我国蜜环菌分类单元间菌索的相互作用
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摘要
蜜环菌菌索是天麻生长的主要营养来源,而蜜环菌生物种菌索之间可能存在种间相互作用,因此天麻栽培时蜜环菌种的混用可能对天麻的产量产生影响。为揭示我国蜜环菌分类单元间菌索的相互作用,以我国8个蜜环菌分类单元为研究对象,通过研究其共同培养时整体及单侧菌索的生长速率和单位长度内生长尖端个数来研究其菌索间的作用特性。结果表明:两者间相互拮抗的有CBS D-CBS F;仅有一个蜜环菌菌索未受到影响或受到协同作用的有:CBS A-CBS H中的CBS A、CBS F-CBS J中的CBS J、CBS A-CBS F中的CBS A、CBS A-CBS N中的CBS A、CBS F-CBS M中的CBS M、CBS J-CBS M中的CBS M、CBS B-CBS J中的CBS B;组合中两种蜜环菌菌索靠近侧协同生长的有:CBS A-CBS M;组合中对两者靠近的区域具有优势的有:CBS A-CBS B中的CBS B、CBS A-CBS J中的CBS J、CBS B-CBS F中的CBS F、CBS D-CBS H中的CBS H、CBS D-CBS N中的CBS N和CBS F-CBS M中的CBS F。本研究的开展为我国蜜环菌的鉴定、天麻栽培用蜜环菌种的选用提供理论指导。
Some species of Armillaria are essential to the growth and development of Gastrodia elata. We proposed that there should be potential interspecific interactions between Armillaria rhiozomorph when different Armillaria species were cultivated together. Eight biological species of Armillaria including A. sinapina(CBS A), A. gallica(CBS B), A. stoyae(CBS D), A. borealis(CBS M), and four unnamed species(CBS F, CBS H, CBS J and CBS N) were selected as material for revealing the interspecific rhizomorph interactions. The whole rhizomorph growth rate and unilateral rhizomorph growth rate, and the number of rhizomorph growing tips per unit length(cm) under mixed culture of different species of Armillaria were investigated. The results showed that there were four interaction types among experimented species pairs. Pair of CBS D-CBS F was antagonistic to each other. CBS A showed unaffected or even favorable in mixed culture of CBS A-CBS H. That was the case with CBS J in CBS F-CBS J, CBS A in CBS A-CBS F, CBS A in CBS A-CBS N, CBS M in CBS F-CBS M, and CBS B in CBS B-CBS J. Some pairs demonstrated a synergistic growth to each other, e.g. pair of CBS A-CBS M. In some pairs, only one species grew favorably in the intermixed regions of mixed culture, e.g. CBS B in CBS A-CBS B, CBS J in CBS A-CBS J, CBS F in CBS B-CBS F, CBS H in CBS D-CBS H, CBS N in CBS D-CBS N and CBS F in CBS F-CBS M. This study provides reference for the identification of Armillaria species and the selection of Armillaria strains for cultivation of Gastrodia elata.
Some species of Armillaria are essential to the growth and development of Gastrodia elata. We proposed that there should be potential interspecific interactions between Armillaria rhiozomorph when different Armillaria species were cultivated together. Eight biological species of Armillaria including A. sinapina(CBS A), A. gallica(CBS B), A. stoyae(CBS D), A. borealis(CBS M), and four unnamed species(CBS F, CBS H, CBS J and CBS N) were selected as material for revealing the interspecific rhizomorph interactions. The whole rhizomorph growth rate and unilateral rhizomorph growth rate, and the number of rhizomorph growing tips per unit length(cm) under mixed culture of different species of Armillaria were investigated. The results showed that there were four interaction types among experimented species pairs. Pair of CBS D-CBS F was antagonistic to each other. CBS A showed unaffected or even favorable in mixed culture of CBS A-CBS H. That was the case with CBS J in CBS F-CBS J, CBS A in CBS A-CBS F, CBS A in CBS A-CBS N, CBS M in CBS F-CBS M, and CBS B in CBS B-CBS J. Some pairs demonstrated a synergistic growth to each other, e.g. pair of CBS A-CBS M. In some pairs, only one species grew favorably in the intermixed regions of mixed culture, e.g. CBS B in CBS A-CBS B, CBS J in CBS A-CBS J, CBS F in CBS B-CBS F, CBS H in CBS D-CBS H, CBS N in CBS D-CBS N and CBS F in CBS F-CBS M. This study provides reference for the identification of Armillaria species and the selection of Armillaria strains for cultivation of Gastrodia elata.
引文
Baumgartner K,Coetzee MPA,Hoffmeister D,2011.Secrets of the subterranean pathosystem of Armillaria.Molecular Plant Pathology,12(6):515-534
Baumgartner K,Rizzo DM,2007.Ecology of Armillaria spp.in mixed-hardwood forests of California.Plant Disease,85(9):947-951
Brefeld O,1877.Basidiomyceten III.Vol I.Botanische Untersuchungenüber Schimmelpilze.Arthur Felix.Leipzig.3:136-173
Callaway RM,2002.The detection of neighbors by plants.Trends in Ecology&Evolution,17:104-106
Cahill JF,Mcnickle GG,Haag JJ,Lamb EG,Nyanumba SM,St.Clair CC,2010.Plants integrate information about nutrients and neighbors.Science,328(5986):1657-1657
Dai YC,Qin GF,Xu MQ,2000.The forest pathogens of root and butt rot in Northeast China.Forest Research,13(1):15-22(in Chinese)
Gibson I,1961.A note on variation between isolates of Armillaria mellea(Vahl ex Fr.)Kummer.Transactions of the British Mycological Society,1(44):123
Gu YJ,Zhang RY,2008.Development of Armillaria mellea(Series 2)-Mycorrhiza and pseudosclerotia.Edible Fungi of China,27(5):56-56(in Chinese)
Guo T,Wang HC,Xue WQ,2016.Phylogenetic analyses of Armillaria reveal at least 15 phylogenetic lineages in China,seven of which are associated with cultivated Gastrodia elata.PLoS One,11(5):e0154794
He W,Qin GF,Shen RX,1996.The Armillaria biological species of the Great Xing-an and the Changbai Mts.Acta Mycologica Sinica,15(1):9-16(in Chinese)
Holzapfel C,Alpert P,2003.Root cooperation in a clonal plant:connected strawberries segregate roots.Oecologia,134:72-77
Ji N,2008.Excellent strain screening and identification of Armillaria mellea and influence of the strain on yield of Gastrodia elata BT.f.glauca.Master Thesis,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun.1-53(in Chinese)
Luo WC,Zeng FJ,Jiu B,Zhang LG,Song C,Peng SL,Arndt SK,2012.Response of root systems to soil heterogeneity and interspecific competition in Alhagi sparsifolia.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,36(10):1015-1023(in Chinese)
Men JX,Xing XK,Guo SX,2016.The biological species and identification methods of the genus Armillaria(Agaricales,Basidiomycota):a review.Mycosystema,35(11):1281-1302(in Chinese)
Mihail JD,Bruhn JN,2005.Foraging behaviour of Armillaria rhizomorph systems.Mycological Research,109(11):1195-1207
Morrison DJ,2004.Rhizomorph growth habit,saprophytic ability and virulence of 15 Armillaria species.Forest Pathology,34(1):15-26
Qin GF,2002.Genetics and phylogenesis of Chinese Armillaria.Doctoral thesis,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing.1-144(in Chinese)
Qin GF,He W,Zhao J,Tian SM,Shen RX,1999.Mating relationships between Chinese biological species and North American species of Armillaria.Mycosystema,18(3):243-248(in Chinese)
Qin GF,Zhao J,Guo WH,Shen YX,2004.The research progress of Armillaria biology.Journal of Northeast Forestry University,32(6):89-94(in Chinese)
Qin GF,Zhao J,Tian SM,Korhonen K,Dai YC,Liu CR,2000.New biological species of Armillaria in China.Mycosystema,19(4):509-516(in Chinese)
Rishbeth J,1968.The growth rate of Armillaria mellea.Transactions of the British Mycological Society,3-4(51):575-586
Semchenko M,John EA,Hutchings MJ,2007.Effects of physical connection and genetic identity of neighbouring ramets on root-placement patterns in two clonal species.New Phytologist,176:644-654
Shi HY,Cui W,Zheng HC,Zhang N,Liu FL,2014.Research on biological characteristics of Armillaria mellea.Journal of Fungal Research,12(4):229-232(in Chinese)
Shaw CGI,Kile GA,1991.Armillaria root disease.Agriculture Handbook,691:1-233
Sinclair W,Lyon HH,2005.Diseases of trees and shrubs.2nd ed.Comstock Publishing,Amercian.1-616
Smith ML,Anderson JB,1992.The fungus Armillaria bulbosa is among the largest and oldest living or ganisms.Nature,356(6368):428-431
Snider PJ,1959.Stages of development in rhizomorphic thalli of Armillaria mellea.Mycologia,51(5):693-707
Wang HC,2007.Systematic studies on Armillaria from China.PhD Dissertation,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing.1-118(in Chinese)
Worrall JJ,Sullivan KF,Harrington TC,Joseph PS,2004.Incidence,host relations and population structure of Armillaria ostoyae in Colorado campgrounds.Forest Ecology and Management,192(2-3):191-206
Zhao J,Qin GF,Dai YC,2005.Newly recorded biological species of Chinese Armillaria.Mycosystema,24(2):164-173(in Chinese)
Zhao J,Zhao J,2007.Armillaria species indigenous to China and their application to Gastrodia elata cultivation.Acta Edulis Fungi,14(1):67-72(in Chinese)
戴玉成,秦国夫,徐梅卿,2000.中国东北地区的立木腐朽菌.林业科学研究,13(1):15-22
门金鑫,邢晓科,郭顺星,2016.蜜环菌生物种及鉴定方法研究进展.菌物学报,35(11):1281-1302
施汉钰,崔巍,郑焕春,张楠,刘凤玲,2014.蜜环菌菌索生物学特性的研究.菌物研究,12(4):229-232
顾雅君,张瑞英,2008.蜜环菌发育(连载二)——菌索、假菌核.中国食用菌,27(5):56-56
季宁,2008.蜜环菌优良菌株的筛选、鉴定及对乌天麻产量的影响.吉林农业大学硕士论文,长春.1-53
罗维成,曾凡江,刘波,张利刚,宋聪,彭守兰,Arndt SK,2012.疏叶骆驼刺根系对土壤异质性和种间竞争的响应.植物生态学报,36(10):1015-1023
秦国夫,2002.中国蜜环菌的遗传学与系统学研究.中国林业科学研究院博士论文,北京.1-144
秦国夫,贺伟,赵俊,田淑敏,沈瑞祥,1999.中国蜜环菌生物种与北美种的交配关系.菌物系统,18(3):243-248
秦国夫,赵俊,郭文辉,沈燕霞,2004.蜜环菌的生物学研究进展.东北林业大学学报,32(6):89-94
秦国夫,赵俊,田淑敏,Korhonen K,戴玉成,刘春如,2000.中国蜜环菌的新生物种.菌物系统,19(4):509-516
贺伟,秦国夫,沈瑞祥,1996.大兴安岭和长白山地区蜜环菌生物种的研究.菌物学报,15(1):9-16
王汉臣,2007.中国蜜环菌属系统学研究.中国科学院研究生院博士学位论文,北京.1-118
赵俊,秦国夫,戴玉成,2005.中国蜜环菌生物种新记录.菌物学报,24(2):164-173
赵俊,赵杰,2007.中国蜜环菌的种类及其在天麻栽培中的应用.食用菌学报,14(1):70-75
Baumgartner K,Rizzo DM,2007.Ecology of Armillaria spp.in mixed-hardwood forests of California.Plant Disease,85(9):947-951
Brefeld O,1877.Basidiomyceten III.Vol I.Botanische Untersuchungenüber Schimmelpilze.Arthur Felix.Leipzig.3:136-173
Callaway RM,2002.The detection of neighbors by plants.Trends in Ecology&Evolution,17:104-106
Cahill JF,Mcnickle GG,Haag JJ,Lamb EG,Nyanumba SM,St.Clair CC,2010.Plants integrate information about nutrients and neighbors.Science,328(5986):1657-1657
Dai YC,Qin GF,Xu MQ,2000.The forest pathogens of root and butt rot in Northeast China.Forest Research,13(1):15-22(in Chinese)
Gibson I,1961.A note on variation between isolates of Armillaria mellea(Vahl ex Fr.)Kummer.Transactions of the British Mycological Society,1(44):123
Gu YJ,Zhang RY,2008.Development of Armillaria mellea(Series 2)-Mycorrhiza and pseudosclerotia.Edible Fungi of China,27(5):56-56(in Chinese)
Guo T,Wang HC,Xue WQ,2016.Phylogenetic analyses of Armillaria reveal at least 15 phylogenetic lineages in China,seven of which are associated with cultivated Gastrodia elata.PLoS One,11(5):e0154794
He W,Qin GF,Shen RX,1996.The Armillaria biological species of the Great Xing-an and the Changbai Mts.Acta Mycologica Sinica,15(1):9-16(in Chinese)
Holzapfel C,Alpert P,2003.Root cooperation in a clonal plant:connected strawberries segregate roots.Oecologia,134:72-77
Ji N,2008.Excellent strain screening and identification of Armillaria mellea and influence of the strain on yield of Gastrodia elata BT.f.glauca.Master Thesis,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun.1-53(in Chinese)
Luo WC,Zeng FJ,Jiu B,Zhang LG,Song C,Peng SL,Arndt SK,2012.Response of root systems to soil heterogeneity and interspecific competition in Alhagi sparsifolia.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,36(10):1015-1023(in Chinese)
Men JX,Xing XK,Guo SX,2016.The biological species and identification methods of the genus Armillaria(Agaricales,Basidiomycota):a review.Mycosystema,35(11):1281-1302(in Chinese)
Mihail JD,Bruhn JN,2005.Foraging behaviour of Armillaria rhizomorph systems.Mycological Research,109(11):1195-1207
Morrison DJ,2004.Rhizomorph growth habit,saprophytic ability and virulence of 15 Armillaria species.Forest Pathology,34(1):15-26
Qin GF,2002.Genetics and phylogenesis of Chinese Armillaria.Doctoral thesis,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing.1-144(in Chinese)
Qin GF,He W,Zhao J,Tian SM,Shen RX,1999.Mating relationships between Chinese biological species and North American species of Armillaria.Mycosystema,18(3):243-248(in Chinese)
Qin GF,Zhao J,Guo WH,Shen YX,2004.The research progress of Armillaria biology.Journal of Northeast Forestry University,32(6):89-94(in Chinese)
Qin GF,Zhao J,Tian SM,Korhonen K,Dai YC,Liu CR,2000.New biological species of Armillaria in China.Mycosystema,19(4):509-516(in Chinese)
Rishbeth J,1968.The growth rate of Armillaria mellea.Transactions of the British Mycological Society,3-4(51):575-586
Semchenko M,John EA,Hutchings MJ,2007.Effects of physical connection and genetic identity of neighbouring ramets on root-placement patterns in two clonal species.New Phytologist,176:644-654
Shi HY,Cui W,Zheng HC,Zhang N,Liu FL,2014.Research on biological characteristics of Armillaria mellea.Journal of Fungal Research,12(4):229-232(in Chinese)
Shaw CGI,Kile GA,1991.Armillaria root disease.Agriculture Handbook,691:1-233
Sinclair W,Lyon HH,2005.Diseases of trees and shrubs.2nd ed.Comstock Publishing,Amercian.1-616
Smith ML,Anderson JB,1992.The fungus Armillaria bulbosa is among the largest and oldest living or ganisms.Nature,356(6368):428-431
Snider PJ,1959.Stages of development in rhizomorphic thalli of Armillaria mellea.Mycologia,51(5):693-707
Wang HC,2007.Systematic studies on Armillaria from China.PhD Dissertation,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing.1-118(in Chinese)
Worrall JJ,Sullivan KF,Harrington TC,Joseph PS,2004.Incidence,host relations and population structure of Armillaria ostoyae in Colorado campgrounds.Forest Ecology and Management,192(2-3):191-206
Zhao J,Qin GF,Dai YC,2005.Newly recorded biological species of Chinese Armillaria.Mycosystema,24(2):164-173(in Chinese)
Zhao J,Zhao J,2007.Armillaria species indigenous to China and their application to Gastrodia elata cultivation.Acta Edulis Fungi,14(1):67-72(in Chinese)
戴玉成,秦国夫,徐梅卿,2000.中国东北地区的立木腐朽菌.林业科学研究,13(1):15-22
门金鑫,邢晓科,郭顺星,2016.蜜环菌生物种及鉴定方法研究进展.菌物学报,35(11):1281-1302
施汉钰,崔巍,郑焕春,张楠,刘凤玲,2014.蜜环菌菌索生物学特性的研究.菌物研究,12(4):229-232
顾雅君,张瑞英,2008.蜜环菌发育(连载二)——菌索、假菌核.中国食用菌,27(5):56-56
季宁,2008.蜜环菌优良菌株的筛选、鉴定及对乌天麻产量的影响.吉林农业大学硕士论文,长春.1-53
罗维成,曾凡江,刘波,张利刚,宋聪,彭守兰,Arndt SK,2012.疏叶骆驼刺根系对土壤异质性和种间竞争的响应.植物生态学报,36(10):1015-1023
秦国夫,2002.中国蜜环菌的遗传学与系统学研究.中国林业科学研究院博士论文,北京.1-144
秦国夫,贺伟,赵俊,田淑敏,沈瑞祥,1999.中国蜜环菌生物种与北美种的交配关系.菌物系统,18(3):243-248
秦国夫,赵俊,郭文辉,沈燕霞,2004.蜜环菌的生物学研究进展.东北林业大学学报,32(6):89-94
秦国夫,赵俊,田淑敏,Korhonen K,戴玉成,刘春如,2000.中国蜜环菌的新生物种.菌物系统,19(4):509-516
贺伟,秦国夫,沈瑞祥,1996.大兴安岭和长白山地区蜜环菌生物种的研究.菌物学报,15(1):9-16
王汉臣,2007.中国蜜环菌属系统学研究.中国科学院研究生院博士学位论文,北京.1-118
赵俊,秦国夫,戴玉成,2005.中国蜜环菌生物种新记录.菌物学报,24(2):164-173
赵俊,赵杰,2007.中国蜜环菌的种类及其在天麻栽培中的应用.食用菌学报,14(1):70-75