典型生态保育区农户对环境变化的感知研究——基于宁夏党家岔湿地自然保护区的农户调研
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摘要
以典型生态保育区宁夏党家岔湿地自然保护区社区农户为研究案例,采用参与式农户评估方法,计量了当地社区农户生计多样性,分析了农户对环境变化的感知,测度了农户对自然保护区保护与发展的策略选择的认知。结果表明:1)当地农户多为贫困人口,受教育程度普遍较低,老龄化问题突出,三代同堂的大家庭占90. 91%。小型家庭、主流家庭和巨型家庭的生计多样性指数分别为1. 45、2. 68和2. 64; 2)不同背景标签的农户对湿地生态环境变化的感知表现出认知偏差,对居住村落环境变化的感知体现出空间层次性; 3)当地农户更关注短期生计利益,更关心居所村落"小环境"的改善,对自然保护区不能直接获得经济效益的"大生态环境"的保育与恢复不太关注。
In this study,a participatory rural appraisal was used to study community farmers in Dangjiaba Wetland Nature Reserve in Ningxia; the diversity of livelihoods of farmers was measured,the farmers' perceptions of environmental changes were analyzed,and the farmers' understanding of cognition of strategy choice of conservation and development of Nature Reserves was discussed.The results show:( 1) Most of the local community farmers are poor,with generally lower levels of education,aging issue is prominent; large families with three generations account for 90.91%.Livelihood diversity indices for small-scale,mainstream and mega-family families are 1.45,2.68 and 2.64,respectively.( 2) The farmers with different background labels show one-sidedness in their perceptions of the changes in the ecological environment of the wetlands,and their perceptions of the changes in the living environment in the villages show spatial hierarchy.( 3) Local farmers pay more attention to the interests of short-term livelihoods,they concern more about the improvement of housing environment,and scarcely concern about the conservation and restoration of ecological environment in which nature reserves cannot directly obtain economic benefits.
In this study,a participatory rural appraisal was used to study community farmers in Dangjiaba Wetland Nature Reserve in Ningxia; the diversity of livelihoods of farmers was measured,the farmers' perceptions of environmental changes were analyzed,and the farmers' understanding of cognition of strategy choice of conservation and development of Nature Reserves was discussed.The results show:( 1) Most of the local community farmers are poor,with generally lower levels of education,aging issue is prominent; large families with three generations account for 90.91%.Livelihood diversity indices for small-scale,mainstream and mega-family families are 1.45,2.68 and 2.64,respectively.( 2) The farmers with different background labels show one-sidedness in their perceptions of the changes in the ecological environment of the wetlands,and their perceptions of the changes in the living environment in the villages show spatial hierarchy.( 3) Local farmers pay more attention to the interests of short-term livelihoods,they concern more about the improvement of housing environment,and scarcely concern about the conservation and restoration of ecological environment in which nature reserves cannot directly obtain economic benefits.
引文
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[20]王子侨,石翠萍,蒋维,等.社会-生态系统体制转换视角下的黄土高原乡村转型发展-以长武县洪家镇为例[J].地理研究,2016,35(8):1510-1524.
[21]王常伟,顾海英.农户环境认知、行为决策及其一致性检验-基于江苏农户调查的实证分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(10):1204-1208.
[22]李青,薛珍.塔里木河流域居民生态认知与支付行为空间异质性研究-基于上中下游2133个居民调查数据[J].干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(1):14-21.
[23]马道明.太湖污染中居民的环境感知与行动分析[J].河海大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2015,17(6):30-35.
[24]马斯洛,著.许金声,译.动机与人格(第三版)[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2013.
[25]潘影,甄霖,杨莉,等.宁夏固原市生态保育对农民福祉的影响初探[J].干旱区研究,2012,29(3):553-560.
[26]韩文文,刘小鹏,裴银宝,等.不同地貌背景下民族村农户生计脆弱性及其影响因子[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(4):1229-1240.
[2]Jones L,Boyd E. Exploring social barriers to adaptation:Insights from Western Nepal[J]. Global Environmental Change,2011,21(4):1262-1274.
[3]赵雪雁.不同生计方式农户的环境感知-以甘南高原为例[J].生态学报,2012,32(21):6776-6787.
[4]Slegers M F W. If only it would rain:Farmers’perceptions of rainfall and drought in semi-arid central Tanzania[J]. Journal of Arid Environments,2008,72(11):2106-2123.
[5]Bryndís A W,HelleN,Anders B P,et al. Farmers’perceptions of climate change and their likely responses in Danish agriculture[J]. Land Use Policy,2017,65(6):109-120.
[6]Jamie Z,Jennie L H,Karen Z,et al. Environmental perceptions and objective walking trail audits inform a community-based participatory research walking intervention[J]. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity,2012,9(1):6-13.
[7]卞莹莹,宋乃平.农牧交错带不同生计方式农户对生态环境的感知和适应-以宁夏盐池县皖记沟村为例[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2014,40(2):210-222.
[8]郭秀丽,周立华,陈勇.典型沙漠化地区农户对生态环境变化的感知与适应-以内蒙古自治区杭锦旗为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(3):64-69.
[9]乔斌,何彤慧,苏芝屯.自然保护区社区共管模式的四个维度研究[J].环境科学与管理,2017,42(8):168-171.
[10]段伟,赵正,刘梦婕,等.保护区周边农户自然资源依赖度研究[J].农业技术经济,2016(3):93-102.
[11]韩锋,王昌海,赵正,等.农户对自然保护区综合影响的认知研究-以陕西省国家级自然保护区为例[J].资源科学,2015,37(1):102-111.
[12]Mcginlay J,Gowing D J G,Budds J. The threat of abandonment in socio-ecological landscapes:Farmers’motivations and perspectives on high nature value grassland conservation[J]. Environmental Science&Policy,2017,69(3):39-49.
[13]王博杰,唐海萍.人类福祉及其在生态学研究中的应用与展望[J].生态与农村环境学报,2016,32(5):697-702.
[14]尚燕,颜廷武,张童朝,等.从众意识对农民秸秆焚烧危害认知的影响-基于鲁、鄂两省的农民调查[J].干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(2):44-51.
[15]刘彦随,周扬,刘继来.中国农村贫困化地域分异特征及其精准扶贫策略[J].中国科学院院刊,2016,31(3):269-278.
[16]阎建忠,吴莹莹,张镱锂,等.青藏高原东部样带农牧民生计的多样化[J].地理学报,2009,64(2):221-233.
[17]郭玲霞,封建民,孙铂.陕北生态脆弱区农民环境感知状况及其影响因素[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(4):235-241.
[18]王玉明.地理环境演化趋势的熵变化分析[J].地理学报,2011,66(11):1508-1517.
[19]Orchard S,Stringer L C,Quinn C. Exploring mangrove social-ecological system dynamics in South-East Asia:L linking livelihoods,vulnerability and ecosystem services in Vietnam[R]. Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy Working Paper No. 169,the Sustainability Research Institute,2014.
[20]王子侨,石翠萍,蒋维,等.社会-生态系统体制转换视角下的黄土高原乡村转型发展-以长武县洪家镇为例[J].地理研究,2016,35(8):1510-1524.
[21]王常伟,顾海英.农户环境认知、行为决策及其一致性检验-基于江苏农户调查的实证分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(10):1204-1208.
[22]李青,薛珍.塔里木河流域居民生态认知与支付行为空间异质性研究-基于上中下游2133个居民调查数据[J].干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(1):14-21.
[23]马道明.太湖污染中居民的环境感知与行动分析[J].河海大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2015,17(6):30-35.
[24]马斯洛,著.许金声,译.动机与人格(第三版)[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2013.
[25]潘影,甄霖,杨莉,等.宁夏固原市生态保育对农民福祉的影响初探[J].干旱区研究,2012,29(3):553-560.
[26]韩文文,刘小鹏,裴银宝,等.不同地貌背景下民族村农户生计脆弱性及其影响因子[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(4):1229-1240.
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