氨氮胁迫对方斑东风螺六种免疫酶活性的影响
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摘要
本文研究了氨氮对方斑东风螺(Babylonia areolata)的急性毒性及不同浓度的氨氮溶液(22、47.5、102和220 mg/L)对其体内六种免疫酶过氧化氢酶(CAT)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响。实验结果表明:氨氮浓度越大,其毒性作用越强,方斑东风螺死亡率越高;500mg/L氨氮处理组于24h便出现(20.3±2.1)%死亡率,并且96h后存活率降为0。而相同条件下,随试验时间的延长,方斑东风螺死亡率也越高。氨氮浓度和处理时间均对方斑东风螺免疫酶活力有显著的影响(P <0.05)。与对照组相比,处理组CAT和AKP活性均表现出"诱导-抑制"的趋势, ACP和T-SOD活性表现出"抑制-诱导"的趋势, CSH-PX活性呈现"诱导-抑制-诱导"的趋势,而氨氮对处理个体POD活性的影响整体表现为抑制作用。可见,养殖水体中的氨氮会对方斑东风螺免疫酶活性产生较大的影响。本研究从生态现象和生理指标相结合的方式阐述了氨氮对方斑东风螺个体的致毒特性,将对方斑东风螺的养殖具有实用意义,同时丰富了氨氮对贝类毒理实验免疫性能层面的基础数据,并为其他贝类氨氮胁迫实验提供参考。
This study investigated the acute toxicity of ammonia nitrogen and the effects of stress of different ammonia nitrogen concentrations(0, 22, 47.5, 102, and 220 mg/L) on the activities of the following six immune enzymes of Babylonia areolata: catalase(CAT), acid phosphatase(ACP), alkaline phosphatase(AKP), total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX), and peroxidase(POD). Results demonstrated that the higher the concentration of ammonia nitrogen, the stronger the toxicity and the higher the mortality of B. areolata. In the group treated with 500 mg/L ammonia nitrogen, there was 20.3% ± 2.1% mortality at 24 h, and the survival rate decreased to 0% after culturing for 96 h. In addition, the mortality of B. areolata increased with the extension of the test duration. Regarding the enzyme activities, both the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and the treatment duration had a significant effect on the activity of the immune enzymes of B. areolata(P < 0.05). Compared with the control groups, the activities of CAT and AKP exhibited a trend of "induction–suppression, " whereas those of ACP and T-SOD generally demonstrated a "suppression–induction" trend. However, with the extension of ammonia nitrogen treatment duration, the activity of CSH-PX exhibited a trend of "induction–suppression–induction." Furthermore, treatment with ammonia nitrogen had an inhibitory effect on POD activity. These results imply that the ammonia nitrogen present in aquaculture water has a greater impact on the immunoenzyme activities of B. areolata. In this study, the combination of ecological phenomena and physiological indicators was applied to delineate the toxicity characteristics of ammonia nitrogen toward individual B. areolata, and the obtained results would imply a practical significance for the culture of B. areolata. In addition, these results would enrich the basic information about the effect of ammonia nitrogen on the immunity of shellfish in toxicology experiments, which can provide a knowledge and scientific basis that can be applied in ammonia nitrogen stress experiments on other shellfish.
This study investigated the acute toxicity of ammonia nitrogen and the effects of stress of different ammonia nitrogen concentrations(0, 22, 47.5, 102, and 220 mg/L) on the activities of the following six immune enzymes of Babylonia areolata: catalase(CAT), acid phosphatase(ACP), alkaline phosphatase(AKP), total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX), and peroxidase(POD). Results demonstrated that the higher the concentration of ammonia nitrogen, the stronger the toxicity and the higher the mortality of B. areolata. In the group treated with 500 mg/L ammonia nitrogen, there was 20.3% ± 2.1% mortality at 24 h, and the survival rate decreased to 0% after culturing for 96 h. In addition, the mortality of B. areolata increased with the extension of the test duration. Regarding the enzyme activities, both the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and the treatment duration had a significant effect on the activity of the immune enzymes of B. areolata(P < 0.05). Compared with the control groups, the activities of CAT and AKP exhibited a trend of "induction–suppression, " whereas those of ACP and T-SOD generally demonstrated a "suppression–induction" trend. However, with the extension of ammonia nitrogen treatment duration, the activity of CSH-PX exhibited a trend of "induction–suppression–induction." Furthermore, treatment with ammonia nitrogen had an inhibitory effect on POD activity. These results imply that the ammonia nitrogen present in aquaculture water has a greater impact on the immunoenzyme activities of B. areolata. In this study, the combination of ecological phenomena and physiological indicators was applied to delineate the toxicity characteristics of ammonia nitrogen toward individual B. areolata, and the obtained results would imply a practical significance for the culture of B. areolata. In addition, these results would enrich the basic information about the effect of ammonia nitrogen on the immunity of shellfish in toxicology experiments, which can provide a knowledge and scientific basis that can be applied in ammonia nitrogen stress experiments on other shellfish.
引文
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[2]董乔仕.养殖水体氨氮的危害与改良[J].齐鲁渔业,2002, 19(9):10.Dong Qiaoshi. Harm and improvement of ammonianitrogen in aquaculture water[J]. Shandong Fisheries,2002, 19(9):10.
[3] Liu Yajuan, Hu Jing, Zhou Shengjie, et al. Effect of acute ammonia stress on antioxidant enzymes and digestive enzymes in Barramundi lates calcarifer larvae[J].Society of Israeli Aquaculture&Marine Biotechnology,2018, 70:1508-1519.
[4]王贞杰,陈四清,曹栋正,等.急性氨氮胁迫对圆斑星鲽(Verasper variegates)幼鱼鳃和肝组织结构及相关酶活性的影响[J].渔业科学进展, 2017, 38(2):59-69.Wang Zhenjie, Chen Siqing, Cao Dongzheng, et al. Effects of acute ammonia nitrogen stress on histopathology of gill and liver and enzyme activities of juvenile Verasper variegatus[J]. Progress in Fishery Sciences, 2017,38(2):59-69.
[5]孙舰军,丁美丽.氨氮对中国对虾抗病力的影响[J].海洋与湖沼, 1999, 30(3):267-272.Sun jianjun, Ding Meili. Effect of ammonia-N on antidisease ability of Penaeus Chinensis[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 1999, 30(3):267-272.
[6]王程昊,钱琦凡,张耀尹,等.氨氮胁迫对泥蚶免疫酶活性的影响[J].水产研究, 2017, 4(3):65-70.Wang Chenghao, Qian Qifan, Zhang Yaoyi, et al. Effects of ammonia-N stress on the activities of immune enzymes of Tegillarca granosa[J]. Fisheries Research,2017, 4(3):65-70.
[7]樊甄姣,刘志鸿,杨爱国.氨氮对栉孔扇贝血淋巴活性氧含量和抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].海洋水产研究,2005, 26(1):23-27.Fan Zhenjiao, Liu Zhihong, Yang Aiguo. Effect of ammonia-N on the content of ROIs and the activities of antioxidant enzyme in the haemolymph of Chlamys farreri[J]. Marine Fisheries Research, 2005, 26(1):23-27.
[8]刘洪展,郑风荣,孙修勤,等.氨氮胁迫对刺参几种免疫酶活性的影响[J].海洋科学, 2012, 36(8):47-52.Liu Hongzhan, Zheng Fengrong, Sun Xiuqin, et al. Effects of exposure to ammonia nitrogen stress on immune enzymes of holothurian Apostichopus japonicus[J]. Marine Sciences, 2012, 36(8):47-52.
[9]韩春艳,郑清梅,陈桂丹,等.氨氮胁迫对奥尼罗非鱼非特异性免疫的影响[J].南方水产科学, 2014,10(3):47-52.Han Chunyan, Zheng Qingmei, Chen Guidan, et al. Effect of ammonia-N stress on non-specific immunity of tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)[J]. South China Fisheries Science, 2014, 10(3):47-52.
[10]邱德全,周鲜娇,丘明生.氨氮胁迫下凡纳滨对虾抗病力和副溶血弧菌噬菌体防病效果研究[J].水生生物学报, 2008, 32(4):455-461.Qiu Dequan, Zhou Xianjiao, Qiu Mingsheng. Study on anti-disease ability of Litopenaeus vannamei and the biological control of vibrio parahaemolyticus bacteriophage under stresses of ammonia nitrogen[J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 2008, 32(4):455-461.
[11] Romano N, Zeng C. Ontogenetic changes in tolerance to acute ammonia exposure and associated gill histological alterations during early juvenile development of the blue swimmer crab, Portunus pelagicus[J]. Aquaculture, 2007, 266(1):246-254.
[12]张亚娟,王超,刘存歧,等.氨态氮和亚硝态氮对日本沼虾酚氧化酶活力及血蓝蛋白含量的影响[J].水产科学, 2010, 29(1):31-34.Zhang Yajuan, Wang Chao, Liu Cunqi, et al. Effects of ammonia-N and nitrite-N on phenoloxidase activity and hemocyanin content in hemolymph of prawn Macrobrachium nipponense[J]. Fisheries Science, 2010, 29(1):31-34.
[13]钟鸿干,王冬梅,王国福.东风螺的营养与饵料研究进展[J].河北渔业, 2012(9):50-53.Zhong Honggan, Wang Dongmei, Wang guofu. Advances in research on nutrition and diet of Babylonia[J]. Hebei Fisheries, 2012(9):50-53.
[14]师尚丽,冯奕成,郑莲,等.不同pH和盐度下氨氮对方斑东风螺的毒性研究[J].湛江海洋大学学报,2005, 11(6):36-40.Shi Shangli, Feng Yicheng, Zheng Lian, et al. Toxicity of ammonia-N in Babylonia areolata at different pH and salinity[J]. Journal of Zhanjiang Ocean University,2005, 11(6):36-40.
[15]乔顺风,刘恒义,靳秀云,等.养殖水体氨氮积累危害与生物利用[J].河北渔业, 2006(1):20-22.Qiao Shunfeng, Liu Hengyi, Jinxiuyun, et al. Damage and biological utilization of ammonia nitrogen accumulation in aquaculture water[J]. Heibei Fisheries,2006(1):20-22.
[16]魏国富.淡水养殖水体氨氮成分累积的危害性分析[J].南方农业, 2015, 9(21):205-207.Wei Guofu. Hazard analysis of ammonia nitrogen accumulation in freshwater aquaculture[J]. South China Agriculture, 2015, 9(21):205-207.
[17]余瑞兰,聂湘平,魏泰莉,等.分子氨和亚硝酸盐对鱼类的危害及其对策[J].中国水产科学, 1999, 6(3):73-77.Yu Ruilan, Nie Xiangping, Wei Taili, et al. Toxicity of molecular ammonia and nitrite to fish and the control measures[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,1999, 6(3):73-77.
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