耕作方式与秸秆还田对土壤肥力的影响
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摘要
[目的]探讨不同耕作方式与秸秆还田对土壤肥力影响。[方法]利用扬州大学连续定位的稻麦两熟保护性耕作试验平台为主要技术,试验共设置6个处理(连续免耕秸秆覆盖、轮耕1、轮耕2、翻耕秸秆全量还田、少耕秸秆半量还田、翻耕秸秆不还田)。[结果]秸秆还田,特别是翻耕秸秆全量还田(CTS)有助于提高土壤耕层有机质的含量,但土壤有机质含量受秸秆还田量的多少和翻耕程度影响不大。与其他处理相比,少耕(MTS)和翻耕秸秆还田(CTS)处理均能提高土壤全氮含量。[结论]连续免耕秸秆覆盖处理显著提高了土壤表层的碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量。一定程度的秸秆还田也有助于土壤养分的提高。
[Objective] The research aimed to explore the effects of different tillage methods and straw returning on soil fertility.[Method]Using Yangzhou University's continuously positioned rice and wheat two-crop conservation tillage test platform as the main technology,the experiment set up six treatments(no-tillage and straw mulching,rotation tillage 1,rotation tillage 2,convention tillage and full straw returning,minimum tillage and half straw returning and the convention tillage).[Result]The straw returning to the field,especially the convention tillage and convention tillage and full straw returning(CTS),could improve the organic matter content of the soil,but the soil organic matter content was affected by the straw returning amount.The amount and the degree of tillage had little effect.Compared with other treatments,both minimum tillage(MTS) and tillage and straw returning(CTS) treatment could increase soil total nitrogen content.[Conclusion]Continuous no-till straw mulching treatment significantly increased the content of alkali nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil surface.A certain degree of straw returning also contributes to the improvement of soil nutrients.
[Objective] The research aimed to explore the effects of different tillage methods and straw returning on soil fertility.[Method]Using Yangzhou University's continuously positioned rice and wheat two-crop conservation tillage test platform as the main technology,the experiment set up six treatments(no-tillage and straw mulching,rotation tillage 1,rotation tillage 2,convention tillage and full straw returning,minimum tillage and half straw returning and the convention tillage).[Result]The straw returning to the field,especially the convention tillage and convention tillage and full straw returning(CTS),could improve the organic matter content of the soil,but the soil organic matter content was affected by the straw returning amount.The amount and the degree of tillage had little effect.Compared with other treatments,both minimum tillage(MTS) and tillage and straw returning(CTS) treatment could increase soil total nitrogen content.[Conclusion]Continuous no-till straw mulching treatment significantly increased the content of alkali nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil surface.A certain degree of straw returning also contributes to the improvement of soil nutrients.
引文
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[11] 张芳.谈秸秆还田的作用及影响[J].农机使用与维修,2018(1):76.
[12] 刘世平,陈后庆,聂新涛,等.稻麦两熟制不同耕作方式与秸秆还田土壤肥力的综合评价[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(5):51-56.
[13] 劳秀荣,孙伟红,王真,等.秸秆还田与化肥配合施用对土壤肥力的影响[J].土壤学报,2003,40(4):618-623.
[14] 张志国,徐琪,BLEVINS R L.长期秸秆覆盖免耕对土壤某些理化性质及玉米产量的影响[J].土壤学报,1998,35(3):384-391.
[15] 庄恒扬,曹卫星,沈新平,等.麦-稻两熟集约生产土壤养分平衡与调控研究[J].生态学报,2000,20(5):766-770.
[2] 王幸,王宗标,齐玉军,等.保护性耕作研究与应用进展[J].江苏农业科学,2014,42(5):3-7.
[3] 路明.现代农业与生态文明[C]//第四届中国杰出管理者年会论文集.北京:中国未来研究会,2008.
[4] 尹雪巍.保护性耕作技术的研究发展[J].南方农机,2018(19):89.
[5] PATHAK H,SINGH R,BHATIA A,et al.Recycling of rice straw to improve wheat yield and soil fertility and reduce atmospheric pollution[J].Paddy and water environment,2006,4(2):111-117.
[6] 王宁堂,王军利,李建国.农作物秸秆综合利用现状、途径及对策[J].陕西农业科学,2007(2):112-115.
[7] 董志强,朱红霞,白昕欣,等.秸秆还田对小麦幼苗生长和土壤养分变化的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(6):77-81.
[8] 韩鲁佳,闫巧娟,刘向阳,等.中国农作物秸秆资源及其利用现状[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(3):87-91.
[9] 高祥照,马文奇,马常宝,等.中国作物秸秆资源利用现状分析[J].华中农业大学学报,2002,21(3):242-247.
[10] 全国农作物秸秆资源调查与评价报告[J].农业工程技术(新能源产业),2011(2):2-5.
[11] 张芳.谈秸秆还田的作用及影响[J].农机使用与维修,2018(1):76.
[12] 刘世平,陈后庆,聂新涛,等.稻麦两熟制不同耕作方式与秸秆还田土壤肥力的综合评价[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(5):51-56.
[13] 劳秀荣,孙伟红,王真,等.秸秆还田与化肥配合施用对土壤肥力的影响[J].土壤学报,2003,40(4):618-623.
[14] 张志国,徐琪,BLEVINS R L.长期秸秆覆盖免耕对土壤某些理化性质及玉米产量的影响[J].土壤学报,1998,35(3):384-391.
[15] 庄恒扬,曹卫星,沈新平,等.麦-稻两熟集约生产土壤养分平衡与调控研究[J].生态学报,2000,20(5):766-770.