广州城区菜地土壤重金属污染特征及生态风险评价
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摘要
【目的】以城市化发展影响下广州城区零散菜地土壤为研究对象,研究重金属的污染特征及其生态风险。【方法】采集广州市7个中心城区35个土壤样品,分析As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn 8种重金属的浓度,采用Pearson相关系数、主成分分析法、潜在生态危害指数法分析了土壤中重金属的来源、含量和生态风险。【结果】研究区菜地土壤As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn的含量均值分别为15.93、0.11、66.37、46.84、0.62、35.19、110.09、154.95 mg/kg,均高于背景值。与《土壤环境质量标准》比较,除Cr外,其余金属均出现不同程度的超标,并以Hg的超标率最高(37.1%)。菜地土壤重金属污染源为复合型人为污染源。部分菜地土壤处于较高的生态危害水平,Hg是主要的风险元素。【结论】广州城区部分零散菜地土壤不再适宜种植蔬菜。
[Objective]This paper was to study the pollution characteristics and ecological risk of heavy metals in vegetable soils of Guangzhou urban districts, which have been impacted by the development of urbanization. [Method]35 soil samples were collected from 7 central districts in Guangzhou to analyze the concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn. Pearson correlation coefficient, principal component analysis and potential ecological risk index were used to study the sources, contents, and ecological risk of heavy metals in soil.[Result]The average contents of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg,Ni, Pb and Zn in vegetable soils were 15.93, 0.11, 66.37, 46.84, 0.62, 35.19, 110.09 and 154.95 mg/kg, respectively, all of which were higher than the background values. Comparing with Environmental Quality Standard for Soils, the contents of all metals(except Cr) exceeded the standard values to different extent, with the exceeding rate of Hg being the highest(37.1%).The pollution sources of heavy metals in vegetable soil were compound artificial pollution sources. Some vegetable soils in Guangzhou urban districts were at a high level of ecological hazard and Hg was the main risk element.[Conclusion]Some vegetable soils in Guangzhou urban districts were no longer suitable for vegetable cultivation.
[Objective]This paper was to study the pollution characteristics and ecological risk of heavy metals in vegetable soils of Guangzhou urban districts, which have been impacted by the development of urbanization. [Method]35 soil samples were collected from 7 central districts in Guangzhou to analyze the concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn. Pearson correlation coefficient, principal component analysis and potential ecological risk index were used to study the sources, contents, and ecological risk of heavy metals in soil.[Result]The average contents of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg,Ni, Pb and Zn in vegetable soils were 15.93, 0.11, 66.37, 46.84, 0.62, 35.19, 110.09 and 154.95 mg/kg, respectively, all of which were higher than the background values. Comparing with Environmental Quality Standard for Soils, the contents of all metals(except Cr) exceeded the standard values to different extent, with the exceeding rate of Hg being the highest(37.1%).The pollution sources of heavy metals in vegetable soil were compound artificial pollution sources. Some vegetable soils in Guangzhou urban districts were at a high level of ecological hazard and Hg was the main risk element.[Conclusion]Some vegetable soils in Guangzhou urban districts were no longer suitable for vegetable cultivation.
引文
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[19]YUAN G L,SUN T H,HAN P,LI J,LANG X X.Source identification and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in topsoil using environmental geochemical mapping:Typical urban renewal area in Beijing,China[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2014,136:40-47.
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[2]张怀志,冀宏杰,徐爱国,席运官.潍坊市菜地重金属调查与环境风险评价研究[J].生态环境学报,2017,26(12):2154-2160.ZHANG H Z,JI H J,XU A G,XI Y G.Investigation and environmental risk assessment of heavy metal elements in vegetable farmland of Weifang City[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2017,26(12):2154-2160.
[3]赵斌,朱四喜,杨秀琴,吴云杰,汤茜,顾金峰.贵州草海菜地表层土壤重金属污染特征及生态风险评价[J].生态环境学报,2018,27(4):776-784.ZHAO B,ZHU S X,YANG X Q,WU Y J,TANG Q,GU J F.Characteristics of heavy metals pollution and ecological risk assessment of the surface soils in the vegetable fields around Caohai in Guizhou[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2018,27(4):776-784.
[4]龚梦丹,朱维琴,顾燕青,李淑英,加那提·吐尼克.杭州蔬菜基地重金属污染及风险评价[J].环境科学,2016,37(6):2329-2337.GONG M D,ZHU W Q,GU Y Q,LI S Y,Jianati T N K.Evaluation on heavy metal pollution and its risk in soils from vegetable bases of Hangzhou[J].Environment Science,2016,37(6):2329-2337.
[5]ZHENG N,LIU J S,WANG Q C,LIANG C C.Heavy metals exposure of children from stairway and sidewalk dust in the smelting district,northeast of China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2010,44(27):3239-3245.
[6]梁蕾,李季,杨合法,张萍,黄玮祎,王琳.长期温室菜地土壤重金属累积状况及污染评价[J].环境化学,2018,37(7):1515-1524.LIANG L,LI J,YANG H F,ZHANG P,HUANG W Y,WANG L.Soil heavy metal accumulation and risk assessment in a long-term vegetable-growing greenhouse[J].Environmental Chemistry,2018,37(7):1515-1524.
[7]刘娟,王津,陈永亨,王春霖,罗俊杰,吴静雯,黄颖.广东硫铁矿区与硫酸厂区菜地和农作物重金属污染的对比研究[J].广东农业科学,2013,40(15):172-175.LIU J,WANG J,CHEN Y H,WANG C L,LUO J J,WU J W,HUANGY.Comparative study on heavy metal pollution by croplands and crops around a pyrite area and a sulfuric acid factory in Guangdong[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2013,40(15):172-175.
[8]黄顺红,杨伊,李倩,赵丹,万文玉.铅锌矿区土壤重金属空间分布及生态风险评价[J].环境科学与技术,2016,39(2):186-192.HUANG S H,YANG Y,LI Q,ZHAO D,WAN W Y.Spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in soil around lead-zinc mining area[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2016,39(2):186-192.
[9]方月梅,张晓玲,刘娟,何明礼.铜绿山矿区菜地土壤重金属污染特征[J].环境污染与防治,2018,40(1):69-74.FANG Y M,ZHANG X L,LIU J,HE M L.Pollution characteristics of Heavy metals in vegetable soil in the mining area of Tonglvshan[J].Environmental Pollution&Control,2018,40(1):69-74.
[10]魏秀国,何江华,陈俊坚,杜应琼,杨秀琴.广州市蔬菜地土壤重金属污染状况调查及评价[J].土壤与环境,2002,11(3):252-254.WEI X G,HE J H,CHEN J J,DU Y Q,YANG X Q.Investigation and evaluation on heavy metal pollution of vegetable farm soils in Guangzhou[J].Soil and Environmental Sciences,2002,11(3):252-254.
[11]秦文淑,邹晓锦,仇荣亮.广州市蔬菜重金属污染现状及对人体健康风险分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(4):1638-1642.QIN W S,ZOU X J,QIU R L.Health risk of heavy metals to the general public in Guangzhou,China via consumption of vegetables[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2008,27(4):1638-1642.
[12]付万军,李勇,何翔.广州市郊区蔬菜中铅的含量特征及其健康风险评估[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(5):875-880.FU W J,LI Y,HE X.The content characters and health risk assessment of vegetable lead in Guangzhou suburbs,China[J].Journal of AgroEnvironment Science,2010,29(5):875-880.
[13]崔晓峰,李淑仪,丁效东,王德汉,廖新荣,薛石龙,王荣萍.珠江三角洲地区典型菜地土壤与蔬菜重金属分布特征研究[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(1):130-135.CUI X F,LI S Y,DING X D,WANG D H,LIAO X R,XUE S L,WANGR P.Contents of heavy metals in soil and vegetables at typical vegetable plot in the Pearl River Delta[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2012,21(1):130-135.
[14]雷国建,陈志良,刘千钧,彭晓春,蒋晓璐,欧英娟,周鼎,李方鸿.广州郊区土壤重金属污染程度及潜在生态危害评价[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(S1):49-53.LEI G J,CHEN Z L,LIU Q J,PENG X C,JIANG X L,OU Y J,ZHOUD,LI F H.The assessments of polluted degree and potential ecological hazards of heavy metals in suburban soil of Guangzhou city[J].China Environmental Science,2013,33(S1):49-53.
[15]王玉军,吴同亮,周东美,陈怀满.农田土壤重金属污染评价研究进展[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(12):2365-2378.WANG Y J,WU T L,ZHOU D M,CHEN H M.Advances in soil heavy metal pollution evaluation based on bibliometrics analysis[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2017,36(12):2365-2378.
[16]韦绪好,孙庆业,程建华,窦智勇,王琛.焦岗湖流域农田土壤重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(12):2304-2311.WEI X H,SUN Q Y,CHENG J H,DOU Z Y,WANG C.Pollution and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in farmland Soils in Jiaogang Lake Basin,China[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2015,34(12):2304-2311.
[17]国家环境保护总局.中国土壤元素背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990:1-501.State Environmental Protection Administration.Background Value of Soil Elements in China[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,1990:1-501.
[18]师荣光,周启星,刘凤枝,赵玉杰,郑向群,张浩.天津郊区土壤-蔬菜系统中Cd的积累特征及污染风险[J].中国环境科学,2008,28(7):634-639.SHI R G,ZHOU Q X,LIU F Z,ZHAO Y J,ZHENG X Q,ZHANG H.Cadmium accumulation and pollution risks to human health based on Monte-Carlo model of soil and vegetable-using vegetable field in Tianjin suburbs as example[J].China Environmental Science,2008,28(7):634-639.
[19]YUAN G L,SUN T H,HAN P,LI J,LANG X X.Source identification and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in topsoil using environmental geochemical mapping:Typical urban renewal area in Beijing,China[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2014,136:40-47.
[20]ZHAO L,XU Y F,HOU H,SHANGGUAN Y X,LI F S.Source identification and health risk assessment of metals in urban soils around the Tanggu chemical industrial district,Tianjin,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,468/469:654-662.
[21]窦磊,马瑾,周永章,付善明,彭先芝,张澄博,蔡立梅.乡镇企业密集区菜地土壤重金属含量分布特征及生态效应--以东莞市为例[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(5):2048-2056.DOU L,MA J,ZHOU Y Z,FU S M,PENG X Z,ZHANG C B,CAI LM.Distribution characteristics and ecological effects of heavy metals in vegetable soils from Township-enter-prise Prosperity Area:a case study of Dongguan[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2007,26(5):2048-2056.
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