棕鞭藻及其培养滤液对铜绿微囊藻生长及生理特性的影响
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摘要
为探究藻类之间的可能存在的信息传递,研究了棕鞭藻(Ochromonas sp.)及其培养滤液对铜绿微囊藻的生长及生理特性的影响。结果发现, 3种不同接种比例(1﹕4、1﹕1和4﹕1)的棕鞭藻与微囊藻共培养下,微囊藻细胞密度到第4天均下降到最低值,而棕囊藻细胞密度则显著增加。同时,棕鞭藻培养滤液能够抑制微囊藻的生长、导致丙二醛(MDA)含量和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。此外,棕鞭藻培养滤液也能促进微囊藻胞外多糖(EPS)含量显著增加。这表明棕鞭藻不仅能吞噬微囊藻,而且可能释放某些化感物质抑制微囊藻生长及生理参数。这暗示了棕鞭藻可作为潜在的藻类水华控制生物,抑制早期藻类大量增殖。
Microcystis bloom has caused many environmental problems, and its mechanism of bloom-formation and adaptation has been noticed wildly. To examine the possible information transfer by chemicals between both algae, the effect of Ochromonas and its culture media filtrate on the growth and physiological traits of Microcystis aeruginosa was investigated in this study. The results indicated that the cell density in Microcystis decreased significantly, while the cell density in Ochromonas increased markedly when Microcystis and Ochromonas were co-cultured at three initial cell density(1﹕4, 1﹕1 and 4﹕1). Moreover, the culture media filtrate of Ochromonas sp. could inhibit the growth, and resulted in an increase of malondialdehyde(MDA) content and catalase(CAT) activity. Additionally, the content of extracellular polysaccharides(EPS) increased markedly in Microcystis when it was inoculated into the culture media filtrate of Ochromonas sp. These results indicated that Ochromonas not only could prey on Microcystis, but also might release some of the chemicals to inhibit the growth and physiological parameters of Microcystis. This suggested that Ochromonas might be used to inhibit the early proliferation of algae as a potential control of algae blooms.
Microcystis bloom has caused many environmental problems, and its mechanism of bloom-formation and adaptation has been noticed wildly. To examine the possible information transfer by chemicals between both algae, the effect of Ochromonas and its culture media filtrate on the growth and physiological traits of Microcystis aeruginosa was investigated in this study. The results indicated that the cell density in Microcystis decreased significantly, while the cell density in Ochromonas increased markedly when Microcystis and Ochromonas were co-cultured at three initial cell density(1﹕4, 1﹕1 and 4﹕1). Moreover, the culture media filtrate of Ochromonas sp. could inhibit the growth, and resulted in an increase of malondialdehyde(MDA) content and catalase(CAT) activity. Additionally, the content of extracellular polysaccharides(EPS) increased markedly in Microcystis when it was inoculated into the culture media filtrate of Ochromonas sp. These results indicated that Ochromonas not only could prey on Microcystis, but also might release some of the chemicals to inhibit the growth and physiological parameters of Microcystis. This suggested that Ochromonas might be used to inhibit the early proliferation of algae as a potential control of algae blooms.
引文
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[6]Wang J T,Li H.Influencing factors of competition and succession in marine algae-Overview of allelopathy[J].Marine Environmental Science,2012,31(1):136-139
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[16]Xu S,Yang Y J,Xu J Z,et al.The physiological response of colonial and single-celled form of Microcystis to short-term high stress[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2017,41(2):443-447[徐沙,杨燕君,许金铸,等.群体和单细胞微囊藻对短期高光胁迫的生理响应.水生生物学报,2017,41(2):443-447]
[17]Braford M M.A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation on microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding[J].Analytical Biochemistry,1976,72(s 1-2):248-254
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[19]Liu X Y,Shi M,Liao Y H,et al.Protozoa capable of grazing on cyanobacteria and its biological control of the algae blooming[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2005,25(4):456-461[刘新尧,石苗,廖永红,等.食藻原生动物及其在治理蓝藻水华中的应用前景.水生生物学报,2005,25(4):456-461]
[20]Tang K W.Grazing and colony size development in Phaeocystis globosa(Prymnesiophyceae):the role of a chemical signal[J].Journal of Plankton Research,2003,25(25):831-842
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[22]Celussi M,Fabbro C,Bastianini M,et al.Polysaccharide degradation and utilization during a spring phytoplankton bloom in the northwestern Adriatic Sea[J].Hydrobiologia,2015,757(1):209-222
[23]Sun Y Y,Wang C H,Chen J.Purification of growth-inhibitor formed by Isochrysis galbana[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2008,28(2):430-435[孙颖颖,王长海,陈静.球等鞭金藻细胞生长抑制物的分离纯化.光谱学与光谱分析,2008,28(2):430-435]
[24]Guilard R R L,Hellebust J A.Growth and the production of extracellular substances by two strains of Phaeocystis pouchetii[J].Journal of Phycology,1971,7(4):330-338
[25]Okamoto O K,Colepicolo P.Response of superoxide dismutase to pollutant metal stress in the marine dinoflagellate Gonyaulax polyedra[J].Comparative Biochemistry&Physiology Part C:Pharmacology Toxicology&Endocrinology,1998,119(1):67-73
[26]Abomohra A-F,El-Sheekh M,Hanelt D.Extracellular secretion of free fatty acids by the chrysophyte Ochromonas danica under photoautotrophic and mixotrophicgrowth[J].World Journal of Microbiology&Biotechnology,2014,30(12):3111-3119
[27]Reynolds C S.Variability in the provision and function of mucilage in phytoplankton:facultative responses to the environment[J].Hydrobiologia,2007,578(1):3745-3768
[28]Burkert U,Hyenstrand P,Drakare S,et al.Effects of the mixotrophic flagellate Ochromonas sp.on colony formation in Microcystis aeruginosa[J].Aquatic Ecology,2001,35(1):9-17
[29]Yang Z,Kong F X.Formation of large colonies:a defense mechanism of Microcystis aeruginosa under continuous grazing pressure by flagellate Ochromonas sp[J].Journal of Limnology,2012,71(1):e5
[30]Gan N Q,Xiao Y,Zhu L,et al.The role of microcystins in maintaining colonies of bloom-forming Microcystis spp[J].Environmental Microbiology,2012,14(3):730-742
[31]Shi J Q,Yang S Q,Wu Z X.Physiological and molecular responses to calcium supplementation in Microcystis aeru ginosa(Cyanobacteria)[J].New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research,2013,47(1):51-61
[32]Ge H M,Zhou X P,Xia L,et al.Effects of light and nitrogen source on the secretion of extracellular polysaccharides from Nostoc sp[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2014,38(3):480-486[葛红梅,周旭萍,夏令,等.光强和氮源对念珠藻胞外多糖分泌的影响.水生生物学报,2014,38(3):480-486]
[2]Kong F X,Gao G.Hypothesis on cyanobacteria bloomforming mechanism in large shallow eutrophic lakes[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(3):589-595[孔繁翔,高光.大型浅水富营养化湖泊中蓝藻水华形成机理的思考.生态学报,2005,25(3):589-595]
[3]O’Neil J M,Davis T W,Burford M A,et al.The rise of harmful cyanobacteria blooms:the potential roles of eutrophication and climate change[J].Harmful Algae,2012,14(1):313-334
[4]Kong F X,Song L R.The formation process of cyanobacterial bloom and its environmental characteristics[M].Beijing:Science Press.2011,67-280[孔繁翔,宋立荣.蓝藻水华形成过程及其环境特征研究.北京:科学出版社.2011,67-280]
[5]Keating K I.Blue-green algal inhibition of diatom growth:transition from mesotrophic to eutrophic community structure[J].Science,1978,199(4332):971-973
[6]Wang J T,Li H.Influencing factors of competition and succession in marine algae-Overview of allelopathy[J].Marine Environmental Science,2012,31(1):136-139
[7]Pratt C M.Competition between Skeletonma costatum and Olisthediscus luteus in Narraaganesett Bay and in culture[J].Limnology and Oceanography,1966,11(4):447-455
[8]Riegman R.Nutrient related selection mechanisms in marine phytoplankton communities and the impact of eutrophication on the planktonic food web[J].Water Science and Technology,1995,32(4):63-75
[9]Fistarol G O,Legrand C,Graneli E.Allelopathic effect of Prymnesium parvum on a natural plankton community[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2003,255(8):115-125
[10]Daley R J,Morris G P,Brown S R.Phagotrophic ingestion of a blue-green alga by Ochoromonas[J].Journal of Protozoology,1973,20(1):58-61
[11]Baekal S H,Hong S S,Song S Y,et al.Grazing effects on toxic and non-toxic Microcystis aeruginosa by the mixotrophic flagellate Ochromonas sp[J].Journal of Freshwater Ecology,2009,24(3):367-373
[12]Yang X J,Peng Y F,Huang X,et al.Isolation,identification and grazing characteristics of a protozoan species Ochromonas sp.[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2015,34(4):1072-1077[杨晓景,彭玉辅,黄鑫,等.一种赭球虫(Ochromonas sp.)的分离鉴定及食藻特性.生态学杂志,2015,34(4):1072-1077]
[13]Li F C,Wang F Q,Zhang F H,et al.Grazing and trophic strategy of Ochromonas sp.on Chlorella pyrenoidosa[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2010,29(3):539-542[李凤超,王福强,张富华,等.棕鞭藻对蛋白核小球藻的摄食及其营养策略.生态学杂志,2010,29(3):539-542]
[14]Peng Y F.Isolation,purification and preliminary study of microalgae,algae and algae lysing bacteria in Dianchi waters[D].Master Thesis,Kunming University of Science and Technology.2012[彭玉辅.滇池水域微藻种群变化、食藻原生动物和溶藻细菌分离纯化及初步研究.硕士论文,昆明理工大学.2012]
[15]Rippka R,Deruelles J,Waterbury J B,et al.Generic assignments,strain histories and properties of pure cultures of cyanobacteria[J].Journal of General Microbiology,1979,111(6):1-61
[16]Xu S,Yang Y J,Xu J Z,et al.The physiological response of colonial and single-celled form of Microcystis to short-term high stress[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2017,41(2):443-447[徐沙,杨燕君,许金铸,等.群体和单细胞微囊藻对短期高光胁迫的生理响应.水生生物学报,2017,41(2):443-447]
[17]Braford M M.A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation on microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding[J].Analytical Biochemistry,1976,72(s 1-2):248-254
[18]Dubois M,Gilles K A,Hamilton J K,et al.Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances[J].Analytical Chemistry,1956,28(3):350-356
[19]Liu X Y,Shi M,Liao Y H,et al.Protozoa capable of grazing on cyanobacteria and its biological control of the algae blooming[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2005,25(4):456-461[刘新尧,石苗,廖永红,等.食藻原生动物及其在治理蓝藻水华中的应用前景.水生生物学报,2005,25(4):456-461]
[20]Tang K W.Grazing and colony size development in Phaeocystis globosa(Prymnesiophyceae):the role of a chemical signal[J].Journal of Plankton Research,2003,25(25):831-842
[21]Cherrier J,Valentine S K,Hamill B,et al.Light-mediated release of dissolved organic carbon by phytoplankton[J].Journal of Marine Systems,2015,147:45-51
[22]Celussi M,Fabbro C,Bastianini M,et al.Polysaccharide degradation and utilization during a spring phytoplankton bloom in the northwestern Adriatic Sea[J].Hydrobiologia,2015,757(1):209-222
[23]Sun Y Y,Wang C H,Chen J.Purification of growth-inhibitor formed by Isochrysis galbana[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2008,28(2):430-435[孙颖颖,王长海,陈静.球等鞭金藻细胞生长抑制物的分离纯化.光谱学与光谱分析,2008,28(2):430-435]
[24]Guilard R R L,Hellebust J A.Growth and the production of extracellular substances by two strains of Phaeocystis pouchetii[J].Journal of Phycology,1971,7(4):330-338
[25]Okamoto O K,Colepicolo P.Response of superoxide dismutase to pollutant metal stress in the marine dinoflagellate Gonyaulax polyedra[J].Comparative Biochemistry&Physiology Part C:Pharmacology Toxicology&Endocrinology,1998,119(1):67-73
[26]Abomohra A-F,El-Sheekh M,Hanelt D.Extracellular secretion of free fatty acids by the chrysophyte Ochromonas danica under photoautotrophic and mixotrophicgrowth[J].World Journal of Microbiology&Biotechnology,2014,30(12):3111-3119
[27]Reynolds C S.Variability in the provision and function of mucilage in phytoplankton:facultative responses to the environment[J].Hydrobiologia,2007,578(1):3745-3768
[28]Burkert U,Hyenstrand P,Drakare S,et al.Effects of the mixotrophic flagellate Ochromonas sp.on colony formation in Microcystis aeruginosa[J].Aquatic Ecology,2001,35(1):9-17
[29]Yang Z,Kong F X.Formation of large colonies:a defense mechanism of Microcystis aeruginosa under continuous grazing pressure by flagellate Ochromonas sp[J].Journal of Limnology,2012,71(1):e5
[30]Gan N Q,Xiao Y,Zhu L,et al.The role of microcystins in maintaining colonies of bloom-forming Microcystis spp[J].Environmental Microbiology,2012,14(3):730-742
[31]Shi J Q,Yang S Q,Wu Z X.Physiological and molecular responses to calcium supplementation in Microcystis aeru ginosa(Cyanobacteria)[J].New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research,2013,47(1):51-61
[32]Ge H M,Zhou X P,Xia L,et al.Effects of light and nitrogen source on the secretion of extracellular polysaccharides from Nostoc sp[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2014,38(3):480-486[葛红梅,周旭萍,夏令,等.光强和氮源对念珠藻胞外多糖分泌的影响.水生生物学报,2014,38(3):480-486]