采笋管理政策对马边大风顶自然保护区大熊猫生境恢复的作用
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摘要
为了评估采笋管理政策对马边大风顶自然保护区大熊猫生境恢复的作用,2018年9月对保护区内采笋管理区域和保护区外围保护带的未管理区域进行了野外调查,对比分析采笋管理区域与未管理区域大熊猫主食竹——八月竹(Chimonobambusa szechuanensis)的生长状况以及森林植被特征。结果显示:1)采笋管理区域的竹笋株高与数量明显大于未管理区域的相关指标(p <0. 05),竹笋基径,成竹株高无明显差异。2)采笋管理区域乔木胸径,乔木树高,灌木层盖度大于未管理区域,且差异显著(p <0. 05)。可见,采笋管理政策对马边大风顶自然保护区大熊猫主食竹的恢复产生正面作用,而连续采笋不仅影响了大熊猫主食竹的生长,也在改变大熊猫生境的森林植被特征。为了更好的保护当地大熊猫的生存,保护区实行科学的采笋管理政策是有效的,建议在其他保护区推广。
In order to estimate the effects of the controlling policy of collecting bamboo shoots on the panda habitat recovery in Mabian Dafengding Nature Reserve,a field survey was carried out to compare the growth and vegetation community structure of Chimonobambusa szechuanensis in the controlling area of collecting bamboo shoots with those in the outer unmanaged protection area in September 2018. Chimonobambusa szechuanensis was the main food of giant pandas. The results showed that 1) the height and number of bamboo shoots,the basal diameter and quantity of bamboo in the controlling collecting bamboo shoots areas were significantly higher than those in the unmanaged area(p < 0. 05),the base diameter of bamboo shoots,the height of bamboo showed no significant difference. 2) the DBH and height of trees,the cover degree of shrub layer in the controlling collecting bamboo shoots areas were greater than those in the unmanaged areas(p < 0. 05). Thus it could be seen that the controlling collecting bamboo shoots policy had a positive effect on the recovery of the main food bamboo of giant pandas in the Mabian Dafengding nature reserve. Continuous bamboo shoots collecting not only affected the growth of bamboo,but also changed the vegetation structure characteristics of the giant panda habitat. For better to protect the giant pandas in Mabian Dafengding Nature Reserve,the conservation areas were effective to implement scientific management policy on controlling collecting bamboo shoots,which should be recommended in other conservation areas.
In order to estimate the effects of the controlling policy of collecting bamboo shoots on the panda habitat recovery in Mabian Dafengding Nature Reserve,a field survey was carried out to compare the growth and vegetation community structure of Chimonobambusa szechuanensis in the controlling area of collecting bamboo shoots with those in the outer unmanaged protection area in September 2018. Chimonobambusa szechuanensis was the main food of giant pandas. The results showed that 1) the height and number of bamboo shoots,the basal diameter and quantity of bamboo in the controlling collecting bamboo shoots areas were significantly higher than those in the unmanaged area(p < 0. 05),the base diameter of bamboo shoots,the height of bamboo showed no significant difference. 2) the DBH and height of trees,the cover degree of shrub layer in the controlling collecting bamboo shoots areas were greater than those in the unmanaged areas(p < 0. 05). Thus it could be seen that the controlling collecting bamboo shoots policy had a positive effect on the recovery of the main food bamboo of giant pandas in the Mabian Dafengding nature reserve. Continuous bamboo shoots collecting not only affected the growth of bamboo,but also changed the vegetation structure characteristics of the giant panda habitat. For better to protect the giant pandas in Mabian Dafengding Nature Reserve,the conservation areas were effective to implement scientific management policy on controlling collecting bamboo shoots,which should be recommended in other conservation areas.
引文
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[2]全国第四次大熊猫调查结果公布.国家林业局. 2015-02-28.
[3]王玉君,李玉杰,张晋东.气候变化对大熊猫影响的研究进展[J].野生动物学报,2018,39(3):709~715.
[4]胡锦矗,王昌琼.凉山山系大熊猫食性研究[J].四川师范学院学报(自然科学版),1993,14(4):290~295
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[6]王逸之,董文渊,尚旭东.大熊猫主食竹种研究综述[J].内蒙古林业调查设计,2010,33(1):94~97,124.
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[8]李亚军,蔡琼,刘雪华,等.海拔对大熊猫主食竹结构、营养及大熊猫季节性分布的影响[J].兽类学报,2016,36(1):24~35.
[9]韩菡.野生大熊猫对原始林和次生林生境的选择[J].防护林科技,2018,(8):61~63.
[10]段利娟,康东伟,王小蓉,等.王朗自然保护区大熊猫原始林与次生林的生境利用比较研究[J].生物学杂志,2014,(3):49~51.
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[14]黄金燕,李文静,刘巅,等.卧龙自然保护区人工种植大熊猫可食竹环境适应性初步研究[J].世界竹藤通讯,2 018,16(5):20~24.
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[16]冯志儒.马边大风顶自然保护区大熊猫生境适宜性评价[D].东北林业大学,2015.
[17]魏辅文,周昂胡锦矗,等.马边大风顶自然保护区大熊猫对生境的选择[J],兽类学报,1996,16(4):241~245.
[18] Liu X,Skidmore A K,Wang T,et al. Giant Panda movement patterns in the Foping Nature Reserve,China[J]. Journal of Wildlife Management,2002,66(4):1179~1188.
[19] Li H,Wei F,Wang Z,et al. Nutritive and energetic strategy of giant pandas in Xiangling Mountains[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2000,300(2):553~563.
[20]李爽.四川省小河沟自然保护区大熊猫生境利用研究[D].北京林业大学,2018.
[21]杨渺,欧阳志云,徐卫华,等.卧龙大熊猫潜在适宜生境及实际利用生境评价[J].四川农业大学学报,2017(1):116~123.
[22]张蒙.基于森林环境的大熊猫主食竹种群动力学研究[D].北京林业大学,2016.
[23]谷祥卉.道路对四川省保护区大熊猫及其栖息地的影响[D].贵州师范大学,2017.
[24]宋经纬.大熊猫生境适宜度评价方法的改进与应用研究[D].中国科学院大学,2015
[25] Yun L,Yi R,Hui J. The taxonomic studies on the bamboo as the main food of giant panda from Mt. Qinling[J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-occidentalia Sinica,2003,23(1):127~129.
[26]洪明生,王继成,杨旭煜,等.原始林与次生林中大熊猫微生境结构的比较[J].西华师范大学学报:自然科学版,2012,33(4):356~361.
[27]冯斌.林冠遮阴与海拔对大熊猫主食竹生长发育、适口性和营养成分的影响[D].四川农业大学,2016.
[28] Hull V,Roloff G,Zhang J,et al. A synthesis of giant panda habitat selection[J]. Ursus,2014,25(2):148~162.
[29] Zhang Z J. Old-growth forest is what giant pandas really need.[J]. Biology Letters,2011,7(3):403.
[2]全国第四次大熊猫调查结果公布.国家林业局. 2015-02-28.
[3]王玉君,李玉杰,张晋东.气候变化对大熊猫影响的研究进展[J].野生动物学报,2018,39(3):709~715.
[4]胡锦矗,王昌琼.凉山山系大熊猫食性研究[J].四川师范学院学报(自然科学版),1993,14(4):290~295
[5]刘明冲,杨晓军,张清宇,等.卧龙自然保护区2013年大熊猫主食竹监测分析报告[J].四川林业科技,2014,35(4):45~47.
[6]王逸之,董文渊,尚旭东.大熊猫主食竹种研究综述[J].内蒙古林业调查设计,2010,33(1):94~97,124.
[7]王光磊,周材权.森林砍伐对马边大熊猫主食竹大叶筇竹生长的影响[J].西华师范大学学报:自然科学版,2012,33(2):131~134.
[8]李亚军,蔡琼,刘雪华,等.海拔对大熊猫主食竹结构、营养及大熊猫季节性分布的影响[J].兽类学报,2016,36(1):24~35.
[9]韩菡.野生大熊猫对原始林和次生林生境的选择[J].防护林科技,2018,(8):61~63.
[10]段利娟,康东伟,王小蓉,等.王朗自然保护区大熊猫原始林与次生林的生境利用比较研究[J].生物学杂志,2014,(3):49~51.
[11]白文科,张晋东,董鑫,等.卧龙自然保护区大熊猫空间利用格局动态变化特征[J].兽类学报,2017,37(4):327~335.
[12]康东伟.大熊猫的生境选择研究[D].北京林业大学,2015.
[13]刘香东,黄荣澄,冉江洪,等.采笋对大熊猫主食竹八月竹竹笋生长的影响[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(11):2139~2145.
[14]黄金燕,李文静,刘巅,等.卧龙自然保护区人工种植大熊猫可食竹环境适应性初步研究[J].世界竹藤通讯,2 018,16(5):20~24.
[15]罗朝阳.美姑大风顶自然保护区人工林对大熊猫主食竹的影响分析[J].绿色科技,2017,(14):203~204.
[16]冯志儒.马边大风顶自然保护区大熊猫生境适宜性评价[D].东北林业大学,2015.
[17]魏辅文,周昂胡锦矗,等.马边大风顶自然保护区大熊猫对生境的选择[J],兽类学报,1996,16(4):241~245.
[18] Liu X,Skidmore A K,Wang T,et al. Giant Panda movement patterns in the Foping Nature Reserve,China[J]. Journal of Wildlife Management,2002,66(4):1179~1188.
[19] Li H,Wei F,Wang Z,et al. Nutritive and energetic strategy of giant pandas in Xiangling Mountains[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2000,300(2):553~563.
[20]李爽.四川省小河沟自然保护区大熊猫生境利用研究[D].北京林业大学,2018.
[21]杨渺,欧阳志云,徐卫华,等.卧龙大熊猫潜在适宜生境及实际利用生境评价[J].四川农业大学学报,2017(1):116~123.
[22]张蒙.基于森林环境的大熊猫主食竹种群动力学研究[D].北京林业大学,2016.
[23]谷祥卉.道路对四川省保护区大熊猫及其栖息地的影响[D].贵州师范大学,2017.
[24]宋经纬.大熊猫生境适宜度评价方法的改进与应用研究[D].中国科学院大学,2015
[25] Yun L,Yi R,Hui J. The taxonomic studies on the bamboo as the main food of giant panda from Mt. Qinling[J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-occidentalia Sinica,2003,23(1):127~129.
[26]洪明生,王继成,杨旭煜,等.原始林与次生林中大熊猫微生境结构的比较[J].西华师范大学学报:自然科学版,2012,33(4):356~361.
[27]冯斌.林冠遮阴与海拔对大熊猫主食竹生长发育、适口性和营养成分的影响[D].四川农业大学,2016.
[28] Hull V,Roloff G,Zhang J,et al. A synthesis of giant panda habitat selection[J]. Ursus,2014,25(2):148~162.
[29] Zhang Z J. Old-growth forest is what giant pandas really need.[J]. Biology Letters,2011,7(3):403.
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