旱地燕麦间作对土壤酶活性、微生物含量及产量的影响
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摘要
本文通过研究内蒙古旱作区禾本科、豆科及茄科间作对土壤生物性状的影响,旨在揭示燕麦(Avena sativa Linn)与不同作物间作及其单作在土壤酶活性、微生物量及土地当量比(LER)等方面的优势机理。本试验设置燕麦、黑豆(Glycinemax(L.)merr)、苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L)单作和黑豆间作燕麦、苜蓿间作燕麦、马铃薯间作燕麦共7个处理,探讨各处理对上述各指标的影响。结果表明:燕麦间作黑豆土地当量比最高,2015年和2016年分别为1.62和1.65。燕麦间作黑豆土壤脲酶活性和蔗糖酶活性较苜蓿间作燕麦、马铃薯间作燕麦显著提高了5.00%～51.61%和5.73%～52.29%。2015年和2016年播种后75 d苜蓿间作燕麦土壤过氧化氢酶活性显著高于黑豆间作燕麦,分别提高了29.47%和40.56%。黑豆间作燕麦对比其他两间作处理土壤微生物的生物量碳、氮含量分别显著提高了2.70%～17.89%和11.36%～26.47%,土壤脲酶活性提高了1.51%～55.22%,蔗糖酶活性提高了5.73%～52.29%,是该地区最优的间作模式。
In this paper, the effects of intercropping of gramineae, leguminous and solanaceae on soil biological characters were studied in arid farming area in Inner Mongolia, in order to reveal the dominant mechanism of oat(Avena sativa Linn)on soil enzyme activity, microbial biomass, and land equivalent ratio(LER) compared with intercropping of different crops. There were 7 treatments including sole crop of oat, black bean(Glycinemax(L.) merr), alfalfa(Medicago sativa), potato(Solanum tuberosum L) and intercropping of black bean with oats, alfalfa with oats and potato with oats. The advantages of this mechanism were analyzed for the nature of indicators such as soil enzyme activity and land equivalent ratio. The results showed that the highest equivalent ratio of black bean land was 1.62 and 1.65 in 2015 and 2016, respectively. The soil urease activity and invertase activity of black bean intercropped with oats were significantly increased by 5.00%～51.61% and 5.73%～52.29% compared with alfalfa with oats and potato with oats. The soil catalase activity of alfalfa with oats was significantly higher than that of black bean with oats, 29.47% and 40.56% in 2015 and 2016, respectively. The carbon and nitrogen contents in soil microbial biomass were significantly increased by 2.70%～17.89% and 11.36%～26.47% by the black bean with oat intercropping in those two years. The soil urease activity was increased by 1.51%～55.22% and the sucrase activity was increased by 5.73%～52.29%. Thus, it is the best intercropping mode in the region and can provide theoretical basis.
In this paper, the effects of intercropping of gramineae, leguminous and solanaceae on soil biological characters were studied in arid farming area in Inner Mongolia, in order to reveal the dominant mechanism of oat(Avena sativa Linn)on soil enzyme activity, microbial biomass, and land equivalent ratio(LER) compared with intercropping of different crops. There were 7 treatments including sole crop of oat, black bean(Glycinemax(L.) merr), alfalfa(Medicago sativa), potato(Solanum tuberosum L) and intercropping of black bean with oats, alfalfa with oats and potato with oats. The advantages of this mechanism were analyzed for the nature of indicators such as soil enzyme activity and land equivalent ratio. The results showed that the highest equivalent ratio of black bean land was 1.62 and 1.65 in 2015 and 2016, respectively. The soil urease activity and invertase activity of black bean intercropped with oats were significantly increased by 5.00%～51.61% and 5.73%～52.29% compared with alfalfa with oats and potato with oats. The soil catalase activity of alfalfa with oats was significantly higher than that of black bean with oats, 29.47% and 40.56% in 2015 and 2016, respectively. The carbon and nitrogen contents in soil microbial biomass were significantly increased by 2.70%～17.89% and 11.36%～26.47% by the black bean with oat intercropping in those two years. The soil urease activity was increased by 1.51%～55.22% and the sucrase activity was increased by 5.73%～52.29%. Thus, it is the best intercropping mode in the region and can provide theoretical basis.
引文
[1] 曹慧,孙辉,杨浩,等.土壤酶活性及其对土壤质量的指示研究进展[J].应用与环境生物学报,2003,9(1):105-109.
[2] Badiane N N Y,Chotte J L,Pate E,et al.Use of soil enzyme activities to monitor soil qualityin natural and improved fallows in semi-arid tropical regions[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2001,18(3):229-238.
[3] Paz Jimenez M D,Horra A M,Peuzzo L.Soil quality:a new index based on microbiological and biochemical parameters[J].Biologyand Fertility of Soils,2002,35(4):302-306.
[4] 邱莉萍,刘军,王益权,等.土壤酶活性与土壤肥力的关系研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2004,10(3):277-280.
[5] 孙波,赵其国,张桃林.土壤质量评价的生物学指标[J].土壤,1997,29(5):225-234.
[6] 王理德,王芳琳,郭春秀,等.土壤酶学硏究进展[J].土壤,2016,48(1):12-21.
[7] 柴强,黄鹏,黄高宝.间作对根际土壤微生物和酶活性的影响研究[J].草业学报,2005,14(5):105-110.
[8] 夏志敏,梅沛沛,王平,等.新垦灰钙土蚕豆/玉米间作系统土壤活性有机碳、氮的时空变异研究[J].土壤通报.2012,43(2):336-340.
[9] 姜圆圆,郑毅,汤利,等.豆科禾本科作物间作的根际生物过程研究进展[J].农业资源与环境学报,2016,33(5):407-415.
[10] 李萍,张永成,田丰.马铃薯蚕豆间套作系统的生理生态研究进展与效益评价[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(27):13313-13314.
[11] 张向前,黄国勤,卞新民,等.间作对玉米品质、产量及土壤微生物数量和酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(22):7082-7090.
[12] Getachew A,Amare G,Woldeyesus S.Yield potential and land-use efficiency of wheat and faba bean mixed intercropping[J].Agronomy for Sustainable Development,2008,28(2):257-263.
[13] 叶优良,张福锁,李隆,等.长期施用不同肥料对小麦/玉米间作产量、氮吸收利用和土壤硝态氮累积的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报2004,10(2):113-119.
[14] 关松荫.土壤酶及研究方法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:274-332.
[15] 吴金水,林启美,黄巧云,等.土壤微生物量测定方法及其应用[M].北京:气象出版社,2006:54-61.
[16] 高瑞,吕家珑.长期定位施肥土壤酶活性及其肥力变化研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2005,13(1):143-145.
[17] 刘建国,张伟,李彦斌,等.新疆绿洲棉花长期连作对土壤理化性状与土壤酶活性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(2):725-733.
[18] 李东坡,武志杰,陈利军,等.长期培肥黑土脲酶活性动态变化及其影响因素[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(12):2208-2212.
[19] 张国,赵松义,相智华,等.湖南烤烟烟叶中镁与土壤交换性镁含量的特征及关系分析[J].中国烟草科学,2009,30(4):52-55.
[20] 谷岩,邱强,王振民,等.连作大豆根际微生物群落结构及土壤酶活性[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(19):3955-3964.
[21] 张为政,祝廷成,张镇媛,等.作物茬口对土壤酶活性和微生物的影响[J].土壤肥料,1993,(5):12-14.
[22] 马忠明,杜少平,王平,等.长期定位施肥对小麦玉米间作土壤酶活性的影响[J].核农学报,2011,25(4):0796-0801.
[23] 陈晓芬,李忠佩,刘明,等.不同施肥处理对红壤水稻土团聚体有机碳、氮分布和微生物生物量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(5):950-960.
[24] Hiradate S,Morita S,Furubayashi A,et al.Plant growth inhibition by Cis-cinnamoyl glucosides and Cis-cinnamic acid[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,2005,31(3):591-601.
[25] 杨文亭,王晓维,王建武.豆科-禾本科间作系统中作物和土壤氮素相关研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(9):2480-2484.
[26] 靳孟贵,赵俊英,罗泽娇.采用土壤水利用技术的冬小麦田土壤过氧化氢酶活性分析[J].水文地质工程地质,2003,30(2):11-14.
[27] 李扬,孙洪仁,丁宁,等.紫花苜蓿根系生物量[J].草地学报,2011,19(5):872-879.
[28] 张言周.Bacillus altitudinis SYBC hb4的分离鉴定及其过氧化氢酶性质与应用研究[D].无锡:江南大学,2016.
[29] 薛冬,姚槐应,何振立,等.红壤酶活性与肥力的关系[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(8):1455-1458.
[30] Carreirom,Sinsabaugh R,Reper T D,et al.Microbial enzyme shifts explain litter decay responses to simulated nitrogen deposition[J].Ecology,2000,81(9):2359-2365.
[31] 禹朴家,范高华,韩可欣,等.基于土壤微生物生物量碳和酶活性指标的土壤肥力质量评价初探[J].农业现代化研究,2018,39(1):163-169.
[2] Badiane N N Y,Chotte J L,Pate E,et al.Use of soil enzyme activities to monitor soil qualityin natural and improved fallows in semi-arid tropical regions[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2001,18(3):229-238.
[3] Paz Jimenez M D,Horra A M,Peuzzo L.Soil quality:a new index based on microbiological and biochemical parameters[J].Biologyand Fertility of Soils,2002,35(4):302-306.
[4] 邱莉萍,刘军,王益权,等.土壤酶活性与土壤肥力的关系研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2004,10(3):277-280.
[5] 孙波,赵其国,张桃林.土壤质量评价的生物学指标[J].土壤,1997,29(5):225-234.
[6] 王理德,王芳琳,郭春秀,等.土壤酶学硏究进展[J].土壤,2016,48(1):12-21.
[7] 柴强,黄鹏,黄高宝.间作对根际土壤微生物和酶活性的影响研究[J].草业学报,2005,14(5):105-110.
[8] 夏志敏,梅沛沛,王平,等.新垦灰钙土蚕豆/玉米间作系统土壤活性有机碳、氮的时空变异研究[J].土壤通报.2012,43(2):336-340.
[9] 姜圆圆,郑毅,汤利,等.豆科禾本科作物间作的根际生物过程研究进展[J].农业资源与环境学报,2016,33(5):407-415.
[10] 李萍,张永成,田丰.马铃薯蚕豆间套作系统的生理生态研究进展与效益评价[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(27):13313-13314.
[11] 张向前,黄国勤,卞新民,等.间作对玉米品质、产量及土壤微生物数量和酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(22):7082-7090.
[12] Getachew A,Amare G,Woldeyesus S.Yield potential and land-use efficiency of wheat and faba bean mixed intercropping[J].Agronomy for Sustainable Development,2008,28(2):257-263.
[13] 叶优良,张福锁,李隆,等.长期施用不同肥料对小麦/玉米间作产量、氮吸收利用和土壤硝态氮累积的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报2004,10(2):113-119.
[14] 关松荫.土壤酶及研究方法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:274-332.
[15] 吴金水,林启美,黄巧云,等.土壤微生物量测定方法及其应用[M].北京:气象出版社,2006:54-61.
[16] 高瑞,吕家珑.长期定位施肥土壤酶活性及其肥力变化研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2005,13(1):143-145.
[17] 刘建国,张伟,李彦斌,等.新疆绿洲棉花长期连作对土壤理化性状与土壤酶活性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(2):725-733.
[18] 李东坡,武志杰,陈利军,等.长期培肥黑土脲酶活性动态变化及其影响因素[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(12):2208-2212.
[19] 张国,赵松义,相智华,等.湖南烤烟烟叶中镁与土壤交换性镁含量的特征及关系分析[J].中国烟草科学,2009,30(4):52-55.
[20] 谷岩,邱强,王振民,等.连作大豆根际微生物群落结构及土壤酶活性[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(19):3955-3964.
[21] 张为政,祝廷成,张镇媛,等.作物茬口对土壤酶活性和微生物的影响[J].土壤肥料,1993,(5):12-14.
[22] 马忠明,杜少平,王平,等.长期定位施肥对小麦玉米间作土壤酶活性的影响[J].核农学报,2011,25(4):0796-0801.
[23] 陈晓芬,李忠佩,刘明,等.不同施肥处理对红壤水稻土团聚体有机碳、氮分布和微生物生物量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(5):950-960.
[24] Hiradate S,Morita S,Furubayashi A,et al.Plant growth inhibition by Cis-cinnamoyl glucosides and Cis-cinnamic acid[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,2005,31(3):591-601.
[25] 杨文亭,王晓维,王建武.豆科-禾本科间作系统中作物和土壤氮素相关研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(9):2480-2484.
[26] 靳孟贵,赵俊英,罗泽娇.采用土壤水利用技术的冬小麦田土壤过氧化氢酶活性分析[J].水文地质工程地质,2003,30(2):11-14.
[27] 李扬,孙洪仁,丁宁,等.紫花苜蓿根系生物量[J].草地学报,2011,19(5):872-879.
[28] 张言周.Bacillus altitudinis SYBC hb4的分离鉴定及其过氧化氢酶性质与应用研究[D].无锡:江南大学,2016.
[29] 薛冬,姚槐应,何振立,等.红壤酶活性与肥力的关系[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(8):1455-1458.
[30] Carreirom,Sinsabaugh R,Reper T D,et al.Microbial enzyme shifts explain litter decay responses to simulated nitrogen deposition[J].Ecology,2000,81(9):2359-2365.
[31] 禹朴家,范高华,韩可欣,等.基于土壤微生物生物量碳和酶活性指标的土壤肥力质量评价初探[J].农业现代化研究,2018,39(1):163-169.
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