黄土丘陵沟壑区生态移民过程及其生态系统服务价值评价——以宁夏海原县为例
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摘要
以海原县为研究对象,以2000、2005、2010年和2015年遥感数据为基础数据,综合运用土地利用动态度、生态系统服务价值评价模型、地理探测器等模型对海原县2000—2015年的生态系统服务价值时空变化进行研究。结果显示:2000—2015年海原县土地利用类型发生明显变化,林地、建设用地、水域以及园地面积分别增加24 532.56 hm~2、13 233.71 hm~2、1 093.58 hm~2和812.16 hm~2,而耕地、草地和未利用地面积呈下降趋势,其中未利用面积下降幅度最大,共减少21 333.05 hm~2;研究期间海原县生态系统服务价值呈现出逐年增加的变化趋势,由2000年的37.25×10~8元增加至2015年的62.23×10~8元,变化率为67.07%,而林地、园地和水域面积的增加是海原县生态系统服务价值增加的关键;从生态系统服务价值空间分布来看,海原县生态系统服务价值在空间呈现出由西南向东北递减的变化趋势;研究期间研究区生态系统单项服务价值均呈现出增加的变化趋势,其中废物处理和水源涵养增加量最大,其次是生物多样性和气候调节,而食物生产、原材料生产以及娱乐文化增加量最低,说明海原县的生态系统调节服务>支持服务>供给服务>文化服务;通过地理探测器诊断发现草地、园地、林地、气候调节、土壤形成与保护、生物多样性保护的决定力q值均>0.8,说明这6项因子对研究区生态系统服务价值变化具有重要的影响作用。
Taking Haiyuan County,Ninxia Pvovince,China as the research object,based on the remotely sensed data in 2000,2005,2010 and 2015,the land use dynamics,ecosystem service value evaluation model and Geo-detection model are used to map the ecology of Haiyuan County from 2000 to 2015 to analyze the temporal and spatial changes in ecosystem service value.The results show that the land use types in Haiyuan County have been changed significantly from 2000 to 2015.The area of forest land,construction land,water area and garden area were increased by 24 532.56 hm~2,13 233.71 hm~2,1 093.58 hm~2 and 812.16 hm~2 respectively,while the cultivated land,grassland and unused land area showed a declining trend with the unused land area being decreased the most by 21 333.05 hm~2.During the 15 years,the ecosystem services value in Haiyuan County showed an increasing trend from 37.25×10~8 yuan in 2000 to 62.23×10~8 yuan in 2015 with the change rate of 67.07%.The increase of forest land,garden land and water area was the key to the increase of the ecosystem services value in Haiyuan County.From the perspective of the spatial distribution of the ecosystem service value,it displayed a decreasing trend from southwest to northeast.The value of individual service in the study area showed an increasing trend,with the largest increase in waste treatment and water conservation,followed by biodiversity and climate regulation.The food production,raw material production and entertainment culture were having the lowest increase.It indicated a list in the descending order of the ecosystem services value as follows: the ecosystem adjustment Services,Support Services,Supply Services and Culture Services.The deterministic q values of grassland,garden,forest land,climate regulation,soil formation and protection,and biodiversity conservation were all larger than 0.8,which indicated that these six factors had important impact on the changes in the ecosystem services value in the study area.
Taking Haiyuan County,Ninxia Pvovince,China as the research object,based on the remotely sensed data in 2000,2005,2010 and 2015,the land use dynamics,ecosystem service value evaluation model and Geo-detection model are used to map the ecology of Haiyuan County from 2000 to 2015 to analyze the temporal and spatial changes in ecosystem service value.The results show that the land use types in Haiyuan County have been changed significantly from 2000 to 2015.The area of forest land,construction land,water area and garden area were increased by 24 532.56 hm~2,13 233.71 hm~2,1 093.58 hm~2 and 812.16 hm~2 respectively,while the cultivated land,grassland and unused land area showed a declining trend with the unused land area being decreased the most by 21 333.05 hm~2.During the 15 years,the ecosystem services value in Haiyuan County showed an increasing trend from 37.25×10~8 yuan in 2000 to 62.23×10~8 yuan in 2015 with the change rate of 67.07%.The increase of forest land,garden land and water area was the key to the increase of the ecosystem services value in Haiyuan County.From the perspective of the spatial distribution of the ecosystem service value,it displayed a decreasing trend from southwest to northeast.The value of individual service in the study area showed an increasing trend,with the largest increase in waste treatment and water conservation,followed by biodiversity and climate regulation.The food production,raw material production and entertainment culture were having the lowest increase.It indicated a list in the descending order of the ecosystem services value as follows: the ecosystem adjustment Services,Support Services,Supply Services and Culture Services.The deterministic q values of grassland,garden,forest land,climate regulation,soil formation and protection,and biodiversity conservation were all larger than 0.8,which indicated that these six factors had important impact on the changes in the ecosystem services value in the study area.
引文
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[2] LIU Xiaopeng,CHEN Xiao,HUA Kaiping,et al.Effects of land use change on ecosystem services in arid area ecological migration[J].Chinese Geographical Science,2018,28(5):894-906.
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[5] DAILY GC.Nature’s services:Societal dependence on nature ecosystem[M].Washington DC:Island Press,1997
[6] SINCLAIR K E,MARSHALL S J,MORAN T A.A Lagrangian approach to modelling stable isotopes in precipitation over mountainous terrain[J].Hydrological Processes,2011,25(16):2481-2491.
[7] BOLUND P,HUNHAMMAR S.Ecosystem services in urban areas[J].Ecological Economics,1999,29(2):293-301.
[8] POLASKY S,NELSON E,PENNINGTON D,et al.The impact of land-use change on ecosystem services,biodiversity and returns to landowners:A case study in the state of Minnesota[J].Environmental and Resource Economics,2011,48(2):219-242.
[9] 谢高地,甄霖,鲁春霞,等.一个基于专家知识的生态系统服务价值化方法[J].自然资源学报,2008,23(5):911-919.[XIE Gaodi,ZHEN Lin,LU Chunxia,et al.A method of ecosystem service value based on expert knowledge[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2008,23(5):911-919.]
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[11] 叶延琼,章家恩,陈丽丽,等.城市化背景下广佛都市圈农林生态系统服务价值[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(5):1619-1627.[YE Yanqiong,ZHANG Jia’en,CHEN Lili,et al.The service value of agriculture and forestry ecosystem in Guangfo City circle under urbanization[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,2016,27(5):1619-1627.]
[12] 张骞,高明,杨乐,等.1988—2013年重庆市主城九区生态用地空间结构及其生态系统服务价值变化[J].生态学报,2017,37(2):566-575.[ZHANG Qian,GAO Ming,YANG Le,et al.Spatial structure of ecological land and its ecosystem service value changes in the nine districts of the main city of Chongqing from 1988 to 2013[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2017,37(2):566-575.]
[13] 严恩萍,林辉,王广兴,等.1990-2011年三峡库区生态系统服务价值演变及驱动力[J].生态学报,2014,34(20):5962-5973.[YAN Enping,LIN Hui,WANG Guangxing,et al.Evolution and driving force of ecosystem service value in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area from 1990 to 2011[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(20):5962-5973]
[14] 李晓炜,侯西勇,邸向红,等.从生态系统服务角度探究土地利用变化引起的生态失衡——以莱州湾海岸带为例[J].地理科学,2016,36(8):1197-1204.[LI Xiaowei,HOU Xiyong,DI Xianghong,et al.Exploring the ecological imbalance caused by land use change from the perspective of ecosystem services:Taking Laizhou Bay coastal zone as an example[J].Geography Science,2016,36(8):1197-1204.]
[15] 郜红娟,罗绪强,韩会庆,等.贵州山区公路沿线生态系统服务价值变化[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,40(1):135-141.[GAO Hongjuan,LUO Xuqiang,HAN Huiqing,et al.Change of ecosystem service value along the highway in Guizhou mountainous area[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition),2016,40(1):135-141.]
[16] 王雅,蒙吉军.黑河中游土地利用变化对生态系统服务的影响[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(1):200-207.[WANG Ya,MENG Jijun.Impacts of land use change on ecosystem services in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin[J].Arid Zone Research,2017,34(1):200-207.]
[17] 唐宏,张新焕,杨德刚.农户生态移民意愿及影响因素研究——基于新疆三工河流域的农户调查[J].自然资源学报,2011,26(10):1658-1669.[TANG Hong,ZHANG Xinhuan,YANG Degang.Farmers’ willingness and influencing factors of ecological immigration:Based on the survey of farmers in the Sangong River Basin of Xinjiang[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2011,26(10):1658-1669.]
[18] 王永平,吴晓秋,黄海燕,等.土地资源稀缺地区生态移民安置模式探讨—以贵州省为例[J].生态经济,2014,30(1):66-69,82-82.[WANG Yongping,WU Xiaoqiu,HUANG Haiyan,et al.Discussion on the ecological resettlement modes in the scarce land resource regions:A case study of Guizhou Province[J].Ecological Economy,2014,30(1):66-69,82-82.]
[19] 史俊宏.生态移民生计转型风险管理:一个整合的概念框架与牧区实证检验[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(11):37-42.[SHI Junhong.Risk management of eco-migration livelihood transformation:An integrated conceptual framework and empirical test of pastoral areas[J].Arid Land Resources and Environment,2015,29(11):37-42.]
[20] 贾耀锋.中国生态移民效益评估研究综述[J].资源科学,2016,38(8):1550-1560.[JIA Yaofeng.A review of the evaluation of ecological immigration benefits in China[J].Resources Science,2016,38(8):1550-1560.]
[21] 金莲,王永平,黄海燕,等.贵州省生态移民可持续发展的动力机制[J].农业现代化研究,2013,34(4):403-407.[JIN Lian,WANG Yongping,HUANG Haiyan,et al.Dynamic mechanism of sustainable development of ecological migration in Guizhou Province[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2013,34(4):403-407.]
[22] 李屹峰,罗玉珠,郑华,等.青海省三江源自然保护区生态移民补偿标准[J].生态学报,2013,33(3):764-770.[LI Yifeng,LUO Yuzhu,ZHENG Hua,et al.Compensation criteria for ecological migration in Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve,Qinghai Province[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2013,33(3):764-770.]
[23] 芦清水,赵志平.应对草地退化的生态移民政策及牧户响应分析—基于黄河源区玛多县的牧户调查[J].地理研究,2009,28(1):143-152,277-277.[LU Qingshui,ZHAO Zhiping.Ecological immigration policy and herd response analysis to deal with grassland degradation:Based on the investigation of pastoral households in Maduo County of the Yellow River[J].Geographical Research,2009,28(1):143-152,277-277.]
[24] 王鹏,王亚娟,刘小鹏,等.基于景观结构的生态移民安置区生态风险评价—以宁夏红寺堡区为例[J].生态学报,2018,38(8):2672-2682.[WANG Peng,WANG Yajuan,LIU Xiaopeng,et al.Ecological risk assessment of ecological resettlement area based on landscape structure:Taking Hongsibu district of Ningxia as an example[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(8):2672-2682.]
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