黑龙江中游乌苏里白鲑资源现状评估
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摘要
为了解乌苏里白鲑资源状况,2013—2017年在黑龙江中游水域的7个调查点采集了953尾乌苏里白鲑(Coregonus ussuriensis Berg)样本。叉长范围为148～588 mm,体重范围为109.0～2854.9 g。根据体长股分析法(LCA)评估了乌苏里白鲑资源量,采用BervertonHolt动态综合模型预测资源变化趋势。结果表明:乌苏里白鲑种群自然死亡系数、总死亡系数和捕捞死亡系数分别为0.284 a~(-1)、0.476 a~(-1)和0.192 a~(-1),当前的开发率为0.403;乌苏里白鲑的年均资源尾数为6.89×10~6尾,年均资源量为5463.89 t,初始资源量6867.07 t;从相对单位补充量渔获量和生物量来看,目前乌苏里白鲑渔业资源利用较为充分,尚未过度捕捞;人为因素导致栖息环境条件的恶化是乌苏里白鲑资源下降的主要原因;为了乌苏里白鲑资源的可持续利用,需采取必要措施减轻人类活动对鱼类的影响,如栖息地修复,增加开捕(体)叉长等。
To obtain an understanding of the resource status of Coregonus ussuriensis,953 samples were collected at seven stations located in the middle reaches of Amur River basin in 2013-2017. The range of fork length and body weight was 148-588 mm and 109.0-2854.9 g,respectively. Stock biomass was estimated by length-based cohort analysis( LCA),while population dynamics was evaluated by Beverton-Holt dynamic model. The results showed that the natural mortality coefficient,total mortality coefficient,and fishing mortality coefficient was 0.284 a~(-1),0.476 a~(-1) and 0.192 a~(-1),respectively. The current exploitation rate was 0.403. The average stock number and biomass of C. ussuriensis in the middle reaches of Amur River was 6.89×10~6 individuals and 5463.89 t,respectively. The initial stock biomass was 6867.07 t. Results from the analysis of relative yield per recruit and biomass per recruit showed that the exploitation of C. ussuriensis resources is relatively sufficient,with no overfishing. Population decline of C. ussuriensis was mainly attributed to anthropogenic deterioration of habitat. To achieve sustainable utilization of C.ussuriensis resources and mitigate the impacts of human activities on fish stocks,regulation of harvest needs to be implemented,such as habitat restoration,increasing minimum length limits and so on.
To obtain an understanding of the resource status of Coregonus ussuriensis,953 samples were collected at seven stations located in the middle reaches of Amur River basin in 2013-2017. The range of fork length and body weight was 148-588 mm and 109.0-2854.9 g,respectively. Stock biomass was estimated by length-based cohort analysis( LCA),while population dynamics was evaluated by Beverton-Holt dynamic model. The results showed that the natural mortality coefficient,total mortality coefficient,and fishing mortality coefficient was 0.284 a~(-1),0.476 a~(-1) and 0.192 a~(-1),respectively. The current exploitation rate was 0.403. The average stock number and biomass of C. ussuriensis in the middle reaches of Amur River was 6.89×10~6 individuals and 5463.89 t,respectively. The initial stock biomass was 6867.07 t. Results from the analysis of relative yield per recruit and biomass per recruit showed that the exploitation of C. ussuriensis resources is relatively sufficient,with no overfishing. Population decline of C. ussuriensis was mainly attributed to anthropogenic deterioration of habitat. To achieve sustainable utilization of C.ussuriensis resources and mitigate the impacts of human activities on fish stocks,regulation of harvest needs to be implemented,such as habitat restoration,increasing minimum length limits and so on.
引文
董崇智,唐富江,赵春刚,等.2005.黑龙江中游乌苏里白鲑捕捞群体结构研究.东北农业大学学报,36(2):204-209.
费鸿年,张诗全.1990.水产资源学.北京:中国科学技术出版社.
解玉浩.2007.东北地区淡水鱼类.沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社.
李培伦,刘伟,王继隆,等.2015.黑龙江乌苏里白鲑的个体繁殖力.中国水产科学,22(6):1234-1242.
梁丽群,常玉梅,董崇智.2004.黑龙江乌苏里白鲑遗传多样性分析.中国水产科学,11(6):501-505.
吕军,汪雪格,刘伟,等.2017a.松花江流域主要干支流纵向连通性与鱼类生境.水资源保护,33(6):155-159,174.
吕军,汪雪格,王彦梅,等.2017b.松花江流域河湖连通性及其生态环境影响.东北水利水电,(11):45-47.
马彪.2011.航电枢纽工程建设对水生生物及渔业资源的影响---以依兰航电枢纽为例.黑龙江环境通报,35(2):23-25.
尼科尔斯基.1960.黑龙江流域鱼类.北京:科学出版社.
田辉伍,段辛斌,熊星,等.2013.长江上游长薄鳅生长和种群参数的估算.长江流域资源与环境,22(10):1305-1312.
田辉伍,岳兴建,陈大庆,等.2012.怒江东方墨头鱼资源量和死亡参数的估算.生态学杂志,31(1):235-240.
王生,罗宏伟,田辉伍,等.2014.长江上游异鳔鳅鮀种群资源现状.淡水渔业,44(4):35-40.
吴斌,方春林,贺刚,等.2013.Fi SAT II软件支持下的体长股分析法探讨.南方水产科学,9(4):94-98.
吴金明,娄必云,赵海涛,等.2011.赤水河鱼类资源量的初步估算.水生态学杂志,32(3):99-103.
杨富亿,阎百兴,王强,等.2015.松花江下游鱼类资源评估.湿地科学,13(1):87-97.
詹秉义.1995.渔业资源评估.北京:中国农业出版社.
张魁,陈作志,邱永松.2016.北部湾二长棘犁齿鲷生长、死亡和性成熟参数的年际变化.南方水产科学,12(6):9-16.
张觉民.1995.黑龙江省鱼类志.哈尔滨:黑龙江科技出版社.
赵帅,赵文阁,刘鹏.2011.松花江干流嫩江至同江段鱼类物种资源调查.农学学报,(8):53-57.
朱国平,宋旗.2016.运用脂褐素鉴定甲壳类年龄的研究进展.生态学杂志,35(8):2225-2233.
Beverton RJH,Holt SJ.1959.A review of the life span and mortality rates of fish in nature,and their relation to growth and other physiological characteristics.CIBA Foundation Colloquia on Ageing,5:142-180.
Gayanilo F,Pauly D.1997.The FAO-ICLARM stock assessment tools(Fi SAT)Reference Manual.Rome:FAO Computerized Information Series(Fisheries),8:262.
Gayanilo F,Sparre P,Pauly D.2005.The FAO-ICLARM stock assessment tools II(User’s Guide)(Fi SAT II).Rome:FAO Computerized Information Series(Fisheries),8.
Gulland JA.1983.Fish Stock Assessment:A Manual of Basic Methods.New York:Wiley Online Library.
Hoenig J,Csirke J,Sanders MJ,et al.1987.Data acquisition for length-based stock assessment:Report of Working Group I.Journal of Scientific Conference Proceedings,13:343-352.
Jones R.1984.Assessing the Effects of Changes in Exploitation Pattern Using Length Composition Data.Rome:FAO Fisheries Technical Paper.
Pauly D,Soriano ML.1986.Some practical extensions to Beverton and Holt’s relative yield-per-recruit model//Maclean JL,Dizon L B,Hosillo LV.The first Asian fisheries forum.Manila:Asian Fisheries Society Press:491-496.
Sparre P,Willmann R.1992.BEAM 4:A bioeconomic multispecies,multi-fleet,multi-plant,multi-area extension of the traditional forecast model.Copenhagen:ICES,Statistical Committee.
Voulgaridou P,Stergiou K.2003.Trends in various biological parameters of the European sardine,Sardina pilchardus(Walbaum,1792)in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea.Scientia Marina,67:269-280.
Yu DM,Ma B,Sun YH,et al.2010.Isolation and characterization of 16 microsatellite loci in an endangered fish Ussuri cisco,Coregonus usssruensis.Conservation Genetics,11:1107-1109.
费鸿年,张诗全.1990.水产资源学.北京:中国科学技术出版社.
解玉浩.2007.东北地区淡水鱼类.沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社.
李培伦,刘伟,王继隆,等.2015.黑龙江乌苏里白鲑的个体繁殖力.中国水产科学,22(6):1234-1242.
梁丽群,常玉梅,董崇智.2004.黑龙江乌苏里白鲑遗传多样性分析.中国水产科学,11(6):501-505.
吕军,汪雪格,刘伟,等.2017a.松花江流域主要干支流纵向连通性与鱼类生境.水资源保护,33(6):155-159,174.
吕军,汪雪格,王彦梅,等.2017b.松花江流域河湖连通性及其生态环境影响.东北水利水电,(11):45-47.
马彪.2011.航电枢纽工程建设对水生生物及渔业资源的影响---以依兰航电枢纽为例.黑龙江环境通报,35(2):23-25.
尼科尔斯基.1960.黑龙江流域鱼类.北京:科学出版社.
田辉伍,段辛斌,熊星,等.2013.长江上游长薄鳅生长和种群参数的估算.长江流域资源与环境,22(10):1305-1312.
田辉伍,岳兴建,陈大庆,等.2012.怒江东方墨头鱼资源量和死亡参数的估算.生态学杂志,31(1):235-240.
王生,罗宏伟,田辉伍,等.2014.长江上游异鳔鳅鮀种群资源现状.淡水渔业,44(4):35-40.
吴斌,方春林,贺刚,等.2013.Fi SAT II软件支持下的体长股分析法探讨.南方水产科学,9(4):94-98.
吴金明,娄必云,赵海涛,等.2011.赤水河鱼类资源量的初步估算.水生态学杂志,32(3):99-103.
杨富亿,阎百兴,王强,等.2015.松花江下游鱼类资源评估.湿地科学,13(1):87-97.
詹秉义.1995.渔业资源评估.北京:中国农业出版社.
张魁,陈作志,邱永松.2016.北部湾二长棘犁齿鲷生长、死亡和性成熟参数的年际变化.南方水产科学,12(6):9-16.
张觉民.1995.黑龙江省鱼类志.哈尔滨:黑龙江科技出版社.
赵帅,赵文阁,刘鹏.2011.松花江干流嫩江至同江段鱼类物种资源调查.农学学报,(8):53-57.
朱国平,宋旗.2016.运用脂褐素鉴定甲壳类年龄的研究进展.生态学杂志,35(8):2225-2233.
Beverton RJH,Holt SJ.1959.A review of the life span and mortality rates of fish in nature,and their relation to growth and other physiological characteristics.CIBA Foundation Colloquia on Ageing,5:142-180.
Gayanilo F,Pauly D.1997.The FAO-ICLARM stock assessment tools(Fi SAT)Reference Manual.Rome:FAO Computerized Information Series(Fisheries),8:262.
Gayanilo F,Sparre P,Pauly D.2005.The FAO-ICLARM stock assessment tools II(User’s Guide)(Fi SAT II).Rome:FAO Computerized Information Series(Fisheries),8.
Gulland JA.1983.Fish Stock Assessment:A Manual of Basic Methods.New York:Wiley Online Library.
Hoenig J,Csirke J,Sanders MJ,et al.1987.Data acquisition for length-based stock assessment:Report of Working Group I.Journal of Scientific Conference Proceedings,13:343-352.
Jones R.1984.Assessing the Effects of Changes in Exploitation Pattern Using Length Composition Data.Rome:FAO Fisheries Technical Paper.
Pauly D,Soriano ML.1986.Some practical extensions to Beverton and Holt’s relative yield-per-recruit model//Maclean JL,Dizon L B,Hosillo LV.The first Asian fisheries forum.Manila:Asian Fisheries Society Press:491-496.
Sparre P,Willmann R.1992.BEAM 4:A bioeconomic multispecies,multi-fleet,multi-plant,multi-area extension of the traditional forecast model.Copenhagen:ICES,Statistical Committee.
Voulgaridou P,Stergiou K.2003.Trends in various biological parameters of the European sardine,Sardina pilchardus(Walbaum,1792)in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea.Scientia Marina,67:269-280.
Yu DM,Ma B,Sun YH,et al.2010.Isolation and characterization of 16 microsatellite loci in an endangered fish Ussuri cisco,Coregonus usssruensis.Conservation Genetics,11:1107-1109.
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