湖泊型流域水生态功能分区的理论与应用
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摘要
地域分异是地理学核心研究方向之一,水生态功能分区是地学分区面向生态环境领域的发展和应用。基于水生态分区的管理是流域水环境管理的趋势,流域水生态功能分区是建立中国新型水环境管理的基础。论文在界定水生态功能分区涉及的主要概念基础上,分析了湖泊型流域水生态系统的尺度,为湖泊型流域水生态功能分区体系的建立奠定了理论基础;根据分区的目的,建立了分区的原则和指标体系,研发了分区技术、结果验证校核方法;以巢湖流域为例,进行了一级至四级水生态功能分区,并对分区结果进行验证。湖泊型流域水生态功能分区有助于丰富地域分异规律研究,对水生态目标管理的理论与方法具有指导作用。
Spatial differentiation is one of the core research directions of geography. Aquatic ecoregion delineation is the development and application of geographic regionalization in the field of ecological environment. Management based on aquatic ecoregions is the trend of water environmental management in watersheds. Aquatic ecoregion is the foundation of future water environmental management in China. Existing work cannot meet the technical requirements of water quality management for aquatic ecosystem protection.Based on the analysis of the main concepts involved in aquatic ecoregion, this study analyzed the scale of aquatic ecosystem in lake-basins, and laid a theoretical foundation for the delineation of aquatic ecoregion system in lake-basins. Taking the Chao Lake Basin as an example, the method was used to delineate the aquatic ecoregion at four levels, and the results were validated. Aquatic ecoregion delineation of lake-basin is helpful for enriching the study of spatial differentiation of geographical regions, and has important implications for advancing the theory and methods of aquatic ecosystem target management.
Spatial differentiation is one of the core research directions of geography. Aquatic ecoregion delineation is the development and application of geographic regionalization in the field of ecological environment. Management based on aquatic ecoregions is the trend of water environmental management in watersheds. Aquatic ecoregion is the foundation of future water environmental management in China. Existing work cannot meet the technical requirements of water quality management for aquatic ecosystem protection.Based on the analysis of the main concepts involved in aquatic ecoregion, this study analyzed the scale of aquatic ecosystem in lake-basins, and laid a theoretical foundation for the delineation of aquatic ecoregion system in lake-basins. Taking the Chao Lake Basin as an example, the method was used to delineate the aquatic ecoregion at four levels, and the results were validated. Aquatic ecoregion delineation of lake-basin is helpful for enriching the study of spatial differentiation of geographical regions, and has important implications for advancing the theory and methods of aquatic ecosystem target management.
引文
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中国科学院《中国自然地理》编辑委员会.1984.中国自然地理·气候[M].北京:科学出版社.[Editorial Committee of Physical Geography of China(Chinese Academy of Sciences).1984.Physical geography of China:Climate.Beijing,China:Science Press.]
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Zhang T,Ramakrishnon R,Livny M.1996.Birch:An efficient data clustering method for very large databases[C]//Proceedings of the ACM SIGMOD conference on management of data.Montreal,Canada.
傅伯杰,刘国华,陈利顶,等.2001.中国生态区划方案[J].生态学报,21(1):1-6.[Fu B J,Liu G H,Chen L X,et al.2001.Scheme of ecological regionalization in China.Acta Geographica Sinica,21(1):1-6.]
高俊峰,蔡永久,夏霆,等.2016.巢湖流域水生态健康研究[M].北京:科学出版社.[Gao J F,Cai Y J,Xia T,et al.2016.Aquatic ecosystem health of Chao Lake Basin.Beijing,China:Science Press.]
高俊峰,高永年.2012.太湖流域水生态功能分区研究[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社.[Gao J F,Gao Y N.2012.Regionalization of aquatic ecoregions in Tai Lake Basin.Beijing,China:China Environmental Press.]
高俊峰,蒋志刚.2012.中国五大淡水湖保护与发展[M].北京:科学出版社.[Gao J F,Jiang Z G.2012.Conservation and development of China's five largest freshwater lakes.Beijing,China:Science Press.]
高俊峰,张志明,黄琪,等.2017.巢湖流域水生态功能分区研究[M].北京:科学出版社.[Gao J F,Zhang Z M,Huang Q,et al.2017.Aquatic eco-function regions of Chao Lake Basin.Beijing,China:Science Press.]
高永年,高俊峰.2010.太湖流域水生态功能分区[J].地理研究,29(1):111-117.[Gao Y N,Gao J F.2010.Delineation of aquatic ecoregions in Taihu Lake Basin.Geographical Research,29(1):111-117.]
高永年,高俊峰,陈炯峰,等.2012.太湖流域水生态功能三级分区[J].地理研究,31(11):1942-1951.[Gao Y N,Gao J F,Chen J F,et al.2012.Delineation of levelШaquatic ecological function regionalization in the Taihu Lake Basin.Geographic Research,31(11):1942-1951.]
黄秉维.1958.中国综合自然区划的初步草案[J].地理学报,25(4):348-365.[Huang B W.1958.A preliminary draft of integrated physical regionalization in China.Acta Geographica Sinica,25(4):348-365.]
黄艺,曹晓峰,樊灏,等.2018.滇池流域水生态功能分区研究[M].北京:科学出版社.[Huang Y,Cao X F,Fan H,et al.2018.Regionalization of aquatic ecoregions in Dianchi Basin.Beijing,China:Science Press.]
冷疏影.2016.地理科学三十年:从经典到前沿[M].北京:商务印书馆.[Leng S Y.2016.30 years of geography:From classic to cutting-edge.Beijing,China:The Commercial Press.]
李建军,张文培,何继.2010.安徽河湖概览[M].武汉:长江出版社.[Li J J,Zhang W P,He J.2010.Rivers and lakes of Anhui.Wuhan,China:Changjiang Press.]
李艳梅,曾文炉,周启星.2009.水生态功能分区的研究进展[J].应用生态学报,20(12):3101-3108.[Li Y M,Zeng WL,Zhou Q X.2009.Research progress in water eco-functional regionalization.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,20(12):3101-3108.]
吕一河,傅伯杰.2001.生态学中的尺度及尺度转换方法[J].生态学报,21(12):2096-2105.[Lv Y H,Fu B J.2001.Ecological scale and scaling.Acta Ecologica Sinica,21(12):2096-2105.]
水利部长江水利委员会.1999.长江流域地图集[M].北京:中国地图出版社.[Changjiang Water Resources Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources.Atlas of the Changjiang River Basin.Beijing,China:China Cartographic Publishing House.]
王耀武,陈昌新,王宗观,等.1999.巢湖流域暴雨洪水特性分析[J].水文,(4):50-52.[Wang Y W,Chen C X,Wang ZG,et al.1991.Characteristic analysis on rainstorm flood in Chaohu Basin.Hydrology,(4):50-52.]
于宏兵,周启星,郑力燕.2016.松花江流域水生态功能分区研究[M].北京:科学出版社.[Ding H B,Zhou Q X,Zheng L Y.2016.Regionalization of aquatic ecoregions in Songhua River Basin.Beijing,China:Science Press.]
郑度.2008.中国生态地理区域系统研究[M].北京:商务印书馆.[Zheng D.2008.Study on eco-geographic regional systems in China.Beijing,China:The Commercial Press.]
中国河湖大典编委会.2010.中国河湖大典·长江卷[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社.[Editorial Committee of Encyclopedia of Rivers and Lakes in China.2010.Encyclopedia of rivers and lakes in China.Beijing,China:China Water&Power Press.]
中国科学院《中国自然地理》编辑委员会.1984.中国自然地理·气候[M].北京:科学出版社.[Editorial Committee of Physical Geography of China(Chinese Academy of Sciences).1984.Physical geography of China:Climate.Beijing,China:Science Press.]
中国科学院《中国自然地理》编辑委员会.1985.中国自然地理·地表水[M].北京:科学出版社.[Editorial Committee of Physical Geography of China(Chinese Academy of Sciences).1985.Physical geography of China:Surface water.Beijing,China:Science Press.]
祝迎春.2005.二阶聚类模型及其应用[J].市场研究,(1):40-42.[Zhao Y C.2005.Twostep cluster model and its application.Marketing Research,(1):40-42.]
Bailey R G.2009.Ecosystem geography:From ecoregions to sites[M].2nd edition.New York:Springer-Verlag.
Bailey R G.2014.Ecoregions:The ecosystem geography of the ocean and continents[M].2nd edition.New York:Springer-Verlag.
Fisher S G.1994.Pattern,process and scale in freshwater systems:Some unifying thoughts[C]//Giller P S,Hildrew AG,Raffaelli D G.Aquatic ecology:Scale,pattern and process.Oxford,UK:Blackwell Scientific Publications:575-591.
Kalff J.2002.Limnology:Inland water ecosystems[M].New Jersey,NJ:Prentice Hall.
Zhang T,Ramakrishnon R,Livny M.1996.Birch:An efficient data clustering method for very large databases[C]//Proceedings of the ACM SIGMOD conference on management of data.Montreal,Canada.