee tourism.
Karst cave security is basic prerequisite and guarantee for normal development of cave tourism activities. Throughout the majority of domestic and foreign cave tourism safety accidents, most of them are due to tourism practitioners and visitors who are lack of safety cognition and short of tourism risk prevention ability. To improve the level of cave tourism safety management and reduce the probability of accident, it is of great importance to promote the tourism safety cognition for the tourists, tourism practitioners, cave tourism managers and the relevant administrative departments. As cave tourism practitioners directly face the tourists at a site, and they are "the first firewall" to the cave accident that might happen, it is hence important to study cave tourism safety cognition from the perspective of cave tourism practitioners. This paper selected 17 caves in China which have been opened to tourist as the research examples. Through on-the-spotinvestigation and entrusted investigation and by performing statistical, gray correlation and variance analyses to analyse cave tourism practitioners' safety cognition and their differences. The main conclusions are as follows:(1) Cave tourism practitioners' safety cognition degree is higher in the country.(2) There are some differences in the safety management cognition of cave tourism practitioners in our country.(3) There are some differences in safety cognition degree among cave tourism practitioners with different attributes.(4) There are some obvious differences in different caves of tourism practitioners' safety cognition degree. Based on these conclusions, we propose the following measures to improve the level of cave tourism safety management. They are strengthening safety education and training for cave tourism practitioners, improving the safety awareness enhancing safety management level at cave tourism scenic spots, strengthening the measure implementation, establishing and improving the safety control, early warning and rescue system of cave tourism and effectively guarantee tourism.
引文
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[3] 曹翔,杨晓霞,李溪,等.中国旅游洞穴景区(点)的统计分析[J].中国岩溶,2017,36(2):264-274.
[4] 蒙歆媛,杨晓霞,向旭,等.国内外洞穴旅游安全研究综述[J].中国岩溶,2015,34(05):529-537.
[5] 王连勇.试论洞穴探险与洞穴观光旅游的人身安全管理[C]//陈伟海,朱德浩,朱学稳.洞穴探测、研究、开发与保护:全国洞穴学术会议论文选集(一).北京:地质出版社,2008:397-404.
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[11] 席建超,刘浩龙,齐晓波,等.旅游地安全风险评估模式研究:以国内10条重点探险旅游线路为例[J].山地学报,2007,25(3):370-375.
[2] 刘传华,张捷,曹靖,等.层次分析和模糊数学方法在我国岩溶洞穴旅游资源综合评判中的应用[J].中国岩溶,2008,27(2):189-196.
[3] 曹翔,杨晓霞,李溪,等.中国旅游洞穴景区(点)的统计分析[J].中国岩溶,2017,36(2):264-274.
[4] 蒙歆媛,杨晓霞,向旭,等.国内外洞穴旅游安全研究综述[J].中国岩溶,2015,34(05):529-537.
[5] 王连勇.试论洞穴探险与洞穴观光旅游的人身安全管理[C]//陈伟海,朱德浩,朱学稳.洞穴探测、研究、开发与保护:全国洞穴学术会议论文选集(一).北京:地质出版社,2008:397-404.
[6] 郑向敏.旅游安全概论[M].北京:中国旅游出版社,2009.
[7] 张一.旅游安全认知:内涵、结构及相关变量[J].资源开发与市场,2011,27(12):1139-1142.
[8] 张红坡.SPSS统计分析实用宝典[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2012.
[9] 邓聚龙.灰理论基础[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2002.
[10] 徐建华.现代地理学中的数学方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002.
[11] 席建超,刘浩龙,齐晓波,等.旅游地安全风险评估模式研究:以国内10条重点探险旅游线路为例[J].山地学报,2007,25(3):370-375.