基于全产业链视角实施生态资产管理
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摘要
生态资产是人类赖以生存的基本条件,当前研究尚未充分关注人类活动对生态资产的影响。本文从社会经济系统的全产业链视角出发,探讨产业链不同环节的生产消费活动对生态资产的影响以及所对应的不同政策内涵。分析结果表明,产业链的不同环节对应不同政策内涵,识别不同环节上的关键区域/行业能够为不同类型的政策决策指出着力点。初始投入环节的核算服务于人力资本投入行为的调控;初始生产环节的核算服务于末端控制手段,包括资源节约与污染物减排;中间生产环节和末端生产环节的核算服务于提升生产效率的政策手段;最终消费环节的核算服务于消费行为优化。最终得出应该从全产业链视角实施多环节生态资产管理的结论,并提出,为了从全产业链视角实施生态资产管理,应考虑建立一套标准化、全产业链视角的生态资产需求核算框架,建设支持全产业链视角核算生态资产需求的基础数据库,将全产业链视角管理生态资产的思维融入政策决策等建议。
Ecological assets are essential to human beings. However, impacts of anthropogenic activities on ecological assets have not been well characterized by existing studies. From the viewpoint of whole supply chains in socioeconomic systems, this study analyzes the impacts of anthropogenic activities at various stages of supply chains on ecological assets and discusses corresponding policy implications. We find that different stages of the supply chain path have different policy implications. Identifying critical regions and sectors in each stage of the supply chain path can provide hotspots for different types of policy decisions. The analysis from the primary input viewpoint can guide policy decisions on the optimization of labor and capital input behaviors; the analysis from the initial production viewpoint can help policy decisions on end-of-pipe control such as efficient resource utilization and pollutant removal; the analysis from the intermediate and final production viewpoints can provide hotspots for policy decisions on productivity improvement; and the analysis from the final consumption viewpoint can help the optimization of consumption behaviors. In order to manage ecological assets from the whole supply chains viewpoint, we need to establish a standardized supplychain-based accounting framework for ecological asserts requirements of socioeconomic systems, construct a database supporting this accounting framework, and take supply-chain-based ecological asserts management into account during policy decision processes.
Ecological assets are essential to human beings. However, impacts of anthropogenic activities on ecological assets have not been well characterized by existing studies. From the viewpoint of whole supply chains in socioeconomic systems, this study analyzes the impacts of anthropogenic activities at various stages of supply chains on ecological assets and discusses corresponding policy implications. We find that different stages of the supply chain path have different policy implications. Identifying critical regions and sectors in each stage of the supply chain path can provide hotspots for different types of policy decisions. The analysis from the primary input viewpoint can guide policy decisions on the optimization of labor and capital input behaviors; the analysis from the initial production viewpoint can help policy decisions on end-of-pipe control such as efficient resource utilization and pollutant removal; the analysis from the intermediate and final production viewpoints can provide hotspots for policy decisions on productivity improvement; and the analysis from the final consumption viewpoint can help the optimization of consumption behaviors. In order to manage ecological assets from the whole supply chains viewpoint, we need to establish a standardized supplychain-based accounting framework for ecological asserts requirements of socioeconomic systems, construct a database supporting this accounting framework, and take supply-chain-based ecological asserts management into account during policy decision processes.
引文
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[3]高吉喜,范小杉.生态资产概念、特点与研究趋向[J].环境科学研究,2007,20(5):137-143.
[4]周涛,王如松.生态资产管理方法初探[J].生态经济,2009(10):263-266.
[5]LENZEN M.Structural path analysis of ecosystem networks[J].Ecological modelling,2007,200(3-4):334-342.
[6]LIANG S,QU S,XU M.Betweenness-based method to identify critical transmission sectors for supply chain environmental pressure mitigation[J].Environmental science&technology,2016,50(3):1330-1337.
[7]MARQUES A,RODRIGUES J,DOMINGOS T.International trade and the geographical separation between income and enabled carbon emissions[J].Ecological economics,2013,89:162-169.
[8]MARQUES A,RODRIGUES J,LENZEN M,et al.Income-based environmental responsibility[J].Ecological economics,2012,84:57-65.
[9]LIANG S,QU S,ZHU Z Q,et al.Income-based greenhouse gas emissions of nations[J].Environmental science&technology,2017,51(1):346-355.
[10]LIANG S,WANG H X,QU S,et al.Socioeconomic drivers of greenhouse gas emissions in the United States[J].Environmental science&technology,2016,50(14):7535-7545.
[11]HUI M L,WU Q R,WANG S X,et al.Mercury flows in China and global drivers[J].Environmental science&technology,2017,51(1):222-231.
[12]LIANG S,WANG Y F,CINNIRELLA S,et al.Atmospheric mercur y footprints of nations[J].Environmental science&technology,2015,49(6):3566-3574.
[13]LIANG S,WANG Y F,ZHANG C,et al.Final production-based emissions of regions in China[J].Economic systems research,2018,30(1):18-36.
[14]LIANG S,FENG Y,XU M.Structure of the global virtual carbon network:revealing important sectors and communities for emission reduction[J].Journal of industrial ecology,2015,19(2):307-320.
[15]DAVIS S J,CALDEIRA K.Consumption-based accounting of CO2emissions[J].Proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the United States of America,2010,107(12):5687-5692.
[16]PETERS G P.From production-based to consumption-based national emission inventories[J].Ecological economics,2008,65(1):13-23.
[17]LIANG S,GUO S,NEWELL J P,et al.Global drivers of Russian timber harvest[J].Journal of industrial ecology,2016,20(3):515-525.
[18]LIANG S,STYLIANOU K S,JOLLIET O,et al.Consumption-based human health impacts of primary PM2.5:the hidden burden of international trade[J]Journal of cleaner production,2017,167:133-139.
[19]梁赛,王亚菲,徐明,等.环境投入产出分析在产业生态学中的应用[J].生态学报,2016,36(22):7217-7227.
[20]MILLER R E,BLAIR P D.Input-Output Analysis:Foundations and Extensions[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2009.
[21]LIANG S,XU M,SUH S,et al.Unintended environmental consequences and co-benefits of economic restructuring[J].Environmental science&technology,2013,47(22):12894-12902.
[22]LIANG S,ZHANG T Z.Interactions of energy technology development and new energy exploitation with water technology development in China[J].Energy,2011,36(12):6960-6966.
[23]梁赛,张天柱.多种政策对经济-环境系统的综合作用分析[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(3):793-800.