不同秸秆复配基质对丝瓜幼苗形态指标、光合色素、光合特性及根系活力的影响
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摘要
以"绿钻88"丝瓜为试材,分别选用腐熟的花生、玉米和水稻秸秆与珍珠岩、蛭石按一定比例进行复配,研究复配基质对丝瓜幼苗形态指标和光合色素、光合特性、根系活力、酶活性等生理指标的影响,以期为丝瓜育苗探寻出能够替代草炭等常规育苗基质的秸秆复配基质。结果表明:不同秸秆复配基质在总体上均增加了丝瓜幼苗株高、茎粗、根长和叶面积并提高了壮苗指数,上述指标在玉米秸秆复配基质最大,较对照分别增加32.60%、5.86%、7.92%、14.64%和10.00%。与对照相比,玉米秸秆复配基质极显著(P<0.01)提高了丝瓜幼苗叶绿素含量和光合速率,水稻和花生秸秆复配基质虽也优于对照,但差异不显著(P<0.05)。根系活力、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白质含量均以玉米秸秆复配基质Y处理下表现最好,水稻秸秆复配基质次之;对照根系活力和可溶性蛋白质含量高于花生秸秆复配基质。综合考虑,腐熟的玉米秸秆可以替代草炭与珍珠岩、蛭石复配用作丝瓜育苗基质。
The towel gourd of 'Lyuzuan 88' was used as test materials,maturity of peanut,corn and rice straw and perlite,vermiculite were mixed according to a certain proportion of compound substrate on towel gourd seedlings morphological indexes and photosynthetic pigment contents,photosynthetic characteristics,root activity,enzyme activity and other physiological indicators of the impact,in order to towel gourd seedling to explore the compound medium straw instead of peat and other conventional seedling substrate.The results showed that the different straw compound matrix in general increased towel gourd seedlings height and stem diameter,root length and leaf area and improve the towel gourd seedling index,and the index of corn straw mixed matrix under Y treatment,increased 32.60%,5.86%,7.92%,14.64% and 10% respectively.Compared with the control,corn straw compound substrate significantly increased(P<0.01),and increased the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate of towel gourd seedlings.The combination of rice and peanut straw was better than that of control,but the difference was not significant(P<0.05).Root activity,SOD activity,soluble sugar content and soluble protein content were the best treated with corn straw compound substrate Y,followed by rice straw compound matrix,and root activity and soluble protein content were higher than those of peanut straw composite substrate.Considering the maturity of corn straw can replace peat and perlite,vermiculite was used as towel gourd seedling substrate.
The towel gourd of 'Lyuzuan 88' was used as test materials,maturity of peanut,corn and rice straw and perlite,vermiculite were mixed according to a certain proportion of compound substrate on towel gourd seedlings morphological indexes and photosynthetic pigment contents,photosynthetic characteristics,root activity,enzyme activity and other physiological indicators of the impact,in order to towel gourd seedling to explore the compound medium straw instead of peat and other conventional seedling substrate.The results showed that the different straw compound matrix in general increased towel gourd seedlings height and stem diameter,root length and leaf area and improve the towel gourd seedling index,and the index of corn straw mixed matrix under Y treatment,increased 32.60%,5.86%,7.92%,14.64% and 10% respectively.Compared with the control,corn straw compound substrate significantly increased(P<0.01),and increased the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate of towel gourd seedlings.The combination of rice and peanut straw was better than that of control,but the difference was not significant(P<0.05).Root activity,SOD activity,soluble sugar content and soluble protein content were the best treated with corn straw compound substrate Y,followed by rice straw compound matrix,and root activity and soluble protein content were higher than those of peanut straw composite substrate.Considering the maturity of corn straw can replace peat and perlite,vermiculite was used as towel gourd seedling substrate.
引文
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[19] 侯永侠,周宝利,吴晓玲.不同作物桔秆对辣椒的化感效应[J].生态学杂志,2009,28(6):1107-1111.
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[21] 仇硕,张敏,孙延东,等.植物重金属镉(Cd2+)吸收、运输、积累及耐性机理研究进展[J].西北植物学报,2006,26(12):2615-2622.
[22] 宫再英,周新刚,潘凯吴,等.不同比例的玉米、小麦、菊芋秸秆对黄瓜幼苗生长及相关生理指标的影响[J].作物杂志,2015(6):126-131.
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[2] 崔金霞,刘慧英.有机基质棉秆进行黄瓜育苗试验研究[J].温室园艺,2008(7):32-33.
[3] CHAPMAN H D,LIEBIG C F.Nitrate concentration and ion balance in relation to citrus nutrition[J].Hilgardia,1940,13:141-173.
[4] MARIANTHI T.Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) core and rice hulls as components of container media for growing Pinushalepensis M.seedlings[J].Bioresource Technology,2006,97:1631-1639.
[5] 李晓强,卜崇兴,郭世荣.菇渣复合基质栽培对蔬菜幼苗生长的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2006,37(3):517-520.
[6] 郭世荣.固体栽培基质研究、开发现状及发展趋势[J].农业工程学报,2005(21):1-4.
[7] 陈昆,卞曙光,龙卫国,等.淮北日光温室丝瓜吊蔓式立体栽培技术[J].长江蔬菜,2014(1):33-35.
[8] 高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[9] 王忠.植物生理学[M].2版.北京:中国农业出版社,2012.
[10] 王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[11] 叶尚红,张志明,陈疏影.植物生理生化实验教程[M].2版.昆明:云南科技出版社,2007.
[12] 张秀丽,张晓明,尤长军.秸秆型基质在茄了育苗上的应用[J].吉林蔬菜,2007(6):56-57.
[13] 韩春梅,李春龙,叶少平,等.小麦秸秆与菇渣混合基质对黄瓜秧苗质量的影响[J].长江蔬菜,2010(22):49-50.
[14] NOGUERA P,BAD M A,NOGUERA V.Coconut coir waste,a new and viable ecologically-friendly peat substitute[J].Acat Hort,2000,517:279-286.
[15] 斤延凤.作物桔秆利用方式对口光温室连作上壤理化性状的影响[J].北方园艺,2015(8):169-172.
[16] 杨慧玲,孙治强,张惠梅.不同基质肥料配方对黄瓜幼苗生长的影响[J].2002,36(1):70-74.
[17] 高新昊,刘兆辉,李晓林,等.秸秆基质的配比优化及在设施番茄栽培上的应用效果研究[J].土壤通报,2009,40(5):1147-1150.
[18] 郝树芹,韩素芹,隋静,等.生姜秸秆复配基质在黄瓜育苗上的应用[J].北方园艺,2016(20):49-51.
[19] 侯永侠,周宝利,吴晓玲.不同作物桔秆对辣椒的化感效应[J].生态学杂志,2009,28(6):1107-1111.
[20] AMBLER J R,MORGAN P W,JORDAN W R.Amounts of zeatin and zeatinriboside in xylem sap of senscent and nonsenescentsorghum[J].Crop Science,2003,32(2):411-419.
[21] 仇硕,张敏,孙延东,等.植物重金属镉(Cd2+)吸收、运输、积累及耐性机理研究进展[J].西北植物学报,2006,26(12):2615-2622.
[22] 宫再英,周新刚,潘凯吴,等.不同比例的玉米、小麦、菊芋秸秆对黄瓜幼苗生长及相关生理指标的影响[J].作物杂志,2015(6):126-131.
[23] 李德全,高辉远,孟庆伟.植物生理学[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,1992.