种植年限对栽培苦参土壤理化性质的影响
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摘要
选用不同生育时期(返青期、越冬期)不同种植年限(一、二、三年)苦参土样为材料,研究种植年限、生育时期对栽培苦参土壤理化性质的影响.结果表明,随着种植年限的增加,土壤速效、全效养分含量为一年生>三年生>二年生,有极显著差异;有机质含量随着种植年限的增加呈逐年下降趋势,存在极显著差异;容重先下降后趋于稳定;除了三年生pH值返青期低于越冬期外,其余返青期均高于越冬期.根据第二次土壤普查土壤养分分级标准,不同时期不同种植年限苦参土壤中有机质、全氮、全磷的含量均处于低至中下水平(5～4级),有效磷、全钾处于中上至高水平(3～2级),碱解氮含量处于低水平(5级),速效钾含量处于中下水平(4级).
Soil samples of different growth periods(green period, overwintering period)and different planting years(one, two, three years)of Sophora flavescens were selected to study the effects of planting years and growing period on their physical and chemical properties. With the increase of planting years, there were significant differences in the contents of available and total nutrients between annual > and three-year > two-year plant durations. The organic matter decreased year by year with the increase of planting years, and there were significant differences. Bulk density first decreased and then stabilized. The pH value of the three-year green period was lower than the overwintering period, with the remainer being higher than during the overwintering period. According to the soil nutrient classification standards of the second soil census, the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the soil of sophora flavescens at different periods and different planting years were all at the low to middle levels(level 5～4), effective phosphorus and total potassium in upper middle to high level(level 3～2), the alkali solution nitrogen content in the low level(level 5), and available k content in the middle and lower level(level 4).
Soil samples of different growth periods(green period, overwintering period)and different planting years(one, two, three years)of Sophora flavescens were selected to study the effects of planting years and growing period on their physical and chemical properties. With the increase of planting years, there were significant differences in the contents of available and total nutrients between annual > and three-year > two-year plant durations. The organic matter decreased year by year with the increase of planting years, and there were significant differences. Bulk density first decreased and then stabilized. The pH value of the three-year green period was lower than the overwintering period, with the remainer being higher than during the overwintering period. According to the soil nutrient classification standards of the second soil census, the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the soil of sophora flavescens at different periods and different planting years were all at the low to middle levels(level 5～4), effective phosphorus and total potassium in upper middle to high level(level 3～2), the alkali solution nitrogen content in the low level(level 5), and available k content in the middle and lower level(level 4).
引文
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[2]黄志杰,俞小平.常用中药性味功能速查手册[M].武汉:湖北科学技术出版社,2002.
[3]内蒙古卫生厅.内蒙古蒙药材标准[M].赤峰:内蒙古科学技术出版社,1987:436.
[4]郑艳敏,李轩,赵红艳,等.苦参碱和氧化苦参碱对SMMC-7721细胞增殖及Stat3,Stat5基因表达的影响[J].中国中药杂志,2008,33(19):2234-2237.
[5]王俊梅,豆卫,杨自芳,等.苦参碱对草地蝗虫种群密度的控制效果[J].草原与草坪,2008(6):66-68.
[6]张淑红,周宝利,张磊,等.土壤添加蛇床子(Cnidium monnieri)和苦参(Sophora flavescens)对茄子黄萎病及根际微生物的化感影响[J].生态学报,2008,28(10):5194-5199.
[7]骆东奇,白洁,谢德体.论土壤肥力评价指标和方法[J].土壤与环境,2002,11(2):202-205.
[8]刘科鹏,黄春辉,冷建华,等.猕猴桃园土壤养分与果实品质的多元分析[J].果树学报,2012,29(6):1047-1051.
[9]徐爱春,陈庆红,顾霞.猕猴桃不同果园土壤和叶片营养状况分析[J].中国土壤与肥料,2011(5):53-56.
[10]刘文国,赵强,王锋,等.猕猴桃园土壤养分环境状况的研究[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(25):88-92.
[11]杜静静.不同种植年限果园土壤理化性质与酶活性研究[D].临汾:山西师范大学,2013.
[12]高微微,赵杨景,王玉萍,等.我国药用植物栽培地的可持续利用研究[J].中国中药杂志,2006,31(20):1665-1669.
[13]Fierer N,Lauber C L,Ramirez K S,et al.Comparative metagenomic,phylogenetic and physiological analyses of soil microbial communities across nitrogen gradients[J].ISME Journal,2012,6(5):1007-1017.
[14]Qin S H,Yeboah S,Xu X X,et al.Analysis on fungal diversity in rhizosphere soil of continuous cropping potato subjected to different furrow-ridge mulching managements[J].QqqFrontiers in Microbiology,2017,8:845.
[15]She S,Niu J,Zhang C,et al.Significant relationship between soil bacterial community structure and incidence of bacterial wilt disease under continuous cropping system[J].Archives of Microbiology,2017,199(2):267-275.
[16]杜静静,张永清,马大龙,等.不同种植年限苹果园土壤理化性质与酶活性研究[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(34):90-95.
[17]王静,呼丽萍,李昶,等.种植年限对樱桃园与土壤养分和酶活性的影响[J].水土保持通报,2013,33(4):155-158,165.
[18]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京,中国农业出版社,2016.
[19]朱海云,柯杨,李勃,等.种植年限对猕猴桃园土壤养分、酶活性的影响[J].中国农学通报,2018,34(22):97-102.
[20]康婷婷,张晓佳,陈竹君,等.秦岭北麓猕猴桃园土壤养分状况研究--以周至县余家河小流域为例[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)2015,43(11):159-164.
[21]王颖,许广波,刘文利.苹果梨园土壤酶活性初报[J].土壤通报,2005,36(3):383-386.