富水隧道幕墙堵水技术研究
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摘要
富水隧道的涌水问题是目前隧道施工中要解决的首要问题,尤其是涌水量特别大、水流速度大的隧道。目前针对该问题多采用注浆加固圈的方法,以排为主,后注浆加固。这种方法对于涌水量不大、渗透率低的围岩可行,而对于水压力大、地下水丰富的隧道,其效果差、成本高。针对该问题,文章提出一种幕墙堵水技术。首先分析渗透力与浆液的黏滞系数之间的关系,通过计算得出多孔介质中注浆浆液在渗透力作用下的地下水临界流速,确定幕墙距离隧道的最佳间距为2 m,并提出了24种不同尺寸的注浆方案。采用数值模拟方法,分别计算了24种注浆方案的堵水或限排效果。最后在所建的24个模型中得出注浆深度为30. 6 m,注浆长度为20 m的方案为最佳堵水方案,并应用到工程中。结果显示该方案堵水效果明显,洞内积水降低80%,能保证隧道下一步施工。研究表明:通过临界流速分析方法能够经济、快速地确定堵水或限排方案,满足现场施工及注浆堵水限排的要求,研究成果可为类似工程设计提供理论依据。
The problem of water inrush in water-rich tunnels has become the primary problem to be solved in tunnel construction,especially in tunnels with particularly large water inflow and high water flow velocity. At present,most of the existing researches focus on the grouting reinforcement circle,which is mainly based on drainage and post-grouting. This method is feasible for surrounding rock with small water inflow and low permeability,but where it is high in water pressure and rich in groundwater,tunnels have poor performance and high cost. In view of this problem,this paper proposes a technical solution for curtain wall water blocking.Firstly,the relationship between the penetrating force and the viscosity coefficient of the slurry is analyzed. The critical flow velocity of the groundwater under the penetrating force of the grouting slurry in the porous medium is calculated,and the optimal spacing of the curtain wall from the tunnel is determined to be 2 m. Twenty-four different sizes of grouting solutions are proposed. Secondly,numerical simulation method is used to calculate the water blocking or limiting effect of the twenty-four grouting schemes. Finally,in the twenty-four models built,the scheme with a grouting depth of 30. 6 m and a grouting length of 20 m is the best water shutoff scheme and is applied to the project. In the engineering application,the water in the cave is reduced by 80%,and the water blocking effect of the scheme is obvious,which can ensure the next construction of the tunnel. The research results show that the critical flow rate analysis method can economically and quickly determine the water blocking or limited discharge scheme to meet the requirements of in situ construction and grouting and water blocking. The research results can provide theoretical basis for similar engineering design.
The problem of water inrush in water-rich tunnels has become the primary problem to be solved in tunnel construction,especially in tunnels with particularly large water inflow and high water flow velocity. At present,most of the existing researches focus on the grouting reinforcement circle,which is mainly based on drainage and post-grouting. This method is feasible for surrounding rock with small water inflow and low permeability,but where it is high in water pressure and rich in groundwater,tunnels have poor performance and high cost. In view of this problem,this paper proposes a technical solution for curtain wall water blocking.Firstly,the relationship between the penetrating force and the viscosity coefficient of the slurry is analyzed. The critical flow velocity of the groundwater under the penetrating force of the grouting slurry in the porous medium is calculated,and the optimal spacing of the curtain wall from the tunnel is determined to be 2 m. Twenty-four different sizes of grouting solutions are proposed. Secondly,numerical simulation method is used to calculate the water blocking or limiting effect of the twenty-four grouting schemes. Finally,in the twenty-four models built,the scheme with a grouting depth of 30. 6 m and a grouting length of 20 m is the best water shutoff scheme and is applied to the project. In the engineering application,the water in the cave is reduced by 80%,and the water blocking effect of the scheme is obvious,which can ensure the next construction of the tunnel. The research results show that the critical flow rate analysis method can economically and quickly determine the water blocking or limited discharge scheme to meet the requirements of in situ construction and grouting and water blocking. The research results can provide theoretical basis for similar engineering design.
引文
[1] LIU J,CHEN W,YUAN J,et al. Groundwater control and curtain grouting for tunnel construction in completely weathered granite[J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2018,77(2):515-531.
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[4]戴传山,祁芸芝,雷海燕,等.悬浮微小颗粒对多孔介质渗流特性影响的实验研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2016,43(6):1-6.[DAI C S,QI Y Z,LEI H Y,et al. Experimental study on the effect of suspended microparticles on the seepage characteristics of porous media[J]. Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2016,43(6):1-6.(in Chinese)]
[5]陈社明,刘宏伟,卢文喜,等.悬挂式防渗墙作用下非均质地层的渗流量研究———以松花江干流群力堤为例[J].水文地质工程地质,2016,43(4):14-19.[CHEN S M,LIU H W,LU W X,et al. Study on seepage flow of heterogeneous stratum under the action of suspended cut-off wall———Taking the Songhua River main stream group as an example[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2016,43(4):14-19.(in Chinese)]
[6]刘强,谭忠盛,王秀英.水下隧道渗流场分布规律的模型试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2015,48(增刊1):388-392.[LIU Q,TAN Z S,WANG X Y,et al. Model test study on distribution law of seepage field in underwater tunnel[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal,2015,48(Sup1):388-392.(in Chinese)]
[7]杜朝伟,王梦恕,谭忠盛.水下隧道渗流场解析解及其应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(增刊2):3567-3573.[DU C W,WANG M S,TAN Z S. Analytical solution of seepage field in underwater tunnel and its application[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(Sup2):3567-3573.(in Chinese)]
[8]李鹏飞,张顶立,赵勇,等.海底隧道复合衬砌水压力分布规律及合理注浆加固圈参数研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(2):280-288.[LI P F,ZHANG D L,ZHAO Y,et al. Study on distribution law of water pressure of composite lining of subsea tunnel and parameters of reasonable grouting reinforcement ring[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(2):280-288.(in Chinese)]
[9]丁小平,刘昭,史宝童,等.复合衬砌量化修正渗透系数隧道涌水量的计算方法[J].华侨大学学报(自然科学版),2015,36(4):461-466.[DING X P,LIU Z,SHI B T,et al. Calculation method for quantitative correction of water inflow in tunnels with composite lining[J]. Journal of Huaqiao University(Natural Science),2015,36(4):461-466.(in Chinese)]
[10]吴祖松,梁波,王元清,等.水下圆形隧道注浆加固区渗流特征理论研究[J].岩土力学,2015,36(增刊2):89-94.[WU Z S,LIANG B,WANG Y Q,et al. Theoretical study on seepage characteristics in grouting reinforcement zone underwater circular tunnel[J]. Geotechnical Mechanics,2015,36(Sup2):89-94.(in Chinese)]
[11]朱学愚,钱孝星.地下水水文学[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2005.[ZHU X Y,QIAN X X.Groundwater Hydrology[M]. Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2005.(in Chinese)]
[12]许广坡.岩溶注浆扩散半径物理模型试验及数值模拟研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2011.[XU G P. Physical model test and numerical simulation of karst grouting diffusion radius[D]. Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2011.(in Chinese)]
[2]邓仁清.高压富水隧道注浆堵水施工技术及应用[J].地下空间与工程学报,2006,2(2):263-266.[DENG R Q. Construction technology and application of grouting and water blocking in high pressure waterrich tunnel[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2006,2(2):263-266.(in Chinese)]
[3]张成平,张顶立,叶英,等.高压富水岩溶隧道注浆机理及作用效果分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2009,5(5):996-1002.[ZHANG C P,ZHANG D L,YE Y,et al. Grouting mechanism and effect analysis of high pressure water-rich karst tunnel[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2009,5(5):996-1002.(in Chinese)]
[4]戴传山,祁芸芝,雷海燕,等.悬浮微小颗粒对多孔介质渗流特性影响的实验研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2016,43(6):1-6.[DAI C S,QI Y Z,LEI H Y,et al. Experimental study on the effect of suspended microparticles on the seepage characteristics of porous media[J]. Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2016,43(6):1-6.(in Chinese)]
[5]陈社明,刘宏伟,卢文喜,等.悬挂式防渗墙作用下非均质地层的渗流量研究———以松花江干流群力堤为例[J].水文地质工程地质,2016,43(4):14-19.[CHEN S M,LIU H W,LU W X,et al. Study on seepage flow of heterogeneous stratum under the action of suspended cut-off wall———Taking the Songhua River main stream group as an example[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2016,43(4):14-19.(in Chinese)]
[6]刘强,谭忠盛,王秀英.水下隧道渗流场分布规律的模型试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2015,48(增刊1):388-392.[LIU Q,TAN Z S,WANG X Y,et al. Model test study on distribution law of seepage field in underwater tunnel[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal,2015,48(Sup1):388-392.(in Chinese)]
[7]杜朝伟,王梦恕,谭忠盛.水下隧道渗流场解析解及其应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(增刊2):3567-3573.[DU C W,WANG M S,TAN Z S. Analytical solution of seepage field in underwater tunnel and its application[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(Sup2):3567-3573.(in Chinese)]
[8]李鹏飞,张顶立,赵勇,等.海底隧道复合衬砌水压力分布规律及合理注浆加固圈参数研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(2):280-288.[LI P F,ZHANG D L,ZHAO Y,et al. Study on distribution law of water pressure of composite lining of subsea tunnel and parameters of reasonable grouting reinforcement ring[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(2):280-288.(in Chinese)]
[9]丁小平,刘昭,史宝童,等.复合衬砌量化修正渗透系数隧道涌水量的计算方法[J].华侨大学学报(自然科学版),2015,36(4):461-466.[DING X P,LIU Z,SHI B T,et al. Calculation method for quantitative correction of water inflow in tunnels with composite lining[J]. Journal of Huaqiao University(Natural Science),2015,36(4):461-466.(in Chinese)]
[10]吴祖松,梁波,王元清,等.水下圆形隧道注浆加固区渗流特征理论研究[J].岩土力学,2015,36(增刊2):89-94.[WU Z S,LIANG B,WANG Y Q,et al. Theoretical study on seepage characteristics in grouting reinforcement zone underwater circular tunnel[J]. Geotechnical Mechanics,2015,36(Sup2):89-94.(in Chinese)]
[11]朱学愚,钱孝星.地下水水文学[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2005.[ZHU X Y,QIAN X X.Groundwater Hydrology[M]. Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2005.(in Chinese)]
[12]许广坡.岩溶注浆扩散半径物理模型试验及数值模拟研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2011.[XU G P. Physical model test and numerical simulation of karst grouting diffusion radius[D]. Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2011.(in Chinese)]
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