西双版纳橡胶林土壤磷的分布及与橡胶生长的关系
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摘要
为了研究西双版纳植胶区不同品系橡胶树生长对土壤磷的影响、了解土壤磷变化与橡胶生长的关系,分别在西双版纳不同植胶区(景洪、勐腊、勐海)采集了不同品系、不同割龄橡胶林土壤和橡胶树叶片,分析了土壤全磷、速效磷和橡胶树叶片磷空间变化特征,探讨了土壤磷与橡胶树叶片磷的关系。结果表明,西双版纳不同植胶区、不同品系橡胶林土壤中磷的变化差异较大,橡胶林土壤中全磷以景洪植胶区最高,勐腊、勐海植胶区相对较低,并随橡胶种植品系而变化。RRIM600、GT1品系橡胶林土壤中全磷含量较高、云研-774相对较低,10～20割龄较高、0～10割龄和20～30割龄较低。土壤速效磷含量较低、变异最大;橡胶树叶全磷含量表现为勐腊、景洪>勐海,RRIM600和云研-774最高、GT1较低,低割龄和老割龄磷相对较高。土壤速效磷与橡胶树叶片磷成极显著的正相关,土壤速效氮磷比与对橡胶树叶氮磷比成显著的正相关。橡胶树及土壤磷含量随橡胶树品系、割龄、生长环境而变化;不同割龄、不同品系橡胶树生长对土壤磷含量具有显著的影响。
In order to understand the influence of the growth of different rubber tree(Hevea brasiliensis)varieties on soil phosphorus in rubber plantations occurring in different ecological regions in Xishuangbanna,and to reveal the relationship between soil phosphorus change and the rubber growth,samples of the soils and the rubber tree leaves of different varieties and ages were collected from different growing areas in Xishuangbanna(i.e.,Jinghong,Mengla and Menghai).Total and available phosphorus in the soils and the leaves were measured to examine the spatial variation characteristics and the relationship between the soil and leaf phosphorus.Significant differences in soil phosphorus were found between different growing regions and rubber tree varieties.Soil total phosphorus in Jinghong was higher than in Mengla and Menghai,and varied among different varieties.Soil total phosphorus of RRIM600 and GT1 rubber forest was high,while yunan-774 was relatively low.For different tapping ages,soils of the 10-20~(th) rubber tapping year trees demonstrated higher soil total phosphorus,but lower in the soils of the 0-10~(th) and 20-30~(th) rubber tapping year trees.Compared with soil total phosphorus,soil available phosphorus was low,and exhibited significant variations.The content of total phosphorus in rubber tree leaves was in the order of Mengla,Jinghong>Menghai,RRIM600 and yunyan-774 were high,GT1 was low,and the phosphorus was relatively high at young and old rubber tapping age trees.There was a significant positive correlation between soil available phosphorus and rubber trees leaf phosphorus,and the ratio of soil available nitrogen to phosphorus also showed significantly positive correlation with the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus in rubber tree leaves.Phosphorus content of rubber tree leaves and soil varied with varieties,rubber tapping ages and growth environments.Soil phosphorus content was significantly affected by rubber tree varieties with different rubber tapping ages.
In order to understand the influence of the growth of different rubber tree(Hevea brasiliensis)varieties on soil phosphorus in rubber plantations occurring in different ecological regions in Xishuangbanna,and to reveal the relationship between soil phosphorus change and the rubber growth,samples of the soils and the rubber tree leaves of different varieties and ages were collected from different growing areas in Xishuangbanna(i.e.,Jinghong,Mengla and Menghai).Total and available phosphorus in the soils and the leaves were measured to examine the spatial variation characteristics and the relationship between the soil and leaf phosphorus.Significant differences in soil phosphorus were found between different growing regions and rubber tree varieties.Soil total phosphorus in Jinghong was higher than in Mengla and Menghai,and varied among different varieties.Soil total phosphorus of RRIM600 and GT1 rubber forest was high,while yunan-774 was relatively low.For different tapping ages,soils of the 10-20~(th) rubber tapping year trees demonstrated higher soil total phosphorus,but lower in the soils of the 0-10~(th) and 20-30~(th) rubber tapping year trees.Compared with soil total phosphorus,soil available phosphorus was low,and exhibited significant variations.The content of total phosphorus in rubber tree leaves was in the order of Mengla,Jinghong>Menghai,RRIM600 and yunyan-774 were high,GT1 was low,and the phosphorus was relatively high at young and old rubber tapping age trees.There was a significant positive correlation between soil available phosphorus and rubber trees leaf phosphorus,and the ratio of soil available nitrogen to phosphorus also showed significantly positive correlation with the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus in rubber tree leaves.Phosphorus content of rubber tree leaves and soil varied with varieties,rubber tapping ages and growth environments.Soil phosphorus content was significantly affected by rubber tree varieties with different rubber tapping ages.
引文
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[10] 何晶,冯成天,郭秀丽,等.高浓度乙烯利刺激诱导橡胶树死皮发生过程中的胶乳生理研究[J].西北林学院学报,2018,33(2):123-128 HE J,FENG C T,GUO X L,et al.Latex physiological characteristics during tapping panel dryness (TPD) occurrence induced by high-concentration ethrel stimulation in hevea brasiliensis[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2018,33(2):123-128.(in Chinese)
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[14] 刘世亮,介晓磊,李有田,等.土壤-植物根际磷的生物有效性研究进展[J].土壤与环境,2002,11(2):178-182.LIU S L,JIE X L,LI Y T,et al.Advance of study on phosphorus bioavailability in the soil-plant rhizosphere[J].Soil and Environmental Sciences,2002,11(2):178-182.(in Chinese)
[15] 赵琼,曾德慧,陈伏生,等.沙地樟子松人工林土壤磷库及其有效性初步研究[J].生态学杂志,2004,23(5):224- 227.(in Chinese) ZHAO Q,ZENG D H,CHEN F S,et al.Soil phosphorus pools and availability on Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica plantation[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2004,23(5):224-227.(in Chinese)
[16] 李淑仪,蓝佩玲,廖新荣,等.砖红壤磷的有效性研究[J].生态环境,2003,12(2):170-171.LI S Y,LAN P L,LIAO X R,et al.Study on phosphorus availability in latosols[J].Ecology and Environment,2003,12(2):170-171.(in Chinese)
[17] 孙海东,刘备,吴炳孙,等.橡胶树人工林地土壤酸度特征及酸化原因分析[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(2):49-54.SUN H D,LIU B,WU B S,et al.Characteristics and causes of soil acidification in the rubber plantation[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2016,31(2):49-54.(in Chinese)
[18] 秦胜金,刘景双,王国平.影响土壤磷有效性变化作用机理[J].土壤通报,2006,37(5):1012-1016.QIN S J,LIU J S,WANG G P.Mechanism of phosphorus availability change in soil[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2006,37(5):1012-1016.(in Chinese)
[2] LIU C,JIN Y,LIU C,et al.Phosphorous fractions in soils of rubber-based agroforestry systems:influence of season,management and stand age[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,616(X):1576-1588.
[3] 华元刚,陈秋波,林钊沐,等.水肥耦合对橡胶树产胶量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(6):1211-1216.HUA Y G,CHEN Q B,LIN Z M,et al.Coupling effects of water and chemical fertilizers on hevea brasiliensis latex yield[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2008,19(6):1211-1216.(in Chinese)
[4] 罗雪华,刘云清,蔡秀娟,等.刺激割胶与RRIM600 矿质养分流失的关系[J].热带农业科学,2006,26(1):1-4 ,24.LUO X H,LIU Y Q,CAI X J,et al.Relationship between loss of mineral nutrient elements of total solids in latex and different tapping systems[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture,2006,26(1):1-4,24.(in Chinese)
[5] 陈建会,邹晓明,杨效东.热带亚热带常绿阔叶林维持酸性土壤有效磷水平的磷转化过程[J].生态学报,2006,26(7):2294-2300.CHEN J H,ZOU X M,YANG X D,et al.Retention of plant available P in acid soils of tropical and subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica 2006,26(7):2294-2300.(in Chinese)
[6] HOU E,TANG S,CHEN C,et al.Solubility of phosphorus in subtropical forest soils as influenced by low-molecular organic acids and key soil properties[J].Geoderma,2018,313:172-180.
[7] 刘洁,李茗,吴立潮.南方红壤区油茶林土壤肥力质量指标及评价[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(4):73-80.LIU J,LI M,WU L C.Soil fertility quality indicators and evaluation of the soil of camellia oleifera in Southern China red regions[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2017,32(4):73-80.(in Chinese)
[8] MAHARJAN M,MARANGUIT D,KUZYAKOV Y.Phosphorus fractions in subtropical soils depending on land use[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2018,87:17-24.
[9] VITOUSEK P M,PORDER S,HOULTON B Z,et al.Terrestrial phosphorus limitation:mechanisms,implications,and nitrogen-phosphorus interactions[J].Ecological Applications,2010,20(1):5-15.
[10] 何晶,冯成天,郭秀丽,等.高浓度乙烯利刺激诱导橡胶树死皮发生过程中的胶乳生理研究[J].西北林学院学报,2018,33(2):123-128 HE J,FENG C T,GUO X L,et al.Latex physiological characteristics during tapping panel dryness (TPD) occurrence induced by high-concentration ethrel stimulation in hevea brasiliensis[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2018,33(2):123-128.(in Chinese)
[11] 曹建华,蒋菊生,杨怀,等.不同割制对橡胶树胶乳矿质养分流失的影响[J].生态学报,2008,28(6):2563-2570.CAO J H,JIANG J S,YANG H,et al.Loss of mineral elements due to latex export under five tapping systems [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(6):2563-2570.(in Chinese)
[12] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.BAO S D.Soil Agrochemical Analysis[M].Third Edition.Beijing :China Agricultural Press.(in Chinese)
[13] 鲍雅静,李政海,马云花,等.橡胶种植对纳板河流域热带雨林生态系统的影响[J].生态环境,2008,17(2):734-739.BAO Y J,LI Z H,MA Y H,et al.Effects of rubber plantation on tropic rainforest ecosystem in Nabanhe river basin[J].Ecology and Environment,2008,17(2):734-739.(in Chinese)
[14] 刘世亮,介晓磊,李有田,等.土壤-植物根际磷的生物有效性研究进展[J].土壤与环境,2002,11(2):178-182.LIU S L,JIE X L,LI Y T,et al.Advance of study on phosphorus bioavailability in the soil-plant rhizosphere[J].Soil and Environmental Sciences,2002,11(2):178-182.(in Chinese)
[15] 赵琼,曾德慧,陈伏生,等.沙地樟子松人工林土壤磷库及其有效性初步研究[J].生态学杂志,2004,23(5):224- 227.(in Chinese) ZHAO Q,ZENG D H,CHEN F S,et al.Soil phosphorus pools and availability on Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica plantation[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2004,23(5):224-227.(in Chinese)
[16] 李淑仪,蓝佩玲,廖新荣,等.砖红壤磷的有效性研究[J].生态环境,2003,12(2):170-171.LI S Y,LAN P L,LIAO X R,et al.Study on phosphorus availability in latosols[J].Ecology and Environment,2003,12(2):170-171.(in Chinese)
[17] 孙海东,刘备,吴炳孙,等.橡胶树人工林地土壤酸度特征及酸化原因分析[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(2):49-54.SUN H D,LIU B,WU B S,et al.Characteristics and causes of soil acidification in the rubber plantation[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2016,31(2):49-54.(in Chinese)
[18] 秦胜金,刘景双,王国平.影响土壤磷有效性变化作用机理[J].土壤通报,2006,37(5):1012-1016.QIN S J,LIU J S,WANG G P.Mechanism of phosphorus availability change in soil[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2006,37(5):1012-1016.(in Chinese)