长白山不同林型土壤有机碳特征
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摘要
采用野外采样与室内分析相结合的方法,研究了长白山北坡6种不同林型(阔叶林、针叶林、云冷杉、岳桦林、岳桦-苔原、高山苔原)土壤有机碳及其组分的含量,分析了土壤有机碳分布与铁铝氧化物和黏粒矿物组成之间的关系。结果表明:不同林型之间,阔叶林土壤的有机碳、胡敏素碳、颗粒有机碳、2～0.25 mm大团聚体碳和0.25～0.053 mm微团聚体碳含量最高,云冷杉土壤的易氧化碳含量最高而水溶性有机碳、胡敏酸碳、富里酸碳和颗粒有机碳含量最低;此外,岳桦林土壤的胡敏酸碳和富里酸碳含量显著高于其他林型土壤,岳桦-苔原土壤的水溶性有机碳含量显著高于其他林型土壤,而高山苔原土壤的有机碳和易氧化碳含量显著低于其他林型土壤。相关性分析表明,土壤有机碳含量与非晶质氧化铝含量呈显著的正相关关系(P<0.05),富里酸碳含量与游离氧化铝含量呈显著的正相关关系(P<0.05),而0.25～0.053 mm微团聚体有机碳含量与2种形态氧化铝含量都呈显著的正相关关系(P<0.05)。上述结果指出,不同林型条件下各有机碳及其组分差异显著。
The contents of soil organic carbon and its components in six different forest types(including broad-leaved forest, coniferous forest, spruce-fir forest, betula ermanii forest, betula ermanii-tundra transition and tundra) on the northern slope of Changbai Mountain were studied by means of field sampling and laboratory analysis. The distribution of soil organic carbon, iron-aluminum oxides and clay mineral groups were analyzed. The results showed that in different forest types, the contents of organic carbon, humin carbon, particulate organic carbon, 2 ～ 0.25 mm macroaggregate carbon and 0.25 ～ 0.053 mm microaggregate carbon in broadleaf forest soils were the highest. The content of easily oxidized carbon in soil of spruce-fir forest was the highest while that of water-soluble organic carbon, humic acid carbon, fulvic acid carbon and particulate organic carbon were the lowest. In addition, the contents of humic acid carbon and fulvic acid carbon in the soil of betula ermanii forest were significantly higher than those of other forest types. The content of water-soluble organic carbon in the soil of betula ermanii-tundra transition were significantly higher than those of other forest types, while the contents of organic carbon and easily oxidized carbon in the soil of tundra were significantly lower than those of other forest types. Correlation analysis showed that soil organic carbon contents were positively correlated with amorphous alumina contents(P < 0.05), fulvic acid carbon contents were positively correlated with free alumina contents(P < 0.05), and organic carbon contents of 0.25 ～ 0.053 mm microaggregate were positively correlated with the contents of two kinds of alumina(P < 0.05). These results indicated that the significant differences in organic carbon and its components were observed under different forest types.
The contents of soil organic carbon and its components in six different forest types(including broad-leaved forest, coniferous forest, spruce-fir forest, betula ermanii forest, betula ermanii-tundra transition and tundra) on the northern slope of Changbai Mountain were studied by means of field sampling and laboratory analysis. The distribution of soil organic carbon, iron-aluminum oxides and clay mineral groups were analyzed. The results showed that in different forest types, the contents of organic carbon, humin carbon, particulate organic carbon, 2 ～ 0.25 mm macroaggregate carbon and 0.25 ～ 0.053 mm microaggregate carbon in broadleaf forest soils were the highest. The content of easily oxidized carbon in soil of spruce-fir forest was the highest while that of water-soluble organic carbon, humic acid carbon, fulvic acid carbon and particulate organic carbon were the lowest. In addition, the contents of humic acid carbon and fulvic acid carbon in the soil of betula ermanii forest were significantly higher than those of other forest types. The content of water-soluble organic carbon in the soil of betula ermanii-tundra transition were significantly higher than those of other forest types, while the contents of organic carbon and easily oxidized carbon in the soil of tundra were significantly lower than those of other forest types. Correlation analysis showed that soil organic carbon contents were positively correlated with amorphous alumina contents(P < 0.05), fulvic acid carbon contents were positively correlated with free alumina contents(P < 0.05), and organic carbon contents of 0.25 ～ 0.053 mm microaggregate were positively correlated with the contents of two kinds of alumina(P < 0.05). These results indicated that the significant differences in organic carbon and its components were observed under different forest types.
引文
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[2] 徐慧风,刘兴土,陈景文.长白山区沟谷沼泽湿地乌拉苔草(Carex meyeriana)地上生物量与土壤有机质和氮素相关性分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,6(1):356-359.
[3] Keiluweit M,Nico P S.Dynamic molecular structure of plant biomass-derived black carbon (biochar) [J].Environmental Science and Technology,2010,44(4):1247-1253.
[4] 刘中良,宇万太.土壤团聚体中有机碳研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(2):447-455.
[5] 胡慧蓉,马焕成,罗承德,等.森林土壤有机碳分组及其测定方法[J].土壤通报,2010,41(4):1018-1024.
[6] Imre S,Tímea M,Willy M.Mass size distribution of carbon in atmospheric humic-like substances and water soluble organic carbon for an urban environment [J].Journal of Aerosol Science,2013,56:53-60.
[7] Chen Y,Chen G,David R.Large amounts of easily decomposable carbon stored in subtropical forest subsoil are associated with r-strategy-dominated soil microbes [J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2016,95:233-242.
[8] 谢锦升,杨玉盛,陈光水,等.土壤颗粒有机质研究进展[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,2009,4(4):43-52.
[9] Vasilevich R S,Beznosikov V A.Effect of climate changes in the holocene on the distribution of humic substances in the profile of forest-tundra peat mounds [J].Soil Chemistry,2017,11:1312-1324.
[10] 薛龙飞,罗小锋,吴贤荣.中国四大林区固碳效率:测算、驱动因素及收敛性[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(8):1351-1363.
[11] 赵山山.温带森林土壤有机碳特征初步研究[D].长春:东北林业大学,2013.
[12] Wang D,He N,Wang Q,et al.Effects of temperature and moisture on soil organic matter decomposition along elevation gradients on the Changbai Mountain,northeast China [J].Pedosphere,2016,26:399-407.
[13] 张雪,韩士杰,王树起,等.长白山白桦林不同演替阶段土壤有机碳组分的变化[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(2):282-289.
[14] Zhang M,Zhang X K,Liang W J,et al.Distribution of soil organic carbon fractions along the altitudinal gradient in Changbai Mountain,China [J].Pedosphere,2011,21(5):615-620.
[15] 鲁如坤.土壤农化分析手册[M].3版.北京:农业科技出版社,2000.
[16] Blair G J,Lefroy R D B,Lisle L.Soil carbon fractions based on their degree of oxidation,and the development of a carbon management index for agricultural systems [J].Australian Journal of Agriculture Research,1995,46:1459-1466.
[17] Zhang J,Hu F,Li H,et al.Effects of earthworm activity on humus composition and humic acid characteristics of soil in a maize residue amended rice-wheat rotation agroecosystem [J].Applied Soil Ecology,2011,51:1-8.
[18] Cambardella C A,Elliott E T.Carbon and nitrogen distributions in aggregates from cultivated and grassland soils [J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1993,57:1071-1076.
[19] Elliott E,Palm C,Reuss D E,et al.Organic matter contained in soil aggregates from a tropical chronosequence:Correction for sand and light fraction [J].Agriculture Ecosystems Environment 1991,34:443-451.
[20] 郭聃.长白山植被垂直带地形控制机制研究[D].长春:东北师范大学,2014.
[21] 李步杭,王绪高,张健,等.长白山温带森林阔叶红松林及其次生杨桦林的物种组成及其分布格局[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2010.
[22] 于海艳,宫汝宁,周娅,等.北京八达岭地区4种人工林土壤团聚体稳定性及有机碳特征[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(5):162-166.
[23] 白秀梅,韩有志,郭汉清.庞泉沟自然保护区典型森林土壤大团聚体特征[J].生态学报,2014,34(7):1654-1662.
[24] Wilson C A,Cloy J M,Graham M C,et al.A microanalytical study of iron,aluminium and organic matter relationships in soils with contrasting hydrological regimes [J].Geoderma,2013,202/203:71-81.
[25] 衡利沙,王代长,蒋新,等.黄棕壤铁铝氧化物与土壤稳定性有机碳和氮的关系[J].环境科学,2010,31(11):2748-2755.
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