砂粒粒径对日本囊对虾存活、生长及行为特性的影响
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摘要
研究了有无砂粒底质及不同粒径砂粒对日本囊对虾存活、生长及行为特性的影响。试验结果显示,3种砂粒底质组日本囊对虾的成活率和特定生长率均高于无砂组(P<0.05),而蜕皮频率低于无砂组(P<0.05);在砂粒底质中,细砂组成活率最高(P<0.05),而特定生长率和蜕皮频率无显著差异(P>0.05)。不同砂粒处理对日本囊对虾的行为影响显著,投喂前、后无砂组试验虾的运动率、攻击频率均高于3种砂粒底质组(P<0.05),而寻食虾比率则低于细砂组,高于中砂组和粗砂组。砂粒底质组中,投喂前、后试验虾的寻食虾比率和攻击频率以细砂组最高,运动率则以粗砂组最高(P<0.05)。试验结果亦表明,日本囊对虾在细砂组中的埋栖深度较深,但所需潜砂时间较长;体色改变比例随着砂粒粒径增大而升高,第二触角完整比例则随着砂粒粒径增大而降低。综合比较3种砂粒底质,日本囊对虾更偏好砂粒粒径<0.5 mm的细砂。
The effects of grain size on survival, growth, and behavior of kuruna shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus were evaluated under indoor conditions. Three grain size groups(SGS: <0.5 mm, MGS: 1—2 mm, LGS: >2.5 mm) and the control group were designed. The results showed that the survival rate(SR) and the specific growth rate(SGR) in three grain size groups were significantly higher than that in the control group, but the molting frequency(MR) was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05). The maximal SR in the grain size groups was the SGS group(P<0.05), without significantly difference in the SGR and MR among three grain size groups. Grain substrate also had a significant effect on the behavior of M. japonicus. The locomotion rate(LR) and the attacking frequency(AF) were significantly higher in the control group than those in the grain size groups before and after feeding. Also the feeding ratio(FR) was higher than the MGS and LGS group, but lower than the SGS group. In the grain size groups, the FR and AR were the highest in the SGS group, however the LR was highest in the control group(P<0.05). It is also observed that the burrowing depth of M. japonicas in SGS group was the largest, but the burying time in SGS group was also the longest. The proportion of body color change shrimps increased gradually with the increasing grain size and the proportion with complete second antenna decreased gradually with the increasing grand size. Therefore, M. japonicas preferred the fine-grained sand of grain size less than 0.5 mm.
The effects of grain size on survival, growth, and behavior of kuruna shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus were evaluated under indoor conditions. Three grain size groups(SGS: <0.5 mm, MGS: 1—2 mm, LGS: >2.5 mm) and the control group were designed. The results showed that the survival rate(SR) and the specific growth rate(SGR) in three grain size groups were significantly higher than that in the control group, but the molting frequency(MR) was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05). The maximal SR in the grain size groups was the SGS group(P<0.05), without significantly difference in the SGR and MR among three grain size groups. Grain substrate also had a significant effect on the behavior of M. japonicus. The locomotion rate(LR) and the attacking frequency(AF) were significantly higher in the control group than those in the grain size groups before and after feeding. Also the feeding ratio(FR) was higher than the MGS and LGS group, but lower than the SGS group. In the grain size groups, the FR and AR were the highest in the SGS group, however the LR was highest in the control group(P<0.05). It is also observed that the burrowing depth of M. japonicas in SGS group was the largest, but the burying time in SGS group was also the longest. The proportion of body color change shrimps increased gradually with the increasing grain size and the proportion with complete second antenna decreased gradually with the increasing grand size. Therefore, M. japonicas preferred the fine-grained sand of grain size less than 0.5 mm.
引文
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[2] 李义军,李婷,王平,等.日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)3个野生种群和1个养殖种群的形态差异与判别分析[J].海洋与湖沼,2010,41(4):500-504.
[3] 李鸿鹏,富裕,任夙艺,等.舟山近海日本囊对虾野生群体与越冬养成群体形态性状对体重和肉重影响的比较[J].海洋与湖沼,2015,46(5):1218-1227.
[4] 农业农村部渔业渔政管理局,全国水产技术推广总站,中国水产学会.2018年中国渔业统计年鉴[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2018.
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[6] 张沛东,张倩,张秀梅,等.底质类型对中国明对虾存活、生长及行为特征的影响[J].中国水产科学,2014,21(5):1079-1086.
[7] 张沛东,张秀梅,李健,等.中国明对虾、凡纳滨对虾仔虾的行为观察[J].水产学报,2008,32(2):223-228.
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[9] Zhang B,Lin W,Wang Y,et al.Effects of artificial substrates on growth,spatial distribution and non-specific immunity factors of Litopenaeus vannamei in the intensive culture condition[J].Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,2010,10(4):491-497.
[10] Somers I F,Poiner I R,Harris A N.A study of the species composition and distribution of commercial penaeid prawns of Torres Strait[J].Marine and Freshwater Research,1987,38(1):47-61.
[11] Primavera J H.Fish predation on mangrove-associated penaeids:the role of structures and substrate[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,1997,215(2):205-216.
[12] Macia A,Abrantes K G S,Paula J.Thorn fish Terapon jarbua (Forsk?l) predation on juvenile white shrimp Penaeus indicus H.Milne Edwards and brown shrimp Metapenaeus monoceros (Fabricius):the effect of turbidity,prey density,substrate type and pneumatophore density[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2003,291(1):29-56.
[13] Tsoi K H,Chan T Y,Chu K H.Molecular population structure of the kuruma shrimp Penaeus japonicus,species complex in western Pacific[J].Marine Biology,2007,150(6):1345-1364.
[14] 宋晓红,毛勇,董宏标,等.两种形态变异类型日本囊对虾稚虾高温耐受性的比较[J].水产学报,2014,38(1):84-90.
[15] 董宏标,苏永全,毛勇,等.室内环境下日本囊对虾2种形态变异类型群体生长特性比较研究[J].热带海洋学报,2014,33(4):51-60.
[16] 富裕,李鸿鹏,任夙艺,等.舟山近海日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)野生群体与露天养殖越冬群体间的形质差异[J].海洋与湖沼,2016,47(1):91-98.
[17] 刘璐,吴立新,张伟光,等.饥饿及再投喂对日本囊对虾糖代谢的影响[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(3):697-700.
[18] 张林娟,潘鲁青,栾治华.pH变化对日本囊对虾仔虾离子转运酶活力和存活、生长的影响[J].水产学报,2008,32(5):758-764.
[19] 李玉全.日本囊对虾的争胜行为及其与温度的关系[J].江苏农业科学,2014,42(8):231-232.
[20] 秦浩,王仁杰,来守敏,等.养殖密度、饵料种类和丰度对日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)争胜行为的影响[J].渔业科学进展,2015,36(4):105-108.
[21] Miyazaki T,Yamaguchi K,Yasumoto S,et al.Electron microscopy on the heart of kuruma prawn Penaeus japonicus artificially infected with penaeid rod-shaped DNA virus[J].Fish Pathology,2008,43(3):97-105.
[22] 陈丽,白雪松,张晓君,等.日本对虾(Penaeus japonicus)病原需钠弧菌(Vibrio natriegens)表型与分子特征及LAMP检测方法的建立[J].海洋与湖沼,2012,43(6):1227-1232.
[23] 王庚申,施慧,谢建军,等.白斑综合症病毒在日本囊对虾精养池塘中的动态变化[J].水产科学,2017,36(6):763-767.
[24] Caipang C M,Verjan N,Ooi E L,et al.Enhanced survival of shrimp,Penaeus (Marsupenaeus) japonicus from white spot syndrome disease after oral administration of recombinant VP28 expressed in Brevibacillus brevis[J].Fish & Shellfish Immunology,2008,25(3):315-320.
[25] Bulbul M,Kader M A,Koshio S,et al.Effect of replacing fishmeal with canola meal on growth and nutrient utilization in kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicas,(Bate) [J].Aquaculture Research,2014,45(5):848-858.
[26] 郑静静,刘建勇,蒋湘,等.日本囊对虾早期生长性状遗传参数估计[J].中国水产科学,2017,24(4):710-717.
[27] 蒋湘,郑静静,谢妙,等.日本囊对虾耐高氨氮与生长性状的遗传参数估计[J].水产科学,2017,36(6):700-706.
[28] 臧维玲,戴习林,姚庆祯,等.底质对日本对虾幼虾生长的影响[J].上海海洋大学学报,2003,12(1):72-75.
[29] 徐涵,熊慧,吴亚林,等.养殖密度、底质类型对日本囊对虾生长、存活的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2015,54(4):923-925.
[30] 刘勇克.沙底质和隐蔽物对三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)行为习性、成活率和生长影响的初步研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2009.
[31] 徐永健,申屠基康,丁张妮,等.砂粒粒径与砂层厚度对单体筐养养殖系统中三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)幼蟹摄食行为与生长特性的影响研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2015,46(1):233-239.
[32] Stepnowski P,Olafsson G,Helgason H,et al.Preliminary study on chemical and physical principles of astaxanthin sorption to fish scales towards applicability in fisheries waste management[J].Aquaculture,2004,232(1):293-303.
[33] Velu C S,Czeczuga B,Munuswamy N.Carotenoprotein complexes in entomostracan crustaceans (Streptocephalus dichotomus and Moina micrura)[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B:Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,2003,135(1):35-42.
[34] 游奎,杨红生,刘鹰,等.不同光源及光照时间对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)游离虾青素含量及生长的影响[J].海洋与湖沼,2005,36(4):296-301.
[35] 杨明,臧维玲,戴习林,等.不同底质对罗氏沼虾幼虾生长的影响[J].水产科技情报,2008,35(3):105-108.
[36] 李旭光,周刚,谷孝鸿.水生甲壳类蜕皮发生过程及其影响因素的研究与进展[J].动物学杂志,2014,49(2):294-302.
[37] Stickle W B,Wyler H J,Dietz T H,et al.Effects of salinity on the juvenile crab physiology and agonistic interactions between two species of blue crabs,Callinectes sapidus and C.similes from coastal Louisiana[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2007,352(2):361-370.
[38] 李惠玉,洪性润.底质对小褐虾生长和存活率影响的实验研究[J].中国水产科学,2007,14(1):90-98.
[39] 陆承平.动物保护概论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1999.
[2] 李义军,李婷,王平,等.日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)3个野生种群和1个养殖种群的形态差异与判别分析[J].海洋与湖沼,2010,41(4):500-504.
[3] 李鸿鹏,富裕,任夙艺,等.舟山近海日本囊对虾野生群体与越冬养成群体形态性状对体重和肉重影响的比较[J].海洋与湖沼,2015,46(5):1218-1227.
[4] 农业农村部渔业渔政管理局,全国水产技术推广总站,中国水产学会.2018年中国渔业统计年鉴[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2018.
[5] 孙成波,李婷,李义军,等.高位池精养日本囊对虾的生长规律[J].大连海洋大学学报,2011,26(4):316-321.
[6] 张沛东,张倩,张秀梅,等.底质类型对中国明对虾存活、生长及行为特征的影响[J].中国水产科学,2014,21(5):1079-1086.
[7] 张沛东,张秀梅,李健,等.中国明对虾、凡纳滨对虾仔虾的行为观察[J].水产学报,2008,32(2):223-228.
[8] Arnold S J,Coman F E,Jackson C J,et al.High-intensity,zero water-exchange production of juvenile tiger shrimp,Penaeus monodon:an evaluation of artificial substrates and stocking density[J].Aquaculture,2009,293(1/2):42-48.
[9] Zhang B,Lin W,Wang Y,et al.Effects of artificial substrates on growth,spatial distribution and non-specific immunity factors of Litopenaeus vannamei in the intensive culture condition[J].Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,2010,10(4):491-497.
[10] Somers I F,Poiner I R,Harris A N.A study of the species composition and distribution of commercial penaeid prawns of Torres Strait[J].Marine and Freshwater Research,1987,38(1):47-61.
[11] Primavera J H.Fish predation on mangrove-associated penaeids:the role of structures and substrate[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,1997,215(2):205-216.
[12] Macia A,Abrantes K G S,Paula J.Thorn fish Terapon jarbua (Forsk?l) predation on juvenile white shrimp Penaeus indicus H.Milne Edwards and brown shrimp Metapenaeus monoceros (Fabricius):the effect of turbidity,prey density,substrate type and pneumatophore density[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2003,291(1):29-56.
[13] Tsoi K H,Chan T Y,Chu K H.Molecular population structure of the kuruma shrimp Penaeus japonicus,species complex in western Pacific[J].Marine Biology,2007,150(6):1345-1364.
[14] 宋晓红,毛勇,董宏标,等.两种形态变异类型日本囊对虾稚虾高温耐受性的比较[J].水产学报,2014,38(1):84-90.
[15] 董宏标,苏永全,毛勇,等.室内环境下日本囊对虾2种形态变异类型群体生长特性比较研究[J].热带海洋学报,2014,33(4):51-60.
[16] 富裕,李鸿鹏,任夙艺,等.舟山近海日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)野生群体与露天养殖越冬群体间的形质差异[J].海洋与湖沼,2016,47(1):91-98.
[17] 刘璐,吴立新,张伟光,等.饥饿及再投喂对日本囊对虾糖代谢的影响[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(3):697-700.
[18] 张林娟,潘鲁青,栾治华.pH变化对日本囊对虾仔虾离子转运酶活力和存活、生长的影响[J].水产学报,2008,32(5):758-764.
[19] 李玉全.日本囊对虾的争胜行为及其与温度的关系[J].江苏农业科学,2014,42(8):231-232.
[20] 秦浩,王仁杰,来守敏,等.养殖密度、饵料种类和丰度对日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)争胜行为的影响[J].渔业科学进展,2015,36(4):105-108.
[21] Miyazaki T,Yamaguchi K,Yasumoto S,et al.Electron microscopy on the heart of kuruma prawn Penaeus japonicus artificially infected with penaeid rod-shaped DNA virus[J].Fish Pathology,2008,43(3):97-105.
[22] 陈丽,白雪松,张晓君,等.日本对虾(Penaeus japonicus)病原需钠弧菌(Vibrio natriegens)表型与分子特征及LAMP检测方法的建立[J].海洋与湖沼,2012,43(6):1227-1232.
[23] 王庚申,施慧,谢建军,等.白斑综合症病毒在日本囊对虾精养池塘中的动态变化[J].水产科学,2017,36(6):763-767.
[24] Caipang C M,Verjan N,Ooi E L,et al.Enhanced survival of shrimp,Penaeus (Marsupenaeus) japonicus from white spot syndrome disease after oral administration of recombinant VP28 expressed in Brevibacillus brevis[J].Fish & Shellfish Immunology,2008,25(3):315-320.
[25] Bulbul M,Kader M A,Koshio S,et al.Effect of replacing fishmeal with canola meal on growth and nutrient utilization in kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicas,(Bate) [J].Aquaculture Research,2014,45(5):848-858.
[26] 郑静静,刘建勇,蒋湘,等.日本囊对虾早期生长性状遗传参数估计[J].中国水产科学,2017,24(4):710-717.
[27] 蒋湘,郑静静,谢妙,等.日本囊对虾耐高氨氮与生长性状的遗传参数估计[J].水产科学,2017,36(6):700-706.
[28] 臧维玲,戴习林,姚庆祯,等.底质对日本对虾幼虾生长的影响[J].上海海洋大学学报,2003,12(1):72-75.
[29] 徐涵,熊慧,吴亚林,等.养殖密度、底质类型对日本囊对虾生长、存活的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2015,54(4):923-925.
[30] 刘勇克.沙底质和隐蔽物对三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)行为习性、成活率和生长影响的初步研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2009.
[31] 徐永健,申屠基康,丁张妮,等.砂粒粒径与砂层厚度对单体筐养养殖系统中三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)幼蟹摄食行为与生长特性的影响研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2015,46(1):233-239.
[32] Stepnowski P,Olafsson G,Helgason H,et al.Preliminary study on chemical and physical principles of astaxanthin sorption to fish scales towards applicability in fisheries waste management[J].Aquaculture,2004,232(1):293-303.
[33] Velu C S,Czeczuga B,Munuswamy N.Carotenoprotein complexes in entomostracan crustaceans (Streptocephalus dichotomus and Moina micrura)[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B:Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,2003,135(1):35-42.
[34] 游奎,杨红生,刘鹰,等.不同光源及光照时间对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)游离虾青素含量及生长的影响[J].海洋与湖沼,2005,36(4):296-301.
[35] 杨明,臧维玲,戴习林,等.不同底质对罗氏沼虾幼虾生长的影响[J].水产科技情报,2008,35(3):105-108.
[36] 李旭光,周刚,谷孝鸿.水生甲壳类蜕皮发生过程及其影响因素的研究与进展[J].动物学杂志,2014,49(2):294-302.
[37] Stickle W B,Wyler H J,Dietz T H,et al.Effects of salinity on the juvenile crab physiology and agonistic interactions between two species of blue crabs,Callinectes sapidus and C.similes from coastal Louisiana[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2007,352(2):361-370.
[38] 李惠玉,洪性润.底质对小褐虾生长和存活率影响的实验研究[J].中国水产科学,2007,14(1):90-98.
[39] 陆承平.动物保护概论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1999.