黄土丘陵区人工林土壤可溶性氮组分季节变化
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摘要
为探究黄土丘陵区退耕还林后土壤可溶性氮养分积累的季节动态变化特征,以志丹县永宁镇沙棘和山杏林地为研究对象,采集0—10,10—20,20—30 cm土壤样品,分析土壤可溶性氮组分含量和比例的季节动态变化。结果表明:退耕还林可显著增加土壤硝态氮、铵态氮和可溶性有机氮含量,尤其是0—10 cm土层增加明显。0—10,10—20,20—30 cm土层间差异显著,沙棘林和山杏林间也达到显著差异水平。总体来看,硝态氮含量随季节变化明显,3月最高,3—6月下降,6—9月上升,9—11月又下降,11月最低。各样地间0—30 cm土层铵态氮含量变化幅度较小。可溶性有机氮含量随季节变化明显,6月最高,11月最低,3—6月上升,6—9月下降,9—11月又上升。可溶性有机氮含量季节变化规律与硝态氮变化规律相反。沙棘林地土壤可溶性氮含量较杏树林地高,且阳坡高于阴坡。0—30 cm土层可溶性氮组分以可溶性有机氮为主,占73.3%～99.0%,其次是硝态氮,占0.9%～24.3%;铵态氮所占比例最少,在2%以下。退耕还林措施可显著增加0—10 cm土层土壤可溶性氮含量,不同林分土壤可溶性氮含量增加不同,沙棘林地高于杏树林地。
In order to investigate the seasonal dynamics of soil soluble nitrogen after returning farmland to forest in loess hilly region, the Hippophae rhamnoides forestland and Armeniaca vulgaris Lam. forestland in Yongning Town of Zhidan County were taken as the research object. Soil samples were collected in 0—10 cm, 10—20 cm and 20—30 cm soil layers, and seasonal dynamic variation of the density and proportion of soil soluble nitrogen component were analyzed. The results showed that the measures of returning farmland to forest significantly increased the density of soil nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and soluble organic nitrogen, especially in the 0—10 cm soil layer. There were significant differences in the above indexes among different soil layers and between H. rhamnoides forestland and A. vulgaris Lam. forestland. On the whole, nitrate nitrogen density varied significantly with seasons, the value was the highest in March, declined from March to June, increased from June to September, declined from September to November, and was the lowest in November. The ammonium nitrogen content in 0—30 cm soil layer varied little. The soluble organic nitrogen content varied significantly with seasons, and the highest and lowest value was found in June and November, respectively, and the content increased from March to June, declined from June to September and rised from September to November. The seasonal variation of soluble organic nitrogen density was opposite to that of nitrate nitrogen. The content of soluble nitrogen in H. rhamnoides forestland was higher than that in A. vulgaris Lam. forestland. The soluble nitrogen content of sunny slope was higher than that of shady slope. In 0—30 cm soil layer, the soluble nitrogen was mainly soluble organic nitrogen, accounting for 73.3%～99.0%, followed by nitrate nitrogen accounted for 0.9%～24.3%, and the proportion of ammonium nitrogen was the least, which was below 2%. The conversion of farmland to forest significantly increased the density of soluble nitrogen in 0—10 cm soil layer. The soluble nitrogen density increased differently in different forestlands, the value in H. rhamnoides forestland was higher than that in A. vulgaris Lam. forestland.
In order to investigate the seasonal dynamics of soil soluble nitrogen after returning farmland to forest in loess hilly region, the Hippophae rhamnoides forestland and Armeniaca vulgaris Lam. forestland in Yongning Town of Zhidan County were taken as the research object. Soil samples were collected in 0—10 cm, 10—20 cm and 20—30 cm soil layers, and seasonal dynamic variation of the density and proportion of soil soluble nitrogen component were analyzed. The results showed that the measures of returning farmland to forest significantly increased the density of soil nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and soluble organic nitrogen, especially in the 0—10 cm soil layer. There were significant differences in the above indexes among different soil layers and between H. rhamnoides forestland and A. vulgaris Lam. forestland. On the whole, nitrate nitrogen density varied significantly with seasons, the value was the highest in March, declined from March to June, increased from June to September, declined from September to November, and was the lowest in November. The ammonium nitrogen content in 0—30 cm soil layer varied little. The soluble organic nitrogen content varied significantly with seasons, and the highest and lowest value was found in June and November, respectively, and the content increased from March to June, declined from June to September and rised from September to November. The seasonal variation of soluble organic nitrogen density was opposite to that of nitrate nitrogen. The content of soluble nitrogen in H. rhamnoides forestland was higher than that in A. vulgaris Lam. forestland. The soluble nitrogen content of sunny slope was higher than that of shady slope. In 0—30 cm soil layer, the soluble nitrogen was mainly soluble organic nitrogen, accounting for 73.3%～99.0%, followed by nitrate nitrogen accounted for 0.9%～24.3%, and the proportion of ammonium nitrogen was the least, which was below 2%. The conversion of farmland to forest significantly increased the density of soluble nitrogen in 0—10 cm soil layer. The soluble nitrogen density increased differently in different forestlands, the value in H. rhamnoides forestland was higher than that in A. vulgaris Lam. forestland.
引文
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[9] 张彪,高人,杨玉盛,等.万木林自然保护区不同林分土壤可溶性有机氮含量[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(7):1635-1640.
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[13] 王春阳,周建斌,董燕婕,等.黄土区6种植物凋落物与不同形态氮素对土壤微生物量碳氮含量的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(24):7092-7100.
[14] Pajuste K, Frey J. Nitrogen mineralisation in podzol soils under boreal Scots pine and Norway spruce stands[J].Plant and Soil,2003,257(1):237-247.
[15] 陈哲,杨世琦,张晴雯,等.冻融对土壤氮素损失及有效性的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(4):1083-1094.
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[18] 赵路红,李昌珍,康迪,等.黄土丘陵区植被恢复对土壤可溶性氮组分的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(10):3533-3542.
[19] 马红亮,闫聪微,高人,等.林下凋落物去除与施氮对针叶林和阔叶林土壤氮的影响[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(12):1316-1324.
[20] 寇萌,焦菊英,尹秋龙,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区主要草种枯落物的持水能力与养分潜在归还能力[J].生态学报,2015,35(5):1337-1349.
[21] McKinley D C, Rice C W, Blair J M. Conversion of grassland to coniferous woodland has limited effects on soil nitrogen cycle processes[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2008,40(10):2627-2633.
[22] Gelfand I, Yakir D. Influence of nitrite accumulation in association with seasonal patterns and mineralization of soil nitrogen in a semi-arid pine forest[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2008,40(2):415-424.
[23] 宋飘,张乃莉,马克平,等.全球气候变暖对凋落物分解的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(6):1327-1339.
[24] 王新源,赵学勇,李玉霖,等.环境因素对干旱半干旱区凋落物分解的影响研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(11):3300-3310.
[2] Zhao F Z, Kang D, Han G H, et al. Soil stoichiometry and carbon storage in long-term afforestation soil affected by under story vegetation diversity[J].Ecological Engineering,2015,74:415-422.
[3] 韩新辉,杨改河,佟小刚,等.黄土丘陵区几种退耕还林地土壤固存碳氮效应[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(6):1172-1179.
[4] 高英志,汪诗平,韩兴国,等.退化草地恢复过程中土壤氮素状况以及与植被地上绿色生物量形成关系的研究[J].植物生态学报,2004,28(3):285-293.
[5] 章宪,范跃新,罗茜,等.凋落物和根系处理对杉木人工林土壤氮素的影响[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,2014,9(2):39-44.
[6] 丁咸庆.亚热带典型森林土壤有机氮、可溶性和溶解性有机氮(SON/DON)特征研究[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2016.
[7] 肖好燕,刘宝,余再鹏,等.亚热带典型林分对表层和深层土壤可溶性有机碳、氮的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(4):1031-1038.
[8] 赵路红,李昌珍,康迪,等.黄土丘陵区退耕地土壤可溶性氮组分季节变化与水热关系[J].生态学报,2018,38(2):689-697.
[9] 张彪,高人,杨玉盛,等.万木林自然保护区不同林分土壤可溶性有机氮含量[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(7):1635-1640.
[10] 杨绒.土壤中可溶性有机氮含量及影响因素研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2006.
[11] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000:14-38.
[12] Loreau M, Naeem S, Inchausti P, et al. Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: Current knowledge and future challenges[J].Science,2001,294(5534):804-808.
[13] 王春阳,周建斌,董燕婕,等.黄土区6种植物凋落物与不同形态氮素对土壤微生物量碳氮含量的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(24):7092-7100.
[14] Pajuste K, Frey J. Nitrogen mineralisation in podzol soils under boreal Scots pine and Norway spruce stands[J].Plant and Soil,2003,257(1):237-247.
[15] 陈哲,杨世琦,张晴雯,等.冻融对土壤氮素损失及有效性的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(4):1083-1094.
[16] Wei X R, Shao M A, Fu X L, et al. The effects of land use on soil N mineralization during the growing season on the northern Loess Plateau of China[J].Geoderma,2011,160(3/4):590-598.
[17] Uri V, L?hmus K, Kund M, et al. The effect of land use type on net nitrogen mineralization on abandoned agricultural land: Silver birch stand versus grassland[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2008,255(1):226-233.
[18] 赵路红,李昌珍,康迪,等.黄土丘陵区植被恢复对土壤可溶性氮组分的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(10):3533-3542.
[19] 马红亮,闫聪微,高人,等.林下凋落物去除与施氮对针叶林和阔叶林土壤氮的影响[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(12):1316-1324.
[20] 寇萌,焦菊英,尹秋龙,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区主要草种枯落物的持水能力与养分潜在归还能力[J].生态学报,2015,35(5):1337-1349.
[21] McKinley D C, Rice C W, Blair J M. Conversion of grassland to coniferous woodland has limited effects on soil nitrogen cycle processes[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2008,40(10):2627-2633.
[22] Gelfand I, Yakir D. Influence of nitrite accumulation in association with seasonal patterns and mineralization of soil nitrogen in a semi-arid pine forest[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2008,40(2):415-424.
[23] 宋飘,张乃莉,马克平,等.全球气候变暖对凋落物分解的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(6):1327-1339.
[24] 王新源,赵学勇,李玉霖,等.环境因素对干旱半干旱区凋落物分解的影响研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(11):3300-3310.