田湾河流域地貌和水系对泥石流分布的影响
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摘要
田湾河流域易发生泥石流,近年来发生泥石流的分布在其左右岸呈现较大差异,左岸发生过泥石流的沟谷数远小于右岸。通过实地考察,获取流域的特征数据,对沟谷比降特征和水系发育情况进行分析。研究发现,田湾河右岸的沟床比降为"先缓后陡"型,而左岸沟谷为"先陡后缓"型,后者沟谷发育更趋于成熟,沟谷形态相对稳定,不易发生泥石流;左右岸Horton比均在合理范围,然而右岸水系更加发育且右岸沟谷形态尚不稳定,右岸的各级Horton比的变幅较左岸大,河网形态对泥石流触发有不同影响。
The Tianwan River Basin is prone to occur debris flow. In recent years,the distribution of debris flow in the basin is quite different between the left bank and the right bank. The number of gully where debris flow occurred on the left bank is much smaller than that on the right bank. Through on-the-spot investigation,the characteristic data of the basin are obtained,and the characteristics of the gully gradient and the development of the water system are analyzed. It is found that the gully gradient on the right bank of Tianwan River is " first slow and then steep",while that on the left bank is " first steep and then slow". the latter is more mature,and the shape of gully is correspondingly stable so that debris flow is not easy to occur; the ratio of Horton on both banks is in a reasonable range,but the right bank is more developed and the shape of gully on the right bank is still unstable,and the variation of Horton ratio at all levels on the right bank is larger than that on the left bank. The shape of river network has different triggering effects on debris flow.
The Tianwan River Basin is prone to occur debris flow. In recent years,the distribution of debris flow in the basin is quite different between the left bank and the right bank. The number of gully where debris flow occurred on the left bank is much smaller than that on the right bank. Through on-the-spot investigation,the characteristic data of the basin are obtained,and the characteristics of the gully gradient and the development of the water system are analyzed. It is found that the gully gradient on the right bank of Tianwan River is " first slow and then steep",while that on the left bank is " first steep and then slow". the latter is more mature,and the shape of gully is correspondingly stable so that debris flow is not easy to occur; the ratio of Horton on both banks is in a reasonable range,but the right bank is more developed and the shape of gully on the right bank is still unstable,and the variation of Horton ratio at all levels on the right bank is larger than that on the left bank. The shape of river network has different triggering effects on debris flow.
引文
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[13]罗文峰,李后强,丁晶,等. Horton定律及分枝网络结构的分形描述[J].水科学进展,1998,9(2):118-123.
[14]余国安,王兆印,刘乐,等.新构造运动影响下的雅鲁藏布江水系发育和河流地貌特征[J].水科学进展,2012,23(2):163-169.
[15] Batty M. Physical phenomena[J]. Geographical Magazine,1992,(7):35-36.
[16]陈彦光,刘继生.水系结构的分形与分维:Horton水系定律的模型重建及其参数分析[J].地球科学进展,2001,16(2):178-183.
[2]王鸿,杨中福,周灵. SNS柔性防护系统在泥石流治理工程中的探讨[J].山西建筑,2008,34((3):129-130.
[3]张若琳,孟晖,连建发.基于GIS的中国泥石流易发性评价[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2013,40(4):379-386.
[4]罗元华.论泥石流灾害风险评估方法[J].中国矿业,2000,9(6):70-72.
[5]张军,乔建平,张晓刚,等.田湾河流域泥石流灾害与公路防护方案研究[C]//中国水土保持学会.海峡两岸山地灾害与环境保育研究:第三卷.昆明:云南科学出版社,2002:451-458.
[6]胡发德.四川贡嘎山地区的泥石流及其防治[J].水土保持通报,1985(5):38-42.
[7]张新社,孙萍萍,胡炜,等.安县雎水河流域泥石流特征及形成条件研究[J].西北地质,2014,47(3):133-139.
[8]张晨,陈剑平,王清,等.基于分形理论和流域水系分布特征的泥石流研究[J].水利学报,2011,42(3):351-356.
[9]蒋忠信.泥石流流域系统的超熵[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1992,3(1):33-40.
[10]戚国庆,黄润秋.泥石流成因机理的非饱和土力学理论研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2003,14(3):12-15.
[11]陈姜,刘泽敏,李雪梅,等.田湾河大发水电站“8·10”特大泥石流灾害案例分析[J].云南水力发电,2014,30(s1):10-11.
[12]谢洪,刘维明,赵晋恒,等.四川石棉2012年“7·14”唐家沟泥石流特征[J].地球科学与环境学报,2013,35(4):90-97.
[13]罗文峰,李后强,丁晶,等. Horton定律及分枝网络结构的分形描述[J].水科学进展,1998,9(2):118-123.
[14]余国安,王兆印,刘乐,等.新构造运动影响下的雅鲁藏布江水系发育和河流地貌特征[J].水科学进展,2012,23(2):163-169.
[15] Batty M. Physical phenomena[J]. Geographical Magazine,1992,(7):35-36.
[16]陈彦光,刘继生.水系结构的分形与分维:Horton水系定律的模型重建及其参数分析[J].地球科学进展,2001,16(2):178-183.