不同钝化剂组合对水稻各部位吸收积累Cd及产量的影响
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摘要
为筛选出能有效抑制水稻各部位吸收积累Cd及提高产量的有机和无机材料钝化剂组合,选取贵州存在稻米镉超标的水稻土,以水稻盆栽试验研究15种钝化剂组合对土壤中可交换态Cd、水稻各部位吸收积累Cd及稻谷产量的影响。结果表明:施用15种钝化剂组合使土壤pH上升0.25～1.04,土壤阳离子交换量增加2.65%～50.96%,土壤有机质上升0.22%～17.20%,土壤可交换态Cd含量降低5.21%～20.56%;水稻根系、秸秆、稻壳和糙米中Cd含量分别降低6.66%～45.58%、12.88%～49.76%、27.15%～59.79%和12.85%～68.62%,稻谷产量增加20.59%～62.14%,水稻根、秸秆、稻壳和糙米富集系数范围分别为1.01～1.67、0.16～0.28、0.12～0.22和0.09～0.24,根系对Cd的富集能力最大。施用生石灰+钝化剂1+鸡粪、生石灰+钝化剂2+鸡粪、生石灰+钝化剂3+鸡粪和生石灰+钝化剂4+鸡粪4种钝化剂具有较好的降Cd效果,均使糙米中Cd含量低于0.2 mg·kg~(-1),符合国家食品污染物限量标准,且其增产作用又明显。该结果可为贵州山区稻田Cd污染土壤改良及安全利用提供科学依据。
【Objective】As a toxic heavy metal element, Cd(Cadmium) pollution of the soil is a global threat to human health. Compared to the other heavy metals, Cd is easily absorbed by roots and transported to tender shoots of plants and accumulated therein, thus contaminating the edible parts of a variety of crops. Rice(Oryza sativa) is liable to absorb Cd from soil and store it in grain. Therefore,Cd pollution in paddy soil is becoming an increasingly serious problem in China. In view of the current situation of soil Cd pollution in China, i.e. low in pollution level and extensive, in pollution area, insitu remediation technology has become one of the hot spots in the study on remediation of heavy metal contaminated farmland soil in China. Therefore, this study is oriented to explore effects of Cd pollution passivators, organic and inorganic, on Cd adsorption and accumulation and yield rice as affected by combination of the paasivator.【Method】Paddy fields that yielded rice with Cd exceeding the standard for food safety in Guizhou Province were selected as research object, and soils were collected from the fields to cultivate rice in a pot experiment, which was designed to have 15 treatments, that is, Treatment 1(L as quicklime); Treatment 2(M as chicken manure); Treatment 3(D1 as Silicon-sulfhydryl ≥45% in effective ingredient); Treatment 4(D2 as mixture of CaO≥20%, SiO2 4%, K2 O:4%, MgO 5%, S 2%, free water 8%and organic carbon 8%), Treatment 5(D3 as mixture of CaO 24%, SiO2 3%, free water 8% and organic carbon 8%); Treatment 6(D4 as mixture of CaO 30%, SiO2 35%, MgO 5%, Fe(OH)2 3 %, free water 5% and organic carbon 8 %); Treatment 7(L+M); Treatment 8(L+D1); Treatment 9(L+D2); Treatment 10(L+D3);Treatment 11(L+D4); Treatment 12(L+D1+M); Treatment 13(L+D2+M); Treatment 14(L+D3+M); and Treatment 15(L+D4+M). At the end of the exchangeable Cd content in the paddy soil, Cd content in root,straw, husk, and brown rice and rice yield were measured and analyzed in attempt to screen out the most effective treatment to mitigate Cd hazard and increase rice yield.【Result】15 treatments increased soil pH by 0.25～1.04, soil CEC by 2.65%～50.96% and soil organic matter by 0.22%～17.20%. and reduced exchangeable Cd content by 5.21%～20.56% in the soil. And they reduced Cd content in root, straw,husk and brown rice by 6.66%～45.58%, 12.88%～49.76%, 27.15%～59.79%, and 12.85%～68.62%,respectively, while increasing rice yield by 20.59%～62.14%. Cd enrichment coefficient of rice root, straw,husk and brown rice varied in the range of 1.01～1.67, 0.16～0.28, 0.12～0.22 and 0.09～0.24, respectively.Obviously root was the highest in Cd enrichment capacity. It was found in this experiment that Cd bioconcentration factor(BCF) of root, straw, husk, brown rice varied in the range of 1.01～1.67, 0.16～0.28,0.12～0.22 and 0.09～0.24, respectively, All the findings illustrate that root is the highest in Cd enrichment capacity, and the application of the 15 kinds of passivators reduces Cd accumulation in rice. Treatments12, 13, 14 and 15 or the application of L+D1+M, L+D2+M, L+D3+M, L+D4+M are the most effective in reducing Cd content in various rice organs and increasing rice yield. What is more important is that, the above four treatments keep Cd content in brown rice below 0.2 mg·kg~(-1), which meets the requirement set in the National Food Standards(GB 2762-2017).【Conclusion】In a word, the passivators of L+D1+M,L+D2+M, L+D3+M and L+D4+M can reduce Cd absorption and accumulation in different parts of rice, and increase rice yield. The findings may provide a certain scientific basis for the improvement and utilization of Cd-polluted paddy soil and ensure safe production of rice in mountainous areas of Guizhou Province.
【Objective】As a toxic heavy metal element, Cd(Cadmium) pollution of the soil is a global threat to human health. Compared to the other heavy metals, Cd is easily absorbed by roots and transported to tender shoots of plants and accumulated therein, thus contaminating the edible parts of a variety of crops. Rice(Oryza sativa) is liable to absorb Cd from soil and store it in grain. Therefore,Cd pollution in paddy soil is becoming an increasingly serious problem in China. In view of the current situation of soil Cd pollution in China, i.e. low in pollution level and extensive, in pollution area, insitu remediation technology has become one of the hot spots in the study on remediation of heavy metal contaminated farmland soil in China. Therefore, this study is oriented to explore effects of Cd pollution passivators, organic and inorganic, on Cd adsorption and accumulation and yield rice as affected by combination of the paasivator.【Method】Paddy fields that yielded rice with Cd exceeding the standard for food safety in Guizhou Province were selected as research object, and soils were collected from the fields to cultivate rice in a pot experiment, which was designed to have 15 treatments, that is, Treatment 1(L as quicklime); Treatment 2(M as chicken manure); Treatment 3(D1 as Silicon-sulfhydryl ≥45% in effective ingredient); Treatment 4(D2 as mixture of CaO≥20%, SiO2 4%, K2 O:4%, MgO 5%, S 2%, free water 8%and organic carbon 8%), Treatment 5(D3 as mixture of CaO 24%, SiO2 3%, free water 8% and organic carbon 8%); Treatment 6(D4 as mixture of CaO 30%, SiO2 35%, MgO 5%, Fe(OH)2 3 %, free water 5% and organic carbon 8 %); Treatment 7(L+M); Treatment 8(L+D1); Treatment 9(L+D2); Treatment 10(L+D3);Treatment 11(L+D4); Treatment 12(L+D1+M); Treatment 13(L+D2+M); Treatment 14(L+D3+M); and Treatment 15(L+D4+M). At the end of the exchangeable Cd content in the paddy soil, Cd content in root,straw, husk, and brown rice and rice yield were measured and analyzed in attempt to screen out the most effective treatment to mitigate Cd hazard and increase rice yield.【Result】15 treatments increased soil pH by 0.25～1.04, soil CEC by 2.65%～50.96% and soil organic matter by 0.22%～17.20%. and reduced exchangeable Cd content by 5.21%～20.56% in the soil. And they reduced Cd content in root, straw,husk and brown rice by 6.66%～45.58%, 12.88%～49.76%, 27.15%～59.79%, and 12.85%～68.62%,respectively, while increasing rice yield by 20.59%～62.14%. Cd enrichment coefficient of rice root, straw,husk and brown rice varied in the range of 1.01～1.67, 0.16～0.28, 0.12～0.22 and 0.09～0.24, respectively.Obviously root was the highest in Cd enrichment capacity. It was found in this experiment that Cd bioconcentration factor(BCF) of root, straw, husk, brown rice varied in the range of 1.01～1.67, 0.16～0.28,0.12～0.22 and 0.09～0.24, respectively, All the findings illustrate that root is the highest in Cd enrichment capacity, and the application of the 15 kinds of passivators reduces Cd accumulation in rice. Treatments12, 13, 14 and 15 or the application of L+D1+M, L+D2+M, L+D3+M, L+D4+M are the most effective in reducing Cd content in various rice organs and increasing rice yield. What is more important is that, the above four treatments keep Cd content in brown rice below 0.2 mg·kg~(-1), which meets the requirement set in the National Food Standards(GB 2762-2017).【Conclusion】In a word, the passivators of L+D1+M,L+D2+M, L+D3+M and L+D4+M can reduce Cd absorption and accumulation in different parts of rice, and increase rice yield. The findings may provide a certain scientific basis for the improvement and utilization of Cd-polluted paddy soil and ensure safe production of rice in mountainous areas of Guizhou Province.
引文
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[2]Tsukahara T,Ezaki T,Moriguchi J,et al.Rice as the most influential source of cadmium intake amonggeneral Japanese population.Science of the Total Environment,2003,305(1):41—51
[3]Clemens S,Aarts M G,Thomine S,et al.Plant science:The key to preventing slow cadmium poisoning.Trends in Plant Science,2013,18(2):92-99
[4]武超,张兆吉,费宇红,等.天津污灌区水稻土壤汞形态特征及其食品安全评估.农业工程学报,2016,32(18):207-212Wu C,Zhang Z J,Fei Y H,et al.Characteristics of mercury form in soil-rice system and food security assessment in wastewater-irrigated paddy fields of Tianjin(In Chinese).Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(18):207-212
[5]Yang Y,Xiong J,Chen R,et al.Excessive enhances cadmium(Cd)uptake by up-regulating the expression of OsIRTl in rice(Oryza sativa).Environm nitrate ental&Experimental Botany,2016,122:141—149
[6]Duan G,Shao G,Tang Z,et al.Genotypic and environmental variations in grain cadmium and arsenic concentrations among a panel of high yielding rice cultivars.Rice,2017,10(1).DOI 10.1186/S12284-017-0149-2
[7]Wu H,Cui L,Zeng G,et al.The interactions of composting and biochar and their implications for soil amendment and pollution remediation:A review.Critical Reviews in Biotechnology,2017,37(6):754-764
[8]Hussain L A,Zhang Z,Guo Z,et al.Potential use of lime combined with additives on(im)mobilization and phytoavailability of heavy metals from Pb/Zn smelter contaminated soils.Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2017,145:313—323
[9]王宇霞,郝秀珍,苏玉红,等.不同钝化剂对Cu、Cr和Ni复合污染土壤的修复研究.土壤,2016,48(1):123-130Wang Y X,Hao X Z,Su Y H,et al.Remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil with different amendments(In Chinese).Soils,2016,48(1):123-130
[10] Pardo T,Bernal M P,Clemente R.Efficiency of soil organic and inorganic amendments on the remediation of a contaminated mine soil:I.Effects on trace elements and nutrients solubility and leaching risk.Chemosphere,2014,107:121—128
[11]Pardo T,Clemente R,Alvarenga P,et al.Efficiency of soil organic and inorganic amendments on theremediation of a contaminated mine soil:Ⅱ.Biological and ecotoxicological evaluation.Chemosphere,2014,107:101-108
[12]Wu Y J,Zhou H,Zou Z J,et al.A three-year insitu study on the persistence of a combined amendment(limestone+sepiolite)for remedying paddy soil polluted with heavy metals.Ecotoxicology&Environmental Safety,2016,130:163—170
[13]Zhou H,Zhou X,Zeng M,et al.Effects of combined amendments on heavy metal accumulation in rice(Oryza sativa L.)planted on contaminated paddy soil.Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2014,101(1):226—232
[14]胡雪芳,田志清,梁亮,等.不同改良剂对铅镉污染农田水稻重金属积累和产量影响的比较分析.环境科学,2018,39(7):3409—3417Hu X F,Tian Z Q,Liang L,et al.Comparative analysis of different soil amendment treatments on rice heavy metal accumulation and yield effect in Pb and Cd contaminated farmland(In Chinese).Environmental Science,2018,39(7):3409-3417
[15]谢运河,纪雄辉,田发祥,等.不同Cd污染特征稻田施用钝化剂对水稻吸收积累Cd的影响.环境工程学报,2017,11(2):1242—1250Xie Y H,Ji X H,Tian F X,et al.Effect of passivator on Cd uptaking of rice in different Cd pollution character-istics paddy soils(In Chinese).Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2017,11(2):1242-1250
[16]Guo F,Ding C,Zhou Z,et al.Effects of combined amendments on crop yield and cadmium uptake in two cadmium contaminated soils under rice-wheat rotation.Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2017,148:303-310
[17]生态环境部,国家市场监督管理总局.GB 15619-2018土壤环境质量-农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行).2018Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China,State Administration for Market Regulation.GB 1 56 1 9-20 1 8 Soil environmental quality:Risk control standard for soil contamination of agricultural land(In Chinese).2018
[18]张甘霖,龚子同.土壤调查实验室分析方法.北京:科学出版社,2012:38—84Zhang G L,Gong Z T.Soil survey laboratory methods(In Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,2012:38-84
[19]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会,国家食品药品监督管理总局.GB2762-2017食品安全国家标准-食品中污染物限量.2017National Health and Family Planning Commission of People's Republic of China,China Food and Drug Administration.GB2762-2017 National food safety standard:Quantity of pollutants in food(In Chinese).2017
[20]Eriksson J E.The influence of pH,soil type and time on adsorbtion and uptake by plants of Cd added to the soil.Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,1989,48:317-335
[21]刘维涛,周启星.不同土壤改良剂及其组合对降低大白菜镉和铅含量的作用.环境科学学报,2010,30(9):1846-1853Liu W T,Zhou Q X.Effectiveness of different soil ameliorants in reducing concentrations of Cd and Pb in Chinese cabbage(In Chinese).Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2010,30(9):1846—1853
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