基于燕尾洲生态护堤模式的金华江流域防洪效应研究
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摘要
气候变化背景下,洪水灾害发生频率增加,在全球范围内造成了破坏性影响。以金华江流域为研究区,以燕尾洲公园生态护堤设计模式为典型,探究不同生态护堤模式替代水泥堤防产生的流域防洪效应。研究利用SWAT模型,模拟不同设计形式和面积比例的生态护堤,在金华江流域洪水过程的流量调控、洪峰削减与水位调节3个方面所产生的效应。研究发现,随着流域范围内更多的水泥堤防被生态护堤所取代,洪水过程线变得更为平缓,年最大一日洪峰削减率最高可达63%,燕尾洲公园生态护堤模式较水泥堤防有良好的洪水削减作用。燕尾洲公园水位调控效果表明,公园生态护堤能够成功抵御模拟年份内所有场次洪水,且能够有效避免河道的硬化和白化,具有较强的推广应用价值。
Rapid urbanization has increased the frequency of flood disasters, causing devastating effects globally. This study selected the Jinhua River Basin as the study area and used the ecological embankment strategies of Yanweizhou Park as a typical model to explore the flood control effects of different ecological embankments. The SWAT(Soil & Water Assessment Tool) model was used to simulate flow regulation, peak flow reduction, and peak stage adjustment in the Jinhua River Basin under 129 embankment scenarios with different design forms and area ratios. The study found that as more concrete embankments were replaced by ecological embankments, the flow during the flow hydrography was smoother, with a maximum annual peak flow reduction rate of 63%. Yanweizhou ecological embankment strategies have better peak flow reduction effects than the concrete embankments. The Yanweizhou ecological embankment strategies can successfully resist all floods during the simulation year, and can effectively prevent the hardening and bleaching of the river, and thus have a strong application value.
Rapid urbanization has increased the frequency of flood disasters, causing devastating effects globally. This study selected the Jinhua River Basin as the study area and used the ecological embankment strategies of Yanweizhou Park as a typical model to explore the flood control effects of different ecological embankments. The SWAT(Soil & Water Assessment Tool) model was used to simulate flow regulation, peak flow reduction, and peak stage adjustment in the Jinhua River Basin under 129 embankment scenarios with different design forms and area ratios. The study found that as more concrete embankments were replaced by ecological embankments, the flow during the flow hydrography was smoother, with a maximum annual peak flow reduction rate of 63%. Yanweizhou ecological embankment strategies have better peak flow reduction effects than the concrete embankments. The Yanweizhou ecological embankment strategies can successfully resist all floods during the simulation year, and can effectively prevent the hardening and bleaching of the river, and thus have a strong application value.
引文
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[31] 郭文扬,余良球,杨明仁,丰根清.金华市洪涝灾害初步分析.浙江气象科技,1990,11(2):42- 43.
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[34] 俞孔坚.论生态治水:“海绵城市”与“海绵国土”.人民论坛·学术前沿,2016,21:6-18.
[2] Peduzzi P.Flooding:prioritizing protection?Nature Climate Change,2017,7(9):625- 626.
[3] Liu Z D,Li J,Zhang Y,Ding G Y,Xu X,Gao L,Liu X N,Liu Q Y,Jiang B F.Distributed lag effects and vulnerable groups of floods on bacillary dysentery in Huaihua,China.Scientific Reports,2016,6:29456.
[4] Li X G.A new method to evaluate floodwater for control/use in high-sediment rivers of Northwest China.Scientific Reports,2017,7:17219.
[5] 陈秀万.中国洪水灾害分析.海洋地质与第四纪地质,1995,15(3):161- 167.
[6] Hallegatte S,Green C,Nicholls R J,Corfee-Morlot J.Future flood losses in major coastal cities.Nature Climate Change,2013,3(9):802- 806.
[7] Alfieri L,Feyen L,Dottori F,Bianchi A.Ensemble flood risk assessment in Europe under high end climate scenarios.Global Environmental Change,2015,35:199- 212.
[8] Kabat P,Fresco L O,Stive M J F,Veerman C P,van Alphen J S L J,Parmet B W A H,Hazeleger W,Katsman C A.Dutch coasts in transition.Nature Geoscience,2009,2(7):450- 452.
[9] Temmerman S,Meire P,Bouma T J,Herman P M J,Ysebaert T,De Vriend H J.Ecosystem-based coastal defence in the face of global change.Nature,2013,504(7478):79- 83.
[10] 赵本良,章家恩,梁开明,孔旭晖,叶延琼,苏贻娟.广州市典型河涌生态堤岸的调查分析及改进对策.生态科学,2014,33(2):390- 395.
[11] 李长安.基于“人-水-地和谐”的长江堤防功能.地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2015,40(2):261- 267.
[12] Evette A,Zanetti C,Cavaillé P,Dommanget F,Mériaux P,Vennetier M.The paradox when managing the riparian zones of rivers with engineered embankments in The French prealps:safety management or the promotion of biodiversity.Revue de Géographie Alpine,2014,102(4):2- 13.
[13] SCAPE景观设计公司.有生命的防波堤—纽约沿海绿色基础设施.景观设计学,2017,5(4):96- 109.
[14] 赵华,庞晓丽,张超.城市水系的生态堤岸设计.北京林业大学学报:社会科学版,2010,9(2):94- 100.
[15] Tockner K,Schiemer F,Ward J V.Conservation by restoration:the management concept for a river-floodplain system on the Danube river in Austria.Aquatic Conservation Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems,1998,8(1):71- 86.
[16] 张谊.论城市水景的生态驳岸处理.中国园林,2003,(1):52- 54.
[17] 冯一民.我国城市河流堤岸景观规划模式初探.中国水利,2009,(4):13- 16.
[18] 孙鹏,王志芳.遵从自然过程的城市河流和滨水区景观设计.城市规划,2000,24(9):19- 22.
[19] Acreman M C,Riddington R,Booker D J.Hydrological impacts of floodplain restoration:a case study of the River Cherwell,UK.Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2003,7(1):75- 85.
[20] 刘静.城市河道生态景观对防洪影响的数值研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2014.
[21] 郭秋峰.河道生态护坡在腊山分洪工程中的应用研究[D].济南:山东大学,2015.
[22] 俞孔坚,俞宏前,宋昱,周水明.弹性景观—金华燕尾洲公园设计.建筑学报,2015,(4):66- 70.
[23] 郑海霞,张陆彪,封志明.金华江流域生态服务补偿机制及其政策建议.资源科学,2006,28(5):30- 35.
[24] 张建全.基于人工神经网络的集合洪水预报研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2016.
[25] 朱建宏,刘艳伟.编制金华站洪水预报模型的几点探索.浙江水利科技,2002,(5):31- 33.
[26] 刘学华,韩兴,梁亮.金华市汛期降水特征分析及年际年代际差异.科技通报,2008,24(6):762- 767.
[27] Ogden F L,Lai W C,Steinke R C,Zhu J T.Validation of finite water‐content vadose zone dynamics method using column experiments with a moving water table and applied surface flux.Water Resources Research,2015,51(5):3108- 3125.
[28] Moriasi D N,Arnold J G,Van Liew M W,Bingner R L,Harmel R D,Veith T L.Model evaluation guidelines for systematic quantification of accuracy in watershed simulations.Transactions of the ASABE,2007,50(3):885- 900.
[29] 佚名.渠道及天然河道的粗糙系数n值表.(2011- 10- 28)[2019-02- 24].https://wenku.baidu.com/view/a400a50d7cd184254b35351e.html?sxts=1524323474321.
[30] Arnold J G,Kiniry J R,Srinivasan R,Williams J R,Haney E B,Neitsch S L.SWAT Input/Output Documentation Version 2012.Texas:Texas Water Resources Institute,2012.
[31] 郭文扬,余良球,杨明仁,丰根清.金华市洪涝灾害初步分析.浙江气象科技,1990,11(2):42- 43.
[32] 金华防汛实时信息发布系统.[2019-02- 24].http://60.191.198.108:8086/map/FloodPublish.aspx?MenuId=18.
[33] 俞孔坚.美丽中国的水生态基础设施:理论与实践,鄱阳湖学刊,2015,10:5-18.
[34] 俞孔坚.论生态治水:“海绵城市”与“海绵国土”.人民论坛·学术前沿,2016,21:6-18.