生物炭对鸡粪堆肥过程中氨气排放的影响
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摘要
通过鸡粪与玉米叶共堆肥试验,研究小麦秸秆生物炭、稻壳生物炭对共堆肥过程中碳氮比(C/N)、铵态氮(NH_4~+-N)及氨气(NH_3)挥发的影响。堆肥中2种生物炭分别以干质量分数的5%、10%、15%添加,结果表明,在堆肥过程中,添加3种比例的小麦秸秆生物炭处理(B_1、B_2、B_3)、稻壳生物炭处理(B_4、B_5、B_6)堆体的C/N减少量比对照的C/N减少量分别多0～2、2～4;NH_3排放浓度较比照分别降低了63.75%、78.44%、91.50%和70.13%、80.75%、92.63%。另外,在堆体NH_3排放高峰期,添加生物炭堆体的NH_4~+-N含量均明显低于对照,且NH_4~+-N含量随生物炭添加量的增加而减少。由结果可知,生物炭的添加可以降低堆肥过程中NH_3的挥发并促进保氮过程,且比表面积更大的稻壳生物炭对抑制NH_3排放的效果更好。
引文
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[26]刘宁,周嘉良,马双双,等.生物炭对鸡粪好氧堆肥主要氮素形态含量影响与保氮机制[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(12):233-239.
[27]Prost K,Borchard N,Siemens J,et al.Biochar affected by composting with farmyard manure[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2013,42(1):164-172.
[28]Steiner C,Das K C,Melear N,et al.Reducing nitrogen loss during poultry litter composting using biochar[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2010,39(4):1236-1242.
[29]Zhang J N,LüF,Luo C H,et al.Humification characterization of biochar and its potential as a composting amendment[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2014,26(2):390-397.
[30]Meng L Q,Li W G,Zhang S,et al.Effects of sucrose amendment on ammonia assimilation during sewage sludge composting[J].Bioresource Technology,2016(210):160-166.
[2]Awasthi M K,Wang Q,Awasthi S K,et al.Feasibility of medical stone amendment for sewage sludge co-composting and production of nutrient-rich compost[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2018(216):49-61.
[3]Delaune P B,Moore P A,Daniel T C,et al.Effect of chemical and microbial amendments on ammonia volatilization from composting poultry litter[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2004,33:728-734.
[4]Yuan J H,Xu R K,Zhang H.The forms of alkalis in the biochar produced from crop residues at different temperatures[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(3):3488-3497.
[5]Janczak D,Malinska K,Czekala W,et al.Biochar to reduce ammonia emissions in gaseous and liquid phase during composting of poultry manure with wheat straw[J].Waste Management,2017,66:36-45.
[6]Chen W,Liao X D,Wu Y B,et al.Effects of different types of biochar on methane and ammonia mitigation during layer manure composting[J].Waste Management,2017,61:506-515.
[7]Cui E,Wu Y,Zuo Y R,et al.Effect of different biochars on antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial community during chicken manure composting[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,203:11-17.
[8]Steiner C,Das K C,Melear N,et al.Reducing nitrogen loss during poultry litter composting using biochar[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2010,39(4):1236-1242.
[9]于海明,汪春,谢秋菊,等.水稻植质钵育秧盘蒸汽干燥装置研制及性能试验[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(1):25-33.
[10]Agyarko-Mintah E,Cowie A,Zwieten L V,et al.Biochar lowers ammonia emission and improves nitrogen retention in poultry litter composting[J].Waste Management,2017,61:129-137.
[11]陶金沙,李正东,刘福理,等.添加小麦秸秆生物质炭对猪粪堆肥腐熟程度及温室气体排放的影响[J].土壤通报,2014,45(5):1233-1240.
[12]Ning L,Zhou J L,Han L J,et al.Role and multi-scale characterization of bamboo biochar during poultry manure aerobic composting[J].Bioresource Technology,2017(241):190-199.
[13]Wang Q,Awasthi M K,Ren X N,et al.Combining biochar,zeolite and wood vinegar for composting of pig manure:the effect on greenhouse gas emission and nitrogen conservation[J].Waste Management,2018(74):221-230.
[14]Jindo K,Suto K,Matsumoto K,et al.Chemical and biochemical characterisation of biochar-blended composts prepared from poultry manure[J].Bioresource Technology,2012(110):396-404.
[15]Zhang L,Sun X Y.Changes in physical,chemical,and microbiological properties during the two-stage co-composting of green waste with spent mushroom compost and biochar[J].Bioresource Technology,2014,171(1):274-284.
[16]李艳霞,王敏健,王菊思.有机固体废弃物堆肥的腐熟度参数及指标[J].环境科学,1999,20(2):98-103.
[17]Zwieten L V,Kimber S,Morris S,et al.Effects of biochar from slow pyrolysis of papermill waste on agronomic performance and soil fertility[J].Plant&Soil,2010,327(1/2):235-246.
[18]Yadav A,Garg V K.Recycling of organic wastes by employing Eisenia fetida[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(3):2874-2880.
[19]Wang C T,Lee Y C,Liao F Y.Effect of composting parameters on the power performance of solid microbial fuel cells[J].Sustainability,2015,7(9):12634-12643.
[20]Khalil A,Domeizel M,Prudent P.Monitoring of green waste composting process based on redox potential[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,99(14):6037-6045.
[21]徐路魏,王旭东.生物质炭对蔬菜废弃物堆肥化过程氮素转化的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(6):1160-1166.
[22]Asada T,Ohkubo T,Kawata K,et al.Ammonia adsorption on bamboo charcoal with acid treatment[J].Journal of Health Science,2006,52(5):585-589.
[23]Dias B O,Silva C A,Higashikawa F S,et al.Use of biochar as bulking agent for the composting of poultry manure:effect on organic matter degradation and humification[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101(4):1239-1246.
[24]时晓旭,王聪,高梦柯.生物炭对沼液中氨氮的吸附效果研究[J].农业科技与装备,2015(2):3-5.
[25]Rashad F M,Saleh W D,Moselhy M A.Bioconversion of rice straw and certain agro-industrial wastes to amendments for organic farming systems:1.Composting,quality,stability and maturity indices[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101(15):5952-5960.
[26]刘宁,周嘉良,马双双,等.生物炭对鸡粪好氧堆肥主要氮素形态含量影响与保氮机制[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(12):233-239.
[27]Prost K,Borchard N,Siemens J,et al.Biochar affected by composting with farmyard manure[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2013,42(1):164-172.
[28]Steiner C,Das K C,Melear N,et al.Reducing nitrogen loss during poultry litter composting using biochar[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2010,39(4):1236-1242.
[29]Zhang J N,LüF,Luo C H,et al.Humification characterization of biochar and its potential as a composting amendment[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2014,26(2):390-397.
[30]Meng L Q,Li W G,Zhang S,et al.Effects of sucrose amendment on ammonia assimilation during sewage sludge composting[J].Bioresource Technology,2016(210):160-166.
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