缓释尿素替代日粮中豆粕对肉牛生长性能、养分表观消化率和血清生化指标的影响
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摘要
为了研究缓释尿素替代日粮中75%的豆粕对肉牛生长性能、养分表观消化率和血清生化指标的影响,试验选择18头健康、体重相近[(302±17)kg]、7月龄左右的生长期肉牛,随机分为对照组、缓释尿素组和普通尿素组3组,每组6头。对照组饲喂含11.12%(粗蛋白为15.51%,干物质为48.06%)豆粕的基础日粮(精粗比4∶6),按照等氮原则,缓释尿素组和普通尿素组分别用缓释尿素和普通尿素替代对照组日粮中75%的豆粕,测定肉牛生长性能、养分表观消化率和血清生化指标。预试期14 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:1)各组间平均日增重、干物质采食量和料重比均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。2)缓释尿素组和普通尿素组干物质的表观消化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);缓释尿素组粗蛋白的表观消化率显著高于对照组和普通尿素组(P<0.05),但普通尿素组与对照组相比无显著性差异(P>0.05);缓释尿素组和普通尿素组粗脂肪的表观消化率均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);各组间的有机物、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的表观消化率均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。3)与对照组相比,缓释尿素组的血清尿素氮虽略有降低,但无显著性差异(P>0.05);普通尿素组的血清尿素氮显著高于对照组和缓释尿素组(P<0.05);缓释尿素组血清中的血氨与对照组和普通尿素组相比均无显著性差异(P>0.05),但普通尿素组血清中的血氨与对照组相比显著升高(P<0.05)。说明用缓释尿素和普通尿素替代日粮中75%的豆粕,各组生长性能没有显著差异(P>0.05),且缓释尿素替代豆粕效果优于普通尿素。
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a new slow-release urea substituting dietary 75% soybean meal on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and blood biochemical indices of beef cattle in the diet. Eighteen healthy 7-month-old beef cattle weighted(302±17) kg were randomly divided into three groups: control group, slow-release urea group and common urea group, with 6 cattle in each group. The control group was fed a basic diet containing 11.12%(15.51% CP, 48.06% dry matter) of soybean meal(concentrate to forage ratio was 4∶6). According to the principle of isonitrogenic, slow-release urea group and the common urea group replaced 75% of the soybean meal in the control diet with slow-release urea and common urea, respectively. Pre-test period was 14 days, and formal test period was 60 days. The results showed as follows: 1) There were no significant difference in average daily gain(ADG)、dry matter intake(DMI)and feed to gain ratio(F/G,P>0.05)among groups. 2) The apparent digestibility of dry matter(DM) in slow-release urea group and common urea group were significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.05).Apparent digestibility of crude protein(CP) in slow-release urea group was significantly higher than that of control group and common urea group(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between common urea group and control group(P>0.05).The apparent digestibility of crude fat(CF) in slow-release urea group and common urea group were significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the apparent digestibility of organic matter(OM)、neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and acid detergent fiber(ADF) among groups(P>0.05).3) Compared with control group, the blood urea nitrogen(BUN) of slow-release urea group decreased slightly, but there were no significant difference among groups(P>0.05). The BUN of common urea group was significantly higher than that of control group and slow-release urea group(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the blood ammonia(AN) in the blood of slow-release urea group compared with control group and common urea group(P>0.05), but the AN in the blood of common urea group was significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.05). The results suggest that there was no significant difference in the growth performance of 75 % soybean meal treated with sustained release urea and common urea(P>0.05), and the effect of slow-release urea substitution soybean meal is better than that of common urea.
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a new slow-release urea substituting dietary 75% soybean meal on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and blood biochemical indices of beef cattle in the diet. Eighteen healthy 7-month-old beef cattle weighted(302±17) kg were randomly divided into three groups: control group, slow-release urea group and common urea group, with 6 cattle in each group. The control group was fed a basic diet containing 11.12%(15.51% CP, 48.06% dry matter) of soybean meal(concentrate to forage ratio was 4∶6). According to the principle of isonitrogenic, slow-release urea group and the common urea group replaced 75% of the soybean meal in the control diet with slow-release urea and common urea, respectively. Pre-test period was 14 days, and formal test period was 60 days. The results showed as follows: 1) There were no significant difference in average daily gain(ADG)、dry matter intake(DMI)and feed to gain ratio(F/G,P>0.05)among groups. 2) The apparent digestibility of dry matter(DM) in slow-release urea group and common urea group were significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.05).Apparent digestibility of crude protein(CP) in slow-release urea group was significantly higher than that of control group and common urea group(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between common urea group and control group(P>0.05).The apparent digestibility of crude fat(CF) in slow-release urea group and common urea group were significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the apparent digestibility of organic matter(OM)、neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and acid detergent fiber(ADF) among groups(P>0.05).3) Compared with control group, the blood urea nitrogen(BUN) of slow-release urea group decreased slightly, but there were no significant difference among groups(P>0.05). The BUN of common urea group was significantly higher than that of control group and slow-release urea group(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the blood ammonia(AN) in the blood of slow-release urea group compared with control group and common urea group(P>0.05), but the AN in the blood of common urea group was significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.05). The results suggest that there was no significant difference in the growth performance of 75 % soybean meal treated with sustained release urea and common urea(P>0.05), and the effect of slow-release urea substitution soybean meal is better than that of common urea.
引文
[1] 吴琼, 姜宁, 张爱忠,等. 反刍动物瘤胃尿素缓释剂的研究进展 [J].中国畜牧杂志,2015, 51(17):91-97.
[2] CHERDTHONG A, WANAPAT M, WACHIRAPAKORN C. Influence of urea-calcium mixtures as rumen slow-release feed on in vitro fermentation using a gas production technique.[J].Arch Anim Nutr, 2011, 65(3):242-254.
[3] GALO E, EMANUELE S M, SNIFFEN C J, et al. Effects of a polymer-coated urea product on nitrogen metabolism in lactating holstein dairy cattle.[J]. J Dairy Sci, 2003,86(6):2154-2162.
[4] 赵金怀, 赵思国. 动物尿素、氨中毒的症状与诊治 [J]. 现代畜牧科技, 2014(5):163.
[5] 薛白, 焦浩鹏, 赵新全,等. 矿物质缓释尿素对牦牛瘤胃发酵和血清参数的影响[C]// 2010中国牛业进展,滨州:中国农业科学技术出版社,2010:381-385.
[6] GOULART M A, MONTAGNER P, LOPES M S, et al. Milk composition, ruminal pH and metabolic parameters of dairy cows supplemented with slow-release urea[J]. Acta Sci Vet, 2013, 41(1):394-399.
[7] 王立志, 王康宁. Optigen 1200在奶牛生产中的应用效果试验 [J]. 乳业科学与技术, 2003 (1):29-31.
[8] INOSTROZA J F, SHAVER R D, CABRERA V E, et al. Effect of diets containing a controlled-release urea product on milk yield, milk composition, and milk component yields in commercial Wisconsin dairy herds and economic implications[J]. Profession Anim Scientist, 2010, 26(2):175-180.
[9] HIGHSTREET A, ROBINSON P H, ROBISON J, et al. Response of Holstein cows to replacing urea with a slowly rumen released urea in a diet high in soluble crude protein[J]. Livest Sci, 2010, 129(1):179-185.
[10] JI S K, ZHANG F, SUN Y K, et al. Influence of dietary slow-release urea on growth performance, organ development and serum biochemical parameters of mutton sheep[J]. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr(Berl), 2016, 101(5):964-973.
[11] 王会, 罗军, 张伟,等. 一种新型缓释非蛋白氮添加水平对奶山羊泌乳性能及血清生化指标的影响 [J]. 动物营养学报, 2014, 26(3):718-724.
[12] HOLDER V B, EL-KADI S W, TRICARICO J M, et al. The effects of crude protein concentration and slow release urea on nitrogen metabolism in Holstein steers[J]. Arch Anim Nutr, 2013, 67(2):93-103.
[13] 马威, 任丽萍, 王黎文,等. 淀粉糊化尿素对生长育肥牛生长性能和血浆生化指标的影响 [J]. 动物营养学报, 2011, 23(10):1710-1715.
[14] 张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].2 版.北京: 中国农业大学出版,2003.
[15] PINOS-RODRIGUEZ J, YOSAHANDY PE?A-AVELINE L, GONZáLEZMU?OZ S S, et al. Effects of a slow-release coated urea product on growth performance and ruminal fermentation in beef steers[J].Ital J Anim Sci, 2010, 9(4):16-19.
[16] TAYLOR-EDWARDS C C, HIBBARD G, KITTS S E, et al. Effects of slow-release urea on ruminal digesta characteristics and growth performance in beef steers.[J]. J Anim Sci, 2009, 87(1):200-208.
[17] TEDESCHI L O, BAKER M J, KETCHEN D J, et al. Performance of growing and finishing cattle supplemented with a slow-rlease urea product and urea[J].Can J Anim Sci, 2002, 82(4):567-573.
[18] BENEDETI P D B, PAULINO P V R, MARCONDES M I, et al. Soybean meal replaced by slow release urea in finishing diets for beef cattle[J].Livest Sci, 2014, 165(7):51-60.
[19] LIZARAZO A C, MENDOZA G D, Kú J, et al. Effects of slow-release urea and molasses on ruminal metabolism of lambs fed with low-quality tropical forage[J]. Small Ruminant Res, 2014, 116(1):28-31.
[20] 姚军虎. 尿素对反刍动物的饲养价值(综述)[J]. 中国牛业科学, 1988(3):33-35.
[21] BARTLEY E E, DAVIDOVICH A D, BARR G W, et al. Ammonia toxicity in cattle. I. Rumen and blood changes associated with toxicity and treatment methods[J]. J Anim Sci, 1976, 43(4):835.
[22] FROSLIE A. Feed-related urea poisoning in ruminants[J]. Folia Vet Lat, 1977, 7(1):17-37.
[23] 江兰, 孟庆翔, 任丽萍,等. 日粮尿素添加水平对生长育肥牛生长性能和血清生化指标的影响 [J]. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(4):761-767.
[24] 南京农业大学. 家畜生理学 [M]. 3版.北京:中国农业出版社,1998.
[2] CHERDTHONG A, WANAPAT M, WACHIRAPAKORN C. Influence of urea-calcium mixtures as rumen slow-release feed on in vitro fermentation using a gas production technique.[J].Arch Anim Nutr, 2011, 65(3):242-254.
[3] GALO E, EMANUELE S M, SNIFFEN C J, et al. Effects of a polymer-coated urea product on nitrogen metabolism in lactating holstein dairy cattle.[J]. J Dairy Sci, 2003,86(6):2154-2162.
[4] 赵金怀, 赵思国. 动物尿素、氨中毒的症状与诊治 [J]. 现代畜牧科技, 2014(5):163.
[5] 薛白, 焦浩鹏, 赵新全,等. 矿物质缓释尿素对牦牛瘤胃发酵和血清参数的影响[C]// 2010中国牛业进展,滨州:中国农业科学技术出版社,2010:381-385.
[6] GOULART M A, MONTAGNER P, LOPES M S, et al. Milk composition, ruminal pH and metabolic parameters of dairy cows supplemented with slow-release urea[J]. Acta Sci Vet, 2013, 41(1):394-399.
[7] 王立志, 王康宁. Optigen 1200在奶牛生产中的应用效果试验 [J]. 乳业科学与技术, 2003 (1):29-31.
[8] INOSTROZA J F, SHAVER R D, CABRERA V E, et al. Effect of diets containing a controlled-release urea product on milk yield, milk composition, and milk component yields in commercial Wisconsin dairy herds and economic implications[J]. Profession Anim Scientist, 2010, 26(2):175-180.
[9] HIGHSTREET A, ROBINSON P H, ROBISON J, et al. Response of Holstein cows to replacing urea with a slowly rumen released urea in a diet high in soluble crude protein[J]. Livest Sci, 2010, 129(1):179-185.
[10] JI S K, ZHANG F, SUN Y K, et al. Influence of dietary slow-release urea on growth performance, organ development and serum biochemical parameters of mutton sheep[J]. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr(Berl), 2016, 101(5):964-973.
[11] 王会, 罗军, 张伟,等. 一种新型缓释非蛋白氮添加水平对奶山羊泌乳性能及血清生化指标的影响 [J]. 动物营养学报, 2014, 26(3):718-724.
[12] HOLDER V B, EL-KADI S W, TRICARICO J M, et al. The effects of crude protein concentration and slow release urea on nitrogen metabolism in Holstein steers[J]. Arch Anim Nutr, 2013, 67(2):93-103.
[13] 马威, 任丽萍, 王黎文,等. 淀粉糊化尿素对生长育肥牛生长性能和血浆生化指标的影响 [J]. 动物营养学报, 2011, 23(10):1710-1715.
[14] 张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].2 版.北京: 中国农业大学出版,2003.
[15] PINOS-RODRIGUEZ J, YOSAHANDY PE?A-AVELINE L, GONZáLEZMU?OZ S S, et al. Effects of a slow-release coated urea product on growth performance and ruminal fermentation in beef steers[J].Ital J Anim Sci, 2010, 9(4):16-19.
[16] TAYLOR-EDWARDS C C, HIBBARD G, KITTS S E, et al. Effects of slow-release urea on ruminal digesta characteristics and growth performance in beef steers.[J]. J Anim Sci, 2009, 87(1):200-208.
[17] TEDESCHI L O, BAKER M J, KETCHEN D J, et al. Performance of growing and finishing cattle supplemented with a slow-rlease urea product and urea[J].Can J Anim Sci, 2002, 82(4):567-573.
[18] BENEDETI P D B, PAULINO P V R, MARCONDES M I, et al. Soybean meal replaced by slow release urea in finishing diets for beef cattle[J].Livest Sci, 2014, 165(7):51-60.
[19] LIZARAZO A C, MENDOZA G D, Kú J, et al. Effects of slow-release urea and molasses on ruminal metabolism of lambs fed with low-quality tropical forage[J]. Small Ruminant Res, 2014, 116(1):28-31.
[20] 姚军虎. 尿素对反刍动物的饲养价值(综述)[J]. 中国牛业科学, 1988(3):33-35.
[21] BARTLEY E E, DAVIDOVICH A D, BARR G W, et al. Ammonia toxicity in cattle. I. Rumen and blood changes associated with toxicity and treatment methods[J]. J Anim Sci, 1976, 43(4):835.
[22] FROSLIE A. Feed-related urea poisoning in ruminants[J]. Folia Vet Lat, 1977, 7(1):17-37.
[23] 江兰, 孟庆翔, 任丽萍,等. 日粮尿素添加水平对生长育肥牛生长性能和血清生化指标的影响 [J]. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(4):761-767.
[24] 南京农业大学. 家畜生理学 [M]. 3版.北京:中国农业出版社,1998.