断层泥剪切力学行为与应变软化特征研究
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摘要
探究断层泥力学行为是研究断裂带工程地质效应的基础,以延安神道沟断裂带断层泥为对象,借助颗粒分析、X射线衍射等微观测试手段研究了3种颜色断层泥的组构特征,并通过环剪试验分析了不同含水率条件下重塑断层泥的力学行为。研究结果表明:单峰型粒径曲线的断层泥级配明显优于双峰型,石英、云母和长石为主要的非黏土矿物,黏土矿物则以伊利石和高岭石为主,赤铁矿与绿泥石的相对含量是造成断层泥颜色差异的主要原因;受含水率和粗颗粒含量的影响,断层泥应变软化特征显著,应变软化随着含水率增大呈现先增强后减弱的变化规律,当含水率小于塑限含水率时,应变软化特征则随着粗颗粒含量升高而趋弱;内摩擦角是影响应变软化特征的主要力学指标,峰值内摩擦角和残余内摩擦角均与含水率呈负相关;矿物含量影响内摩擦角的变化,在5%和10%含水率条件下,内摩擦角随非黏土矿物含量的升高而增大。
Exploring the mechanical behavior of fault gouge is the basis of studying the engineering geology effects of fault zone. Taking the gouges of Shendaogou Fault in Yan'an as an object,the fabric characteristics of three color fault gouges are studied with particle analysis and X-ray diffraction( XRD). In addition,the mechanical behavior of remolded fault gouges under different water contents are analyzed with ring shear test. The results show that the gradation curve with single peak of fault gouge particle is significantly better than that with double-peaks. Quartz,mica and feldspar are the main non-clay minerals,while illite and kaolinite are the main clay minerals. The color difference of fault gouge is brought by the relative content of hematite and chloriter. The strain softening characteristics of fault gouge are mainly affected by water content and coarse particle content. The strain softening is first strengthened and then weakened with the increase of water content. When the water content is less than the plastic limit,the strain softening characteristics weaken with the increase of coarse particle content. Internal friction angle( φ) is the main mechanical parameter affecting strain softening characteristics. Peak internal friction angle and residual internal friction angle are negatively correlated with water content. The variation of φ is influenced by the mineral composition,which indicates that φ increases with the increase of non-clay mineral under 5% and 10%water content.
Exploring the mechanical behavior of fault gouge is the basis of studying the engineering geology effects of fault zone. Taking the gouges of Shendaogou Fault in Yan'an as an object,the fabric characteristics of three color fault gouges are studied with particle analysis and X-ray diffraction( XRD). In addition,the mechanical behavior of remolded fault gouges under different water contents are analyzed with ring shear test. The results show that the gradation curve with single peak of fault gouge particle is significantly better than that with double-peaks. Quartz,mica and feldspar are the main non-clay minerals,while illite and kaolinite are the main clay minerals. The color difference of fault gouge is brought by the relative content of hematite and chloriter. The strain softening characteristics of fault gouge are mainly affected by water content and coarse particle content. The strain softening is first strengthened and then weakened with the increase of water content. When the water content is less than the plastic limit,the strain softening characteristics weaken with the increase of coarse particle content. Internal friction angle( φ) is the main mechanical parameter affecting strain softening characteristics. Peak internal friction angle and residual internal friction angle are negatively correlated with water content. The variation of φ is influenced by the mineral composition,which indicates that φ increases with the increase of non-clay mineral under 5% and 10%water content.
引文
Chao H T,Deng Q D,Li J L,et al.2001.Study on active faults in quaternary unconsolidated sediments by microstructural method[J].Earthquake Research in China,17(4):349-355．
Chen W W,Lin G C,Liu W,et al.2016.Physical and mechanical properties of weathered green and red mudstones[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,35(12):2572-2582．
Gautam T P,Shakoor A.2013.Slaking behavior of clay-bearing rocks during a one-year exposure to natural climatic conditions[J].Engineering Geology,166:17-25．
Geng N G,Yao X X,Chen Y.1985.Primary study on mechanical properties of the gouge for five large faults in China[J].Earthquake Research in China,1(4):60-65．
Huang Z Q,Wu C,Bi L Y,et al.2017.Experimental study on influencing factors of dynamic shear module and damping ratio of fault gouge[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,25(1):50-57．
Li B X,Deng J H.2011.Experimental study of physicmechanical properties of fault materials from Shenxigou rupture of Longmenshan fault[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,30(S1):2653-2660．
Liu B,Nie D X.2006.Study on relation between strength parameter and water content of gouge[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,28(12):2164-2167．
Liu D,Chen X P.2014.Laboratory test and parameter back analysis of residual strength of slip zone soils[J].Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition),42(2):81-87．
Lu Z,He C R.2018.Friction of foliated fault gouge with a biotite interlayer at hydrothermal conditions[J].Tectonophysics,740:72-92．
Morrow C A,Moore D E,Lockner D A.2000.The effect of mineral bond strength and adsorbed water on fault gouge frictional strength[J].Geophysical Research Letters,27(6):815-818．
Morrow C,Shi L Q,Byerlee J.1982.Permeability and strength of San Andreas fault gouge under high pressure[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,19(2):27-28．
Numelin T,Marone C,Kirby E.2007.Frictional properties of natural fault gouge from a low-angle normal fault,Panamint Valley,California[J].Tectonics,26(2):TC2004．
Rempe M,Smith S,Mitchell T,et al.2017.The effect of water on strain localization in calcite fault gouge sheared at seismic slip rates[J].Journal of Structural Geology,97:104-117．
Sassa K,Fukuoka H,Wang G H,et al.2004.Undrained dynamic-loading ring-shear apparatus and its application to landslide dynamics[J].Landslides,1:7-19．
Scholz C H.1987.Wear and gouge formation in brittle faulting[J].Geology,15(6):493-495．
Uehara S I,Shimamoto T.2004.Gas permeability evolution of cataclasite and fault gouge in triaxial compression and implications for changes in fault-zone permeability structure through the earthquake cycle[J].Tectonophysics,378(3-4):183-195．
Wang P F,Tan W H,Ma X W,et al.2019.Relationship between strength parameter and water content of fault gouge with different degrees of consolidation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,40(5):1657-1662．
Xu C S,Wang X,Du X L,et al.2017.Experimental study on residual strength and index of shear strength characteristics of different clay soils[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,39(3):436-443．
Zhang L,He C R.2014.Frictional properties of clay minerals and their effect on fault behavior[J].Progress in Geophysics,29(2):620-629．
Zhang X,Wang Y S.2017.Activities of Xiaojiang fault zone in Baihetan hydropower station reservoir[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,25(2):531-540．
Zhou R G,Cheng B F,Gao Y S,et al.1998.Relationship between creep behavior of fault gouge and its water contents[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,6(3):217-222．
晁洪太，邓起东，李家灵，等．2001．第四纪松散沉积物中活断层滑动面的显微构造研究方法[J]．中国地震，17(4):349-355．
谌文武，林高潮，刘伟，等．2016．全风化灰绿色及红色泥岩物理力学性质对比研究[J]．岩石力学与工程学报，35(12):2572-2582．
耿乃光，姚孝新，陈顒．1985．中国5条断裂断层泥力学性质的初步研究[J]．中国地震，1(4):60-65．
黄志全，吴超，毕理毅，等．2017．断层泥动剪切模量和阻尼比影响因素试验研究[J]．工程地质学报，25(1):50-57．
李碧雄，邓建辉．2011．龙门山断裂带深溪沟段断层物质的物理力学性质试验研究[J]．岩石力学与工程学报，30(S1):2653-2660．
刘彬，聂德新．2006．断层泥强度参数与含水率关系研究[J]．岩土工程学报，28(12):2164-2167．
刘动，陈晓平．2014．滑带土残余强度的室内试验与参数反分析[J]．华南理工大学学报(自然科学版)，42(2):81-87．
王鹏飞，谭文辉，马学文，等．2019．不同胶结度断层泥强度参数与含水率关系[J]．岩土力学，40(5):1657-1662．
许成顺，王馨，杜修力，等．2017．不同黏性土的残余强度及其抗剪强度指标特性研究[J]．岩土工程学报，39(3):436-443．
张雷，何昌荣．2014．黏土矿物的摩擦滑动特性及对断层力学性质的影响[J]．地球物理学进展，29(2):620-629．
张欣，王运生．2017．白鹤滩水电站库区小江断裂带活动性研究[J]．工程地质学报，25(2):531-540．
周瑞光，成彬芳，高玉生，等．1998．断层泥蠕变特性与含水量的关系研究[J]．工程地质学报，6(3):217-222.
Chen W W,Lin G C,Liu W,et al.2016.Physical and mechanical properties of weathered green and red mudstones[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,35(12):2572-2582．
Gautam T P,Shakoor A.2013.Slaking behavior of clay-bearing rocks during a one-year exposure to natural climatic conditions[J].Engineering Geology,166:17-25．
Geng N G,Yao X X,Chen Y.1985.Primary study on mechanical properties of the gouge for five large faults in China[J].Earthquake Research in China,1(4):60-65．
Huang Z Q,Wu C,Bi L Y,et al.2017.Experimental study on influencing factors of dynamic shear module and damping ratio of fault gouge[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,25(1):50-57．
Li B X,Deng J H.2011.Experimental study of physicmechanical properties of fault materials from Shenxigou rupture of Longmenshan fault[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,30(S1):2653-2660．
Liu B,Nie D X.2006.Study on relation between strength parameter and water content of gouge[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,28(12):2164-2167．
Liu D,Chen X P.2014.Laboratory test and parameter back analysis of residual strength of slip zone soils[J].Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition),42(2):81-87．
Lu Z,He C R.2018.Friction of foliated fault gouge with a biotite interlayer at hydrothermal conditions[J].Tectonophysics,740:72-92．
Morrow C A,Moore D E,Lockner D A.2000.The effect of mineral bond strength and adsorbed water on fault gouge frictional strength[J].Geophysical Research Letters,27(6):815-818．
Morrow C,Shi L Q,Byerlee J.1982.Permeability and strength of San Andreas fault gouge under high pressure[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,19(2):27-28．
Numelin T,Marone C,Kirby E.2007.Frictional properties of natural fault gouge from a low-angle normal fault,Panamint Valley,California[J].Tectonics,26(2):TC2004．
Rempe M,Smith S,Mitchell T,et al.2017.The effect of water on strain localization in calcite fault gouge sheared at seismic slip rates[J].Journal of Structural Geology,97:104-117．
Sassa K,Fukuoka H,Wang G H,et al.2004.Undrained dynamic-loading ring-shear apparatus and its application to landslide dynamics[J].Landslides,1:7-19．
Scholz C H.1987.Wear and gouge formation in brittle faulting[J].Geology,15(6):493-495．
Uehara S I,Shimamoto T.2004.Gas permeability evolution of cataclasite and fault gouge in triaxial compression and implications for changes in fault-zone permeability structure through the earthquake cycle[J].Tectonophysics,378(3-4):183-195．
Wang P F,Tan W H,Ma X W,et al.2019.Relationship between strength parameter and water content of fault gouge with different degrees of consolidation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,40(5):1657-1662．
Xu C S,Wang X,Du X L,et al.2017.Experimental study on residual strength and index of shear strength characteristics of different clay soils[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,39(3):436-443．
Zhang L,He C R.2014.Frictional properties of clay minerals and their effect on fault behavior[J].Progress in Geophysics,29(2):620-629．
Zhang X,Wang Y S.2017.Activities of Xiaojiang fault zone in Baihetan hydropower station reservoir[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,25(2):531-540．
Zhou R G,Cheng B F,Gao Y S,et al.1998.Relationship between creep behavior of fault gouge and its water contents[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,6(3):217-222．
晁洪太，邓起东，李家灵，等．2001．第四纪松散沉积物中活断层滑动面的显微构造研究方法[J]．中国地震，17(4):349-355．
谌文武，林高潮，刘伟，等．2016．全风化灰绿色及红色泥岩物理力学性质对比研究[J]．岩石力学与工程学报，35(12):2572-2582．
耿乃光，姚孝新，陈顒．1985．中国5条断裂断层泥力学性质的初步研究[J]．中国地震，1(4):60-65．
黄志全，吴超，毕理毅，等．2017．断层泥动剪切模量和阻尼比影响因素试验研究[J]．工程地质学报，25(1):50-57．
李碧雄，邓建辉．2011．龙门山断裂带深溪沟段断层物质的物理力学性质试验研究[J]．岩石力学与工程学报，30(S1):2653-2660．
刘彬，聂德新．2006．断层泥强度参数与含水率关系研究[J]．岩土工程学报，28(12):2164-2167．
刘动，陈晓平．2014．滑带土残余强度的室内试验与参数反分析[J]．华南理工大学学报(自然科学版)，42(2):81-87．
王鹏飞，谭文辉，马学文，等．2019．不同胶结度断层泥强度参数与含水率关系[J]．岩土力学，40(5):1657-1662．
许成顺，王馨，杜修力，等．2017．不同黏性土的残余强度及其抗剪强度指标特性研究[J]．岩土工程学报，39(3):436-443．
张雷，何昌荣．2014．黏土矿物的摩擦滑动特性及对断层力学性质的影响[J]．地球物理学进展，29(2):620-629．
张欣，王运生．2017．白鹤滩水电站库区小江断裂带活动性研究[J]．工程地质学报，25(2):531-540．
周瑞光，成彬芳，高玉生，等．1998．断层泥蠕变特性与含水量的关系研究[J]．工程地质学报，6(3):217-222.
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