浙闽山地丘陵区地形因子对土地利用格局的影响分析:以福建省永泰县为例
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摘要
地形因子不仅控制土地利用分布格局,而且对区域生态建设及土地可持续利用具有重要影响。选取高程、坡度和地形起伏度3个地形因子,以福建省永泰县为例探究了浙闽山地丘陵区不同地形因子对土地利用格局的影响,结果表明:(1)居住地、工矿交通用地、耕地、园地、水域在高程小于500 m、坡度小于25°的区域呈优势分布,地类间竞争激烈,应合理布局5种地类关系;林地和草地主要分布在高程大于750 m、坡度大于35°的生态脆弱区,应重点考虑生态保育。(2)低山丘陵和河谷平原地带受人类生产生活影响,斑块类型复杂,异质性较高;山地丘陵和边缘山区地带由于自然生态系统占据优势位,斑块形状规则,连通性较强;Pearson相关性分析表明,地形因子与景观格局指数之间存在显著相关性。(3)山地丘陵对土地利用格局具有重要空间限制性,在对其进行开发利用时,需要根据各地类在不同地形条件下的分布规律进行合理安排与协调,才能实现土地资源的可持续利用。
Terrain factors not only control the distribution patterns of land use but also have important impact on regional ecological construction and sustainable land use. Taking Yongtai County of Fujian Province as an example,three terrain factors(elevation,slope,and terrain relief)were selected to explore the account for the driving factors of terrain factors on land use pattern in the hilly area of Zhejiang and Fujian provinces. Results show that:(1)the residence area,industrial,mining and traffic areas,cultivated land,garden plot and water area are preferentially distributed in the areas with elevations less than 500 m and slopes less than 25°. In these areas,the above mentioned five types of lands should be rationally arranged due to fierce competitions among the land types. Forestry areas and grassland are mainly distributed in ecologically fragile areas with elevations greater than 750 m and slopes greater than 35°. Ecological conservation should be considered for these two types of lands.(2)There are complex patchs and high heterogeneity in hills and valley plains,which have been affected by human activities. In the hilly mountain and marginal mountainous areas,the patches are regular shape with strong connectivity due to the dominant position of the natural ecosystem. Pearson correlation analysis show a significant correlation between terrain factors and landscape pattern metrics.(3)For developing and utilizing land resources in mountainous and hilly areas,there are important spatial restrictions. To achieve sustainable land use in these areas,it is necessary to arrange reasonably and harmonically in accordance with the distribution rules of different types of land and terrain conditions.
Terrain factors not only control the distribution patterns of land use but also have important impact on regional ecological construction and sustainable land use. Taking Yongtai County of Fujian Province as an example,three terrain factors(elevation,slope,and terrain relief)were selected to explore the account for the driving factors of terrain factors on land use pattern in the hilly area of Zhejiang and Fujian provinces. Results show that:(1)the residence area,industrial,mining and traffic areas,cultivated land,garden plot and water area are preferentially distributed in the areas with elevations less than 500 m and slopes less than 25°. In these areas,the above mentioned five types of lands should be rationally arranged due to fierce competitions among the land types. Forestry areas and grassland are mainly distributed in ecologically fragile areas with elevations greater than 750 m and slopes greater than 35°. Ecological conservation should be considered for these two types of lands.(2)There are complex patchs and high heterogeneity in hills and valley plains,which have been affected by human activities. In the hilly mountain and marginal mountainous areas,the patches are regular shape with strong connectivity due to the dominant position of the natural ecosystem. Pearson correlation analysis show a significant correlation between terrain factors and landscape pattern metrics.(3)For developing and utilizing land resources in mountainous and hilly areas,there are important spatial restrictions. To achieve sustainable land use in these areas,it is necessary to arrange reasonably and harmonically in accordance with the distribution rules of different types of land and terrain conditions.
引文
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[16]付刚,肖能文,乔梦萍,等.北京市近二十年景观破碎化格局的时空变化[J].生态学报,2017,37(8):2551-2562.[FU Gang,XIAO Neng-wen,QIAO Meng-ping,et al.Spatial-Temporal Changes of Landscape Fragmentation Patterns in Beijing in the Last Two Decades[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(8):2551-2562.]
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[18]董顺舟,赵宇鸾,李秀彬.基于地形梯度的高原山地区土地利用格局时空特征:以贵州省盘县为例[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(2):213-222.[DONG Shun-zhou,ZHAO Yu-luan,LI Xiu-bin.Spatiotemporal Patterns of Land Use Change in Plateau Region Based on the Terrain Gradient:A Case Study in Panxian County,Guizhou Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(2):213-222.]
[2]潘竟虎,苏有才,黄永生,等.疏勒河中游土地利用与景观格局动态[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(4):1090-1096.[PAN Jinghu,SU You-cai,HUANG Yong-sheng,et al.Dynamic Changes of Land Use and Landscape Patterns in Middle Reaches of Shule River,Northwest China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2012,23(4):1090-1096.]
[3]魏莲,刘学录.基于GIS和DEM的土地利用空间格局分析:以兰州市为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(4):54-59.[WEI Lian,LIU Xue-lu.Spatial Pattern of Land Use in Lanzhou City Based on GIS[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2014,28(4):54-59.]
[4]哈凯,丁庆龙,门明新,等.山地丘陵区土地利用分布及其与地形因子关系:以河北省怀来县为例[J].地理研究,2015,34(5):909-921.[HA Kai,DING Qing-long,MEN Ming-xin,et al.Spatial Distribution of Land Use and Its Relationship With Terrain Factors in Hilly Area[J].Geographical Research,2015,34(5):909-921.]
[5]张静静,朱文博,赵芳,等.山地平原过渡带地形起伏特征及其对景观格局的影响:以太行山淇河流域为例[J].中国科学:地球科学,2018,48(4):476-486.[ZHANG Jing-jing,ZHU Wenbo,ZHAO Fang,et al.Spatial Variations of Terrain and Their Impacts on Landscape Patterns in the Transition Zone From Mountains to Plains:A Case Study of Qihe River Basin in the Taihang Mountains[J].Scientia Sinica(Terrae),2018,48(4):476-486.]
[6]田超,杨金泽,石博安,等.怀来县土地利用格局的影响因子分析[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(7):957-968.[TIAN Chao,YANG Jin-ze,SHI Bo-an,et al.Analysis of Landscape Pattern and Affecting Factors in Huailai County[J].Chinese Journal of EcoAgriculture,2016,24(7):957-968.]
[7]陈影,哈凯,贺文龙,等.冀西北间山盆地区景观格局变化及优化研究:以河北省怀来县为例[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(4):556-569.[CHEN Ying,HA Kai,HE Wen-long,et al.Study on the Change and Optimization of Landscape Pattern in the Basin of Northwest Hebei Mountains:A Case Study of Huailai County,Hebei Province[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2016,31(4):556-569.]
[8]陈铸,黄雅冰,朱志鹏,等.基于地形梯度特征的福州市景观格局演变[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(12):4135-4144.[CHEN Zhu,HUANG Ya-bing,ZHU Zhi-peng,et al.Landscape Pattern Evolution Along Terrain Gradient in Fuzhou City,Fujian Province,China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2018,29(12):4135-4144.]
[9]宋戈,王盼盼.松嫩高平原县域土地利用空间格局地形梯度特征分析:以巴彦县为例[J].地理科学,2017,37(8):1218-1225.[SONG Ge,WANG Pan-pan.Spatial Pattern of Land Use Along the Terrain Gradient of County in Songnen High Plain:A Case Study of Bayan County[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2017,37(8):1218-1225.]
[10]王根绪,刘国华,沈泽昊,等.山地景观生态学研究进展[J].生态学报,2017,37(12):3967-3981.[WANG Gen-xu,LIU Guohua,SHEN Ze-hao,et al.Research Progress and Future Perspectives on the Landscape Ecology of Mountainous Areas[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(12):3967-3981.]
[11]董玉红,刘世梁,安南南,等.基于景观指数和空间自相关的吉林大安市景观格局动态研究[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(11):1860-1871.[DONG Yu-hong,LIU Shi-liang,AN Nan-nan,et al.Landscape Pattern in Da'an City of Jilin Province Based on Landscape Indices and Local Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2015,30(11):1860-1871.]
[12]钱敏,濮励杰,张晶.基于改进景观扩张指数苏锡常地区城镇扩展空间形态变化[J].地理科学,2015,35(3):314-321.[QIAN Min,PU Li-jie,ZHANG Jing.Urban Spatial Morphology Evolution in Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou Region Based on Improved Landscape Expansion Index[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica,2015,35(3):314-321.]
[13]吴健生,张朴华.城市景观格局对城市内涝的影响研究:以深圳市为例[J].地理学报,2017,72(3):444-456.[WU Jiansheng,ZHANG Pu-hua.The Effect of Urban Landscape Pattern on Urban Waterlogging[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2017,72(3):444-456.]
[14]张敏,宫兆宁,赵文吉,等.近30年来白洋淀湿地景观格局变化及其驱动机制[J].生态学报,2016,36(15):4780-4791.[ZHANG Min,GONG Zhao-ning,ZHAO Wen-ji,et al.Landscape Pattern Change and the Driving Forces in Baiyangdian Wetland From 1984 to 2014[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(15):4780-4791.]
[15]刘世梁,安南南,尹艺洁,等.广西滨海区域景观格局分析及土地利用变化预测[J].生态学报,2017,37(18):5915-5923.[LIU Shi-liang,AN Nan-nan,YIN Yi-jie,et al. Landscape Pattern Analysis and Prediction of Land-Use Change in the Guangxi Coastal Area[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(18):5915-5923.]
[16]付刚,肖能文,乔梦萍,等.北京市近二十年景观破碎化格局的时空变化[J].生态学报,2017,37(8):2551-2562.[FU Gang,XIAO Neng-wen,QIAO Meng-ping,et al.Spatial-Temporal Changes of Landscape Fragmentation Patterns in Beijing in the Last Two Decades[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(8):2551-2562.]
[17]郑亚运,赵清,黄巧华,等.济南市南部山区土地利用变化与地形因子关系研究[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(4):149-153,160.[ZHENG Ya-yun,ZHAO Qing,HUANG Qiao-hua,et al.Research on Relationship Between Land Use Change and Terrain Factors in the South Mountain Area of Ji'nan,Shandong Province,China[J].Research of Soil Water Conservation,2016,23(4):149-153,160.]
[18]董顺舟,赵宇鸾,李秀彬.基于地形梯度的高原山地区土地利用格局时空特征:以贵州省盘县为例[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(2):213-222.[DONG Shun-zhou,ZHAO Yu-luan,LI Xiu-bin.Spatiotemporal Patterns of Land Use Change in Plateau Region Based on the Terrain Gradient:A Case Study in Panxian County,Guizhou Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(2):213-222.]