干旱区景观格局演变及碳收支状况研究:以塔里木盆地为例
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摘要
基于多源遥感影像,从景观格局和空间耦合的角度对塔里木盆地景观格局演变进行分析,并结合当地碳收支状况,分析景观格局演变对碳收支的影响。结果表明:(1)在气候变化和人类活动影响下,塔里木盆地植被状况有变好趋势,有林地、耕地面积明显增加,草地面积略微增加;(2)塔里木盆地碳收支状况良好,呈现碳汇状态,且碳汇能力逐渐增强;(3)以防沙固碳和输水导水为目的的人类活动改善了塔里木盆地生态环境,在气候变化背景下应进一步加大治理力度。
By considering the coupling of landscape patterns and space,the evolution of landscape patterns in Tarim Basin was studied through analyzing multi-source remote sensing images. The influence of landscape pattern on carbon budget was also investigated in this study. The results show that:(1)The vegetation condition in Tarim Basin becomes better due to the positive influence of climate change and human activities. The woodland area and the cultivated area both significantly increased while the grassland area slightly increased;(2)The carbon budget in Tarim Basin is in good condition with carbon sequestration. Its capacity gradually increased from 2001 to 2010;(3)Although current human activities including sand prevention and carbon fixation,water delivery,and water conductivity improved the ecological environment in Tarim Basin,further ecological management should be carried out considering climate change impacts.
By considering the coupling of landscape patterns and space,the evolution of landscape patterns in Tarim Basin was studied through analyzing multi-source remote sensing images. The influence of landscape pattern on carbon budget was also investigated in this study. The results show that:(1)The vegetation condition in Tarim Basin becomes better due to the positive influence of climate change and human activities. The woodland area and the cultivated area both significantly increased while the grassland area slightly increased;(2)The carbon budget in Tarim Basin is in good condition with carbon sequestration. Its capacity gradually increased from 2001 to 2010;(3)Although current human activities including sand prevention and carbon fixation,water delivery,and water conductivity improved the ecological environment in Tarim Basin,further ecological management should be carried out considering climate change impacts.
引文
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[4]蒋烨林,王让会,彭擎,等.基于熵权物元模型的土壤养分评价:以新疆干旱区艾比湖流域人工绿洲为例[J].生态与农村环境学报,2017,33(9):852-859.[JIANG Ye-lin,WANG Rang-hui,PENG Qing,et al. Soil Nutrients Evaluation Based on Entropy Weight and Matter Element(EWME)Model:A Case Study on Artificial Oasis in the Ebinur Lake Basin,an Arid Zone of Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2017,33(9):852-859.]
[5] WANG S,FU B J,HE C S,et al. A Comparative Analysis of For-est Cover and Catchment Water Yield Relationships in Northern China[J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2011,262(7):1189-1198.
[6]陈亚宁,李稚,范煜婷,等.西北干旱区气候变化对水文水资源影响研究进展[J].地理学报,2014,69(9):1295-1304.[CHEN Ya-ning,LI Zhi,FAN Yu-ting,et al. Research Progress on the Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources in the Arid Region of Northwest China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica,2014,69(9):1295-1304.]
[7]张月,张飞,王娟,等.近40年艾比湖湿地自然保护区生态干扰度时空动态及景观格局变化[J].生态学报,2017,37(21):7082-7097.[ZHANG Yue,ZHANG Fei,WANG Juan,et al.Analysis of the Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Landscape Pat-terns and Hemeroby Index of the Ebinur Lake Wetland Nature Reserve,Xinjiang,Over the Last 40 Years[J]. Acta Ecologica Si-nica,2017,37(21):7082-7097.]
[8]师满江,颉耀文,曹琦.干旱区绿洲农村居民点景观格局演变及机制分析[J].地理研究,2016,35(4):692-702.[SHI Man-jiang,XIE Yao-wen,CAO Qi. The Landscape Evolution and Mechanism Analysis of Rural Settlements in the Oasis of Arid Re-gion[J]. Geographical Research,2016,35(4):692-702.]
[9]李蓓蓓,方修琦,叶瑜,等.中国东北地区过去300年耕地开垦导致的碳收支[J].中国科学:地球科学,2014,44(9):1987-1996.
[10] NIU S L,SHERRY R A,ZHOU X H,et al. Ecosystem Carbon Fluxes in Response to Warming and Clipping in a Tall Grass Prai-rie[J]. Ecosystems,2013,16(6):948-961.
[11] WU C F,LI G,YUE W Z,et al. Effects of Endogenous Factors on Regional Land-Use Carbon Emissions Based on the Grossman De-composition Model:A Case Study of Zhejiang Province,China[J]. Environmental Management,2015,55(2):467-478.
[12]韩其飞,罗格平,李超凡,等.基于Biome-BGC模型的天山北坡森林生态系统碳动态模拟[J].干旱区研究,2014,31(3):375-382.[HAN Qi-fei,LUO Ge-ping,LI Chao-fan,et al. Simula-tion of Carbon Trend in Forest Ecosystem in Northern Slope of the Tianshan Mountains Based on Biome-BGC Model[J]. Arid Zone Research,2014,31(3):375-382.]
[13]吴晓全,王让会,李成,等.天山植被NPP时空特征及其对气候要素的响应[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(11):1848-1855.[WU Xiao-quan,WANG Rang-hui,LI Cheng,et al. Spatial-Tem-poral Characteristics of NPP and Its Response to Climatic Factors in Tianshan Mountains Region[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2016,25(11):1848-1855.]
[14]杨青,何清.塔里木河流域的气候变化、径流量及人类活动间的相互影响[J].应用气象学报,2003,14(3):309-320.[YANG Qing,HE Qing. Interrelationship of Climate Change,Runoff and Human Activities in Tarim River Basin[J]. Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,2003,14(3):309-320.]
[15]金炯,董光荣,申建友.新疆塔里木盆地的现代气候状况[J].干旱区资源与环境,1994,8(3):12-21.[JIN Jiong,DONG Guang-rong,SHEN Jian-you. The Contemporary Climate of Tarim Basin,Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Enviro-ment,1994,8(3):12-21.]
[16]王顺德,王彦国,王进,等.塔里木河流域近40 a来气候、水文变化及其影响[J].冰川冻土,2003,25(3):315-320.[WANG Shun-de,WANG Yan-guo,WANG Jing,et al. Change of Climate and Hydrology in the Tarim River Basin During Past40 Years and Their Impact[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocry-ology,2003,25(3):315-320.]
[17]何书金,王秀红,邓祥征,等.中国西部典型地区土地利用变化对比分析[J].地理研究,2006,25(1):79-85,185.[HE Shu-jin,WANG Xiu-hong,DENG Xiang-zheng,et al. Analysis on Influencing Factors of Land Use Change in Three Typical Areas of Western China[J]. Geographical Research,2006,25(1):79-85,185.]
[18]杨依天,郑度,张雪芹,等. 1980—2010年和田绿洲土地利用变化空间耦合及其环境效应[J].地理学报,2013,68(6):813-824.[YANG Yi-tian,ZHENG Du,ZHANG Xue-qin,et al. The Spatial Coupling of Land Use Changes and Its Environmental Ef-fects on Hotan Oasis During 1980-2010[J]. Acta Geographica Si-nica,2013,68(6):813-824.]
[19]刘纪远.中国资源环境遥感宏观调查与动态研究[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1996:158-188.
[20]李长青,苏美玲,杨新吉勒图.内蒙古碳汇资源估算与碳汇产业发展潜力分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(5):162-168.[LI Chang-qing,SU Mei-ling,YANG Xin-ji-le-tu. Carbon Sink Industry Development Potential in Inner Mongolia[J]. Jour-nal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2012,26(5):162-168.]
[21]赖力.中国土地利用的碳排放效应研究[D].南京:南京大学,2010.[LAI Li. Carbon Emission Effect of Land Use in China[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing University,2010.]
[22]段晓男,王效科,逯非,等.中国湿地生态系统固碳现状和潜力[J].生态学报,2008,28(2):463-469.[DUAN Xiao-nan,WANG Xiao-ke,LU Fei,et al. Carbon Sequestration and Its Po-tential by Wetland Ecosystems in China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sini-ca,2008,28(2):463-469.]
[23]李克让.土地利用变化和温室气体净排放与陆地生态系统碳循环[M].北京:气象出版社,2002:260.
[24] WEST T O,MARLAND G. A Synthesis of Carbon Sequestration,Carbon Emissions,and Net Carbon Flux in Agriculture:Compar-ing Tillage Practices in the United States[J]. Agriculture,Ecosys-tems&Environment,2002,91(1/2/3):217-232.
[25]智静,高吉喜.中国城乡居民食品消费碳排放对比分析[J].地理科学进展,2009,28(3):429-434.[ZHI Jing,GAO Ji-xi.Analysis of Carbon Emission Caused by Food Consumption in Ur-ban and Rural Inhabitants in China[J]. Progress in Geography,2009,28(3):429-434.]
[26]潘丹.考虑资源环境因素的中国农业生产率研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2012.[PAN Dan. Study on China Agricultural Productivity Incorporating Water Resource and Agricultural Non-Point Sources Pollution Factors[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing Agri-cultural University,2012.]
[27]伍芬琳,李琳,张海林,等.保护性耕作对农田生态系统净碳释放量的影响[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(12):2035-2039.[WU Fen-lin,LI Lin,ZHANG Hai-lin,et al. Effects of Conserva-tion Tillage on Net Carbon Flux From Farmland Ecosystems[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2007,26(12):2035-2039.]
[28]苏洋,马惠兰,颜璐.新疆农地利用碳排放时空差异及驱动机理研究[J].干旱区地理,2013,36(6):1162-1169.[SU Yang,MA Hui-lan,YAN Lu. Spatial-Temporal Differences and Driving Mechanism of Agricultural Land Use Carbon Emission in Xinjiang[J]. Arid Land Geography,2013,36(6):1162-1169.]
[29]王金南,蔡博峰,曹东,等.中国CO2排放总量控制区域分解方案研究[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(4):680-685.[WANG Jin-nan,CAI Bo-feng,CAO Dong,et al. Scenario Study on Re-gional Allocation of CO2Emissions Allowance in China[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2011,31(4):680-685.]
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