林地清理方式对桉树人工林生长的影响
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摘要
为探寻最适合桉树人工林及林下植被生长的林地清理方式,选择福建省华安县西陂国有林场不同林地清理方式(全面清除、全树收获、商业收获、采伐剩余物加倍和常规处理)的桉树人工林,进行3年定位观测研究.结果表明:(1)不同林地清理方式对桉树人工林树高、胸径和单株材积均有显著影响,造林半年后,全面清除处理的桉树人工林树高、胸径和单株材积生长明显优于其他林地清理方式;造林第1年,采伐剩余物加倍处理的桉树人工林树高、胸径和单株材积生长量最高;造林1.5年到第3年,商业收获处理的桉树人工林树高、胸径和单株材积生长优势明显,商业收获>全树收获>采伐剩余物加倍>全面清除>常规处理.(2)商业收获处理在增加林下植被数量上有较大优势,商业收获>全树收获>常规处理>全面清除>采伐剩余物加倍.(3)造林1.5年和第3年,商业收获处理的林下植被丰富度、群落盖度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数也最大.表明采用商业收获进行林地清理更有利于桉树人工林及林下植被的生长.
In order to explore the most suitable ground clearance for Eucalyptus plantation and understory vegetation, different ground clearance methods(total clearance, whole tree harvest, commercial harvest, double residue and routine treatment) were applied to Eucalyptus plantation in Xipi state-owned forest farm of Hua'an County in Fujian Province. Orientation observation was conducted for 3 years. The results showed that different ground clearance methods exerted significant impacts on the tree height, DBH and individual volume of Eucalyptus plantation. After 6 months of afforestation, the growth of the tree height, DBH and individual volume of Eucalyptus plantation from thorough clearance were obviously better than those of other methods. While at the end of the first year, the tree height, DBH and individual volume of Eucalyptus plantation with double residue reached the highest among all methods. In the 1.5-3.0 years of afforestation, all 3 indicators of Eucalyptus plantation with commercial harvest were obviously advantageous over other methods. And the overall growth status of Eucalyptus plantation in a descending order was followed by commercial harvest, wholel tree harvest, double residue, total clearance, routine treatment. Moreover, commercial harvesting resulted in the most varieties of understory vegetation, which was followed by whole tree harvest, routine treatment, total clearance, double residue. In the 1.5-3.0 years of afforestation, richness, community coverage, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson diversity index and Pielou evenness index were also the highest among all methods. Therefore, commercial harvest is more beneficial for the growth of Eucalyptus plantation and understory vegetation.
In order to explore the most suitable ground clearance for Eucalyptus plantation and understory vegetation, different ground clearance methods(total clearance, whole tree harvest, commercial harvest, double residue and routine treatment) were applied to Eucalyptus plantation in Xipi state-owned forest farm of Hua'an County in Fujian Province. Orientation observation was conducted for 3 years. The results showed that different ground clearance methods exerted significant impacts on the tree height, DBH and individual volume of Eucalyptus plantation. After 6 months of afforestation, the growth of the tree height, DBH and individual volume of Eucalyptus plantation from thorough clearance were obviously better than those of other methods. While at the end of the first year, the tree height, DBH and individual volume of Eucalyptus plantation with double residue reached the highest among all methods. In the 1.5-3.0 years of afforestation, all 3 indicators of Eucalyptus plantation with commercial harvest were obviously advantageous over other methods. And the overall growth status of Eucalyptus plantation in a descending order was followed by commercial harvest, wholel tree harvest, double residue, total clearance, routine treatment. Moreover, commercial harvesting resulted in the most varieties of understory vegetation, which was followed by whole tree harvest, routine treatment, total clearance, double residue. In the 1.5-3.0 years of afforestation, richness, community coverage, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson diversity index and Pielou evenness index were also the highest among all methods. Therefore, commercial harvest is more beneficial for the growth of Eucalyptus plantation and understory vegetation.
引文
[1] 吴友河.林地清理方式对杉木马尾松混交林幼林生产力的影响[J].亚热带农业研究,2014,10(2):101-106.
[2] 张友育.林地清理方式对巨尾桉萌芽林生态效应的影响[J].安徽农学通报,2008,14(11):177-178.
[3] 邓宝珍.生态型林地清理对杉木生长及物种多样性的影响[J].林业科技开发,2007,21(5):32-34.
[4] 舒学平.不同林地清理方式对杉木林土壤容重和速效养分含量的影响[J].防护林科技,2013(8):18-19.
[5] 任文萍.不同林地清理方式对油松幼苗生长的影响[J].林业科技,2016,41(5):33-35.
[6] 谢安强,洪伟,吴承祯,等.桉树内生菌对尾巨桉幼苗抗寒性的影响[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2011,40(2):138-144.
[7] GONCALVES J L D M, STAPE J L, LACLAU J P, et al. Silvicultural effects on the productivity and wood quality of eucalypt plantations[J]. Forest Ecology & Management, 2004,193(1-2):45-61.
[8] GONZALEZ P, PEREZ-BIDEGAIN M, GUTIERREZ L, et al. Evaluation of different tillage intensities on Eucalyptus grandis on a typic Hapludult of Uruguay[J]. Agrociencia, 2012,16(3):302-305.
[9] 黄建海.漳州市桉树人工林(尾叶桉、巨尾桉、尾巨桉)二元材积表的编制[J].林业调查规划,2006(4):20-24.
[10] MAGURRAN A E. Ecological Diversity and Its Measurement[M]. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1988.
[11] SHANNON C E, WEAVER W. The Mathematical Theory of Communication[M]. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1949.
[12] WHITTAKER R H. Evolution and measurement of species diversity[J]. Taxon, 1972,21(2/3):213-252.
[13] 贾忠奎.我国人工林长期生产力维持技术研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2012,25(1):49-54.
[14] 石明明,张永超,张典业,等.高寒草甸草地微斑块植物特征及其土壤性质的研究[J].草业学报,2015,24(9):197-205.
[15] 陶玉华,曹书阁,隆卫革,等.罗城马尾松人工林林下植被生物量与丰富度的关系研究[J].黑龙江农业科学,2014(10):88-90.
[16] 马祥庆,杨玉盛,林开敏,等.不同林地清理方式对杉木人工林生态系统的影响[J].生态学报,1997,17(2):176-183.
[17] 徐明华.不同营林技术措施对马尾松人工林生长的影响[J].绿色科技,2016(11):33-34.
[18] 林声庆.不同营林技术措施对马尾松人工林生长的影响[J].山东林业科技,2013,43(4):70-73.
[19] HYVARINEN E, KOUKI J, MARTIKAINEN P, et al. Short-term effects of controlled burning and green-tree retention on beetle (Coleoptera) assemblages in managed boreal forests[J]. Forest Ecology & Management, 2005,212(13):315-33.
[20] 张正雄,赵尘,周新年,等.皆伐与不同迹地清理方式对我国南方林地土壤温度的影响[J].森林工程,2010,26(6):1-3.
[21] 翁贤权.1代杉木采伐剩余物对2代杉木生长的影响[J].福建林业科技,2013,40(2):24-27.
[22] 何宗明,范少辉,林光耀,等.立地管理措施对二代2年生杉木林生长影响[J].福建林学院学报,2002,22(1):17-20.
[23] 林宝平.采伐剩余物管理措施对二代杉木人工林土壤速效养分的长期效应[D].福州:福建农林大学,2017.
[24] 邹双全.杉木幼林套种经济植物的模式[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2005,34(2):234-238.
[25] 王瑞华,葛晓敏,唐罗忠.林下植被多样性、生物量及养分作用研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2014,27(1):43-48.
[26] 许生明.炼山对桉树人工林生态效益的影响研究[J].安徽农学通报,2012,18(9):141-142.
[27] 余雪标,钟罗生,杨为东,等.桉树人工林林下植被结构的研究[J].热带作物学报,1999,20(1):66-72.
[28] 仲应喜.采伐剩余物管理方式对二代杉木幼林生产力的影响[D].福州:福建农林大学,2005.
[29] 杨再鸿.海南岛桉树人工林林下植物多样性的比较研究[D].海口:华南热带农业大学,2001.
[2] 张友育.林地清理方式对巨尾桉萌芽林生态效应的影响[J].安徽农学通报,2008,14(11):177-178.
[3] 邓宝珍.生态型林地清理对杉木生长及物种多样性的影响[J].林业科技开发,2007,21(5):32-34.
[4] 舒学平.不同林地清理方式对杉木林土壤容重和速效养分含量的影响[J].防护林科技,2013(8):18-19.
[5] 任文萍.不同林地清理方式对油松幼苗生长的影响[J].林业科技,2016,41(5):33-35.
[6] 谢安强,洪伟,吴承祯,等.桉树内生菌对尾巨桉幼苗抗寒性的影响[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2011,40(2):138-144.
[7] GONCALVES J L D M, STAPE J L, LACLAU J P, et al. Silvicultural effects on the productivity and wood quality of eucalypt plantations[J]. Forest Ecology & Management, 2004,193(1-2):45-61.
[8] GONZALEZ P, PEREZ-BIDEGAIN M, GUTIERREZ L, et al. Evaluation of different tillage intensities on Eucalyptus grandis on a typic Hapludult of Uruguay[J]. Agrociencia, 2012,16(3):302-305.
[9] 黄建海.漳州市桉树人工林(尾叶桉、巨尾桉、尾巨桉)二元材积表的编制[J].林业调查规划,2006(4):20-24.
[10] MAGURRAN A E. Ecological Diversity and Its Measurement[M]. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1988.
[11] SHANNON C E, WEAVER W. The Mathematical Theory of Communication[M]. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1949.
[12] WHITTAKER R H. Evolution and measurement of species diversity[J]. Taxon, 1972,21(2/3):213-252.
[13] 贾忠奎.我国人工林长期生产力维持技术研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2012,25(1):49-54.
[14] 石明明,张永超,张典业,等.高寒草甸草地微斑块植物特征及其土壤性质的研究[J].草业学报,2015,24(9):197-205.
[15] 陶玉华,曹书阁,隆卫革,等.罗城马尾松人工林林下植被生物量与丰富度的关系研究[J].黑龙江农业科学,2014(10):88-90.
[16] 马祥庆,杨玉盛,林开敏,等.不同林地清理方式对杉木人工林生态系统的影响[J].生态学报,1997,17(2):176-183.
[17] 徐明华.不同营林技术措施对马尾松人工林生长的影响[J].绿色科技,2016(11):33-34.
[18] 林声庆.不同营林技术措施对马尾松人工林生长的影响[J].山东林业科技,2013,43(4):70-73.
[19] HYVARINEN E, KOUKI J, MARTIKAINEN P, et al. Short-term effects of controlled burning and green-tree retention on beetle (Coleoptera) assemblages in managed boreal forests[J]. Forest Ecology & Management, 2005,212(13):315-33.
[20] 张正雄,赵尘,周新年,等.皆伐与不同迹地清理方式对我国南方林地土壤温度的影响[J].森林工程,2010,26(6):1-3.
[21] 翁贤权.1代杉木采伐剩余物对2代杉木生长的影响[J].福建林业科技,2013,40(2):24-27.
[22] 何宗明,范少辉,林光耀,等.立地管理措施对二代2年生杉木林生长影响[J].福建林学院学报,2002,22(1):17-20.
[23] 林宝平.采伐剩余物管理措施对二代杉木人工林土壤速效养分的长期效应[D].福州:福建农林大学,2017.
[24] 邹双全.杉木幼林套种经济植物的模式[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2005,34(2):234-238.
[25] 王瑞华,葛晓敏,唐罗忠.林下植被多样性、生物量及养分作用研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2014,27(1):43-48.
[26] 许生明.炼山对桉树人工林生态效益的影响研究[J].安徽农学通报,2012,18(9):141-142.
[27] 余雪标,钟罗生,杨为东,等.桉树人工林林下植被结构的研究[J].热带作物学报,1999,20(1):66-72.
[28] 仲应喜.采伐剩余物管理方式对二代杉木幼林生产力的影响[D].福州:福建农林大学,2005.
[29] 杨再鸿.海南岛桉树人工林林下植物多样性的比较研究[D].海口:华南热带农业大学,2001.