养殖场搬迁后场地土壤污染评价及农用建议
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摘要
为顺应北京规模化养殖场污染防治与整改要求,保障京郊养殖场搬迁后场地的再利用,该研究对京郊某奶牛养殖场搬迁后的土壤污染情况进行了调查与评价。通过采集养殖场内外不同区域土壤及牛粪样品,测定8种重金属和15种抗生素含量,并采用了单因子污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法评估其污染状况。结果显示养殖场内外除镉、锌个别点位超标外均未出现其他重金属超标现象;15种抗生素中仅有四环素和土霉素的浓度严重超过兽药国际协调委员会提出的土壤抗生素生态毒害效应的触发值(100μg/kg),其中土霉素最大超标倍数达到9.57倍。养殖场搬迁后场地仍应加强污染监控与修复,避免污染累积恶化影响农业安全生产。
In order to comply with the pollution prevention and rectification requirements of large-scale farms in Beijing and to ensure the reuse of the site, this study investigated and evaluated the soil pollution after the relocation of the farm in Beijing suburbs. The contents of 8 heavy metals and 15 antibiotics were determined by collecting soil and cow dung samples from different areas inside and outside the farm. The pollution status was evaluated by single factor pollution index method and Nemero comprehensive pollution index method. There were no other heavy metals exceeding the standard except for the cadmium(Cd) and zinc(Zn) in the farm. The concentration of tetracycline and oxytetracycline exceeded 100μg/kg that proposed by the veterinary drug international coordination committee, and the maximum excess of oxytetracycline was 9.57 times. Therefore, the site should still strengthen pollution monitoring and repair after the farm is relocated, so as to avoid the accumulation of pollution and affect agricultural safety production.
In order to comply with the pollution prevention and rectification requirements of large-scale farms in Beijing and to ensure the reuse of the site, this study investigated and evaluated the soil pollution after the relocation of the farm in Beijing suburbs. The contents of 8 heavy metals and 15 antibiotics were determined by collecting soil and cow dung samples from different areas inside and outside the farm. The pollution status was evaluated by single factor pollution index method and Nemero comprehensive pollution index method. There were no other heavy metals exceeding the standard except for the cadmium(Cd) and zinc(Zn) in the farm. The concentration of tetracycline and oxytetracycline exceeded 100μg/kg that proposed by the veterinary drug international coordination committee, and the maximum excess of oxytetracycline was 9.57 times. Therefore, the site should still strengthen pollution monitoring and repair after the farm is relocated, so as to avoid the accumulation of pollution and affect agricultural safety production.
引文
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[14]薛志斌,李玲,张少凯,等.内梅罗指数法和复合指数法在土壤重金属污染风险评估中的对比研究[J].中国水土保持科学,2018,16(2):119-125.Xue Zhibin,Li Ling,Zhang Shaokai,et al.Comparative study between Nemerow index method and compound index method for the risk assessment of soil heavy metal pollution[J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,16(2):119-125.
[15]姜淑贞,杨在宾,闫庆兵.奶牛微量元素锌营养研究进展[J]中国饲料,2004(2):25-26,29.
[16]杨自军.镉的污染及对动物的危害与防治[J].中国动物保健,2008(5):55-60.
[17]Endoh Y S.Environmental impact assessment and risk management of veterinary medicinal products[J].Journal of Environmental Conservation Engineering,2008(37):852-859.
[18]薛树媛,金海,慕宗杰,等.奶牛常见病防治策略及建议[J]畜牧与饲料科学,2015,36(4):104-105.
[19]杨云裳,薛飞群.抗生素饲料添加剂研究概况[J].中兽医医药杂志,2000(5):38-41.
[20]Sarmah A K,Meyer M T,Boxall A B.A global perspective on the use,sales,exposure pathways,occurrence,fate and effects of veterinary antibiotics(VAs)in the environment[J]Chemosphere,2006,65(5):725-759.
[21]陈苏,晁雷,沙桐,等.土霉素、镉复合污染土壤的植物-微生物强化修复效果[J].生态与农村环境学报,2017,33(3):270-274.Chen Su,Geng Lei,Sha Tong,et al.Effect of plant-microbe intensified remediation of soil polluted with oxytetracycline and cadmium[J].State and Rural Environment Journal,2017,33(3):270-274.
[22]Kumar K,Gupta S C,Chander Y,et al.Antibiotic use in agriculture and its impact on the terrestrial environment[J].Advances in Agronomy,2005,87(5):1-54.
[2]高定,陈同斌,刘斌,等.我国畜禽养殖业粪便污染风险与控制策略[J].地理研究,2006(2):311-319.
[3]于炎湖.饲料安全性问题:(4)饲料中重金属元素污染的来源、危害及其预防[J].养殖与饲料,2003(2):3-5.
[4]卜泽明,唐建,严明,等.饲料主要微量元素在环境中的残留调查[J].广西畜牧兽医,2018(3):122-124.Bu Zeming,Tang Jian,Yan Ming,et al.Investigation of residues of main trace elements in feeds in the environment[J].Guangxi Journal of Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2018(3):122-124.
[5]凌文翠,范玉梅,方瑶瑶,等.京津冀地区畜禽养殖业抗生素污染现状分析[J].环境工程技术学报,2018,8(4):390-397.Ling Wencui,Fan Yumei,Fang Yaoyao,et al.Analysis of antibiotic pollution status in livestock and poultry breeding industry in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2018,8(4):390-397.
[6]Wang H,Xu J,Liu X,et al.Study on the pollution status and control measures for the livestock and poultry breeding industry in northeastern China[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research,2017,25(1):1-11.
[7]李杨.阜新市典型畜禽养殖场周边土壤重金属现状调查分析[J].现代农业科技,2018(7):214-219.Li Yang.Investigation and analysis of the status of soil heavy metals in typical livestock and poultry farms in Fuxin city[J].Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,2018(7):214-219.
[8]蒋晶,皇甫晓东,周礼,等.永州市畜禽养殖场周边土壤重金属污染现状评价[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(14):81-83,171.Jiang Jing,Huangpu Xiaodong,Zhou Li,et al.Evaluation of heavy metal pollution in soils around livestock and poultry farms in Yongzhou city[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2016,44(14):81-83,171.
[9]刘艳萍,刘鸿雁,吴龙华,等.贵阳市某蔬菜地养殖废水污灌土壤重金属、抗生素复合污染研究[J].环境科学学报2017,37(3):1074-1082.Liu Yanping,Liu Hongyan,Wu Longhua,et al.Study on combined pollution of heavy metals and antibiotics in sewage irrigation soil of a vegetable field in Guiyang City[J]Journal of Environmental Science,2017,37(3):1074-1082.
[10]孙秀敏,雷敏,李璐,等.微波消解-ICP-MS法同时测定土壤中8种重(类)金属元素[J].分析试验室,2014(10):1177-1180.Sun Xiumin,Lei Min,Li Wei,et al.Simultaneous determination of eight heavy metals elements in soil by microwave digestion-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry[J].Chinese Journal of Analysis Laboratory,2014(10):1177-1180.
[11]郭欣妍,王娜,郝利君,等.超高效液相色谱/串联质谱法同时测定水、土壤及粪便中25种抗生素[J].分析化学,2015(1):13-20.
[12]马丽丽,郭昌胜,胡伟,等.固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定土壤中氟喹诺酮、四环素和磺胺类抗生素[J].分析学,2010,38(1):21-26.Ma Lili,Guo Changsheng,Hu Wei,et al.Simultaneous extraction and determination of eighteen fluoroquinolone,tetracycline and sulfonamide antibiotics from soils using solidphase extraction and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry[J].Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry2010,38(1):21-26.
[13]孔凡彬,刘阳.单因子指数法和内梅罗指数法在土壤环境质量评价中的比较[J].甘肃科技,2014,30(3):21-22.Kong Fanbin,Liu Yang.Comparison of single factor index method and Nemero index method in soil environmental quality assessment[J].Gansu Science and Technology,201430(3):21-22.
[14]薛志斌,李玲,张少凯,等.内梅罗指数法和复合指数法在土壤重金属污染风险评估中的对比研究[J].中国水土保持科学,2018,16(2):119-125.Xue Zhibin,Li Ling,Zhang Shaokai,et al.Comparative study between Nemerow index method and compound index method for the risk assessment of soil heavy metal pollution[J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,16(2):119-125.
[15]姜淑贞,杨在宾,闫庆兵.奶牛微量元素锌营养研究进展[J]中国饲料,2004(2):25-26,29.
[16]杨自军.镉的污染及对动物的危害与防治[J].中国动物保健,2008(5):55-60.
[17]Endoh Y S.Environmental impact assessment and risk management of veterinary medicinal products[J].Journal of Environmental Conservation Engineering,2008(37):852-859.
[18]薛树媛,金海,慕宗杰,等.奶牛常见病防治策略及建议[J]畜牧与饲料科学,2015,36(4):104-105.
[19]杨云裳,薛飞群.抗生素饲料添加剂研究概况[J].中兽医医药杂志,2000(5):38-41.
[20]Sarmah A K,Meyer M T,Boxall A B.A global perspective on the use,sales,exposure pathways,occurrence,fate and effects of veterinary antibiotics(VAs)in the environment[J]Chemosphere,2006,65(5):725-759.
[21]陈苏,晁雷,沙桐,等.土霉素、镉复合污染土壤的植物-微生物强化修复效果[J].生态与农村环境学报,2017,33(3):270-274.Chen Su,Geng Lei,Sha Tong,et al.Effect of plant-microbe intensified remediation of soil polluted with oxytetracycline and cadmium[J].State and Rural Environment Journal,2017,33(3):270-274.
[22]Kumar K,Gupta S C,Chander Y,et al.Antibiotic use in agriculture and its impact on the terrestrial environment[J].Advances in Agronomy,2005,87(5):1-54.