已建区雨水排放费分区量化方法研究与应用
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摘要
雨水排放费制度是一种控制降雨径流排放的有效经济管理手段。在城市内涝、面源污染等问题亟待解决及海绵城市建设的大背景下,研究一种具有区域适用性的雨水排放费分区量化征收办法具有重要的现实意义。选择北京市东城区面积为1. 934 km~2的某区域为研究对象,按用地类型将其划分为4种功能分区,依据各功能分区下垫面特征及污染本底情况提出了一套适用于建成区降雨径流水量排放的费用计算公式。通过建立城市排水管网模型模拟研究区不同重现期设计降雨情景下的排口出流量,计算不同功能分区在不同重现期场次降雨情景下的水量费用,以此验证雨水排放费用计算方法及分区量化征收办法的合理性和适用性。结果表明,对于居民住宅区、商业区/商务行政办公区,不同重现期单场次降雨人均水量费用均值分别为0. 25、0. 81元/人,计算结果合理,对鼓励人们进行雨水资源化利用、参与海绵城市建设可起到积极的推动作用。
The fee of rainwater discharge is an effective economic management method to control rainfall runoff discharge. In the context of urban waterlogging & non-point source pollution urgently to be solved and sponge city construction,it is of great practical significance to set up a zoning and quantified collection method of rainwater discharge fee with regional applicability. An area of 1. 934 km~2 in Dongcheng District of Beijing was selected as the research area,which was divided into four functional divisions according to the type of land use. A set of fee calculation formula applicable to the rainfall runoff discharge in the built-up area was proposed according to the underlying surface characteristics of each functional area and the background pollution. An urban drainage pipe network model was established to simulate the discharge rate of the outlet under the designed rainfall scenario with different return periods in the study area,and the discharge fees of different functional zones under the rainfall scenarios with different return periods were calculated,so as to verify the rationality and applicability of the calculation method of rainwater discharge fee and the quantified zoning collection method. The results showed that the average per capita water fees of a single rainfall with different return periods were 0. 25 yuan and 0. 81 yuan for residential area and commercial area/commercial administrative office area. It thus showed that the calculation results were rational,which could promote the utilization of rainwater and the construction of sponge city.
The fee of rainwater discharge is an effective economic management method to control rainfall runoff discharge. In the context of urban waterlogging & non-point source pollution urgently to be solved and sponge city construction,it is of great practical significance to set up a zoning and quantified collection method of rainwater discharge fee with regional applicability. An area of 1. 934 km~2 in Dongcheng District of Beijing was selected as the research area,which was divided into four functional divisions according to the type of land use. A set of fee calculation formula applicable to the rainfall runoff discharge in the built-up area was proposed according to the underlying surface characteristics of each functional area and the background pollution. An urban drainage pipe network model was established to simulate the discharge rate of the outlet under the designed rainfall scenario with different return periods in the study area,and the discharge fees of different functional zones under the rainfall scenarios with different return periods were calculated,so as to verify the rationality and applicability of the calculation method of rainwater discharge fee and the quantified zoning collection method. The results showed that the average per capita water fees of a single rainfall with different return periods were 0. 25 yuan and 0. 81 yuan for residential area and commercial area/commercial administrative office area. It thus showed that the calculation results were rational,which could promote the utilization of rainwater and the construction of sponge city.
引文
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[2]黎靖.我国城市雨水排放费制度的设计研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2011.Li Jing.Research on System Design of Urban Stormwater Discharge Fee in China[D].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2011(in Chinese).
[3]潘兴瑶,李其军,陈建刚,等.城市地区流域洪水过程模拟:以清河为例[J].水力发电学报,2015,34(6):71-80.Pan Xingyao,Li Qijun,Chen Jiangang,et al.Urban area watershed flood simulation with hydraulic model:A case study of Qinghe River in Beijing[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2015,34(6):71-80(in Chinese).
[4]谢帮蜜,左剑恶,干里里,等.欧盟雨水管理的法律政策及技术[J].环境科学与技术,2013,36(6L):433-437.Xie Bangmi,Zuo Jian’e,Gan Lili,et al.Laws,policies and technologies for stormwater management in Europe[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2013,36(6L):433-437(in Chinese).
[5]李俊奇,刘洋,车伍,等.城市雨水减排管制与经济激励政策的思考[J].中国给水排水,2010,26(20):28-33.Li Junqi,Liu Yang,Che Wu,et al.Thinking about urban stormwater discharge reduction and economic incentive policy[J].China Water&Wastewater,2010,26(20):28-33(in Chinese).
[6]Committee on Reducing Stormwater Discharge Contributions to Water Pollution.Urban Stormwater Management in the United States[M].Washington D C:The National Academies Press,2008.
[7]张书函,丁跃元,陈建刚,等.关于实施雨洪利用后防洪费减免办法的探讨[J].北京水利,2005(6):47-49.Zhang Shuhan,Ding Yueyuan,Chen Jiangang,et al.Discussion on way of reducing charge for flood control after application rainwater harvesting[J].Beijing Water Resources,2005(6):47-49(in Chinese).
[8]李俊奇,曾新宇,鹿佳明,等.城市雨水排放费征收标准的量化方法探讨[J].中国给水排水,2008,24(10):1-6.Li Junqi,Zeng Xinyu,Lu Jiaming,et al.Discussion on quantification methods for collection criteria of urban stormwater discharge fees[J].China Water&Wastewater,2008,24(10):1-6(in Chinese).
[9]车伍,桑斌,刘宇,等.城市雨水控制利用标准体系及问题分析[J].中国给水排水,2016,32(10):22-28.Che Wu,Sang Bin,Liu Yu,et al.Analysis on standards for urban stormwater management and some problems[J].China Water&Wastewater,2016,32(10):22-28(in Chinese).
[10]刘绪为,李成江,徐洁,等.海绵城市年径流总量控制率计算方法及应用探讨[J].中国给水排水,2017,33(5):130-133.Liu Xuwei,Li Chengjiang,Xu Jie,et al.Calculation and discussion on volume capture ratios of annual rainfalls in sponge city[J].China Water&Wastewater,2017,33(5):130-133(in Chinese).
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