外来种克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)对3种沉水植物的牧食研究
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摘要
为探讨外来种克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)对沉水植物牧食的偏好性和牧食强度,采用投喂实验的方式,研究了3种沉水植物刺苦草(Vallisneria spinulosa)、轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)和伊乐藻(Elodea nuttallii)的适口性。结果表明,克氏原螯虾对轮叶黑藻的取食速率最大(7.24±0.24mg·d~(-1)),其次是苦草(3.70±1.14mg·d~(-1)),伊乐藻最小(0.60±0.12 mg·d~(-1)),说明伊乐藻的适口性最差,轮叶黑藻的适口性最好,苦草的适口性居中。3种沉水植物的纤维素、多酚含量和氮含量都没有显著性差异,而伊乐藻却具有更高的碳(C)含量和更高的碳氮比(C:N)。总体来说, 3种沉水植物的物理结构、碳(C)含量和碳氮比(C:N)在外来种克氏原螯虾对沉水植物的牧食中具有重要的作用。
This study investigated the palatability of three species(Vallisneria spinulosa, Hydrilla verticillata and Elodea nuttallii) by feeding test to figure out the feeding preferences and the grazing intensity of submerged macrophytes for invasive crayfish Procambarus clarkii. Our results showed that the daily consumed biomass of crayfish on H. verticillata was the largest(7.24±0.24)mg·d~(-1), followed by V. spinulosa(3.70±1.14) mg·d~(-1), and E. nuttallii(0.60±0.12) mg·d~(-1), indicating that the palatability of E. nuttallii was the worst, H. verticillata was the best, and V. spinulosa was in the middle. Our findings suggested that the cellulose content,polyphenol content, and nitrogen content(N) of the three submerged macrophytes were not significant difference, but E. nuttallii had more C and higher C:N ratio. In a word, the content of physical characteristics, C and C:N ratio of the three submerged macropyhtes played an important role on the herbivory of crayfish on submerged macrophytes.
This study investigated the palatability of three species(Vallisneria spinulosa, Hydrilla verticillata and Elodea nuttallii) by feeding test to figure out the feeding preferences and the grazing intensity of submerged macrophytes for invasive crayfish Procambarus clarkii. Our results showed that the daily consumed biomass of crayfish on H. verticillata was the largest(7.24±0.24)mg·d~(-1), followed by V. spinulosa(3.70±1.14) mg·d~(-1), and E. nuttallii(0.60±0.12) mg·d~(-1), indicating that the palatability of E. nuttallii was the worst, H. verticillata was the best, and V. spinulosa was in the middle. Our findings suggested that the cellulose content,polyphenol content, and nitrogen content(N) of the three submerged macrophytes were not significant difference, but E. nuttallii had more C and higher C:N ratio. In a word, the content of physical characteristics, C and C:N ratio of the three submerged macropyhtes played an important role on the herbivory of crayfish on submerged macrophytes.
引文
[1]HOBBS III H H,JASS J P,HUNER J V.A review of global crayfish introductions with particular emphasis on two North American species(Decapoda,Cambaridae)[J].Crustaceana,1989,56(3):299-316.
[2]LOUREIRO T G,ANASTáCIO P M S G,ARAUJO P B,et al.Red Swamp crayfish:biology,ecology and invasion-an overview[J].Nauplius,2015,23(1):1-19.
[3]FRANCESCA G.Crayfish invading Europe:the case study of Procambarus clarkii[J].Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology,2006,39(3):175-191.
[4]王卫民.软壳克氏原螯虾在我国开发利用的前景[J].水生生物学报,1999,23(4):375-381.
[5]李振宇,解焱.中国外来入侵种[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2002.
[6]王亚民,曹文宣.中国水生外来入侵物种对策研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,25(1):13-19.
[7]曹玲亮,周立志,张保卫.安徽三大水系入侵物种克氏原螯虾的种群遗传格局[J].生物多样性,2010,18(4):398-407.
[8]王长忠,李忠,梁宏伟,等.长江下游地区4个克氏原螯虾群体的遗传多样性分析[J].生物多样性,2009,17(5):518-523.
[9]张萌,白俊,金辉,等.不同地理群体的克氏原螯虾形态差异多元分析[J].南昌大学学报(理科版),2016,40(2):188-196.
[10]蔡凤金,武正军,何南,等.克氏原螯虾的入侵生态学研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(1):124-132.
[11]HOLDICH D M,LOWERY R S.Freshwater crayfish:biology,management,and exploitation[M].London:Croom Helm,1988.
[12]TWARDOCHLEB L A,OLDEN J D,LARSON E R.Aglobal meta-analysis of the ecological impacts of nonnative crayfish[J].Freshwater Science,2013,32(4):1367-1382.
[13]CORREIA A M,ANASTáCIO P M.Shifts in aquatic macroinvertebrate biodiversity associated with the presence and size of an alien crayfish[J].Ecological Research,2008,23(4):729-734.
[14]GAMRADT S C,KATS L B,ANZALONE C B.Aggression by non-native crayfish deters breeding in California Newts[J].Conservation Biology,1997,11(3):793-796.
[15]REYNOLDS J D,SOUTYGROSSET C,KOZAK P,et al.A review of ecological interactions between crayfish and fish,indigenous and introduced[J].Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems,2011,401(10):1-21.
[16]MATSUZAKI S I S,USIO N,TAKAMURA N,et al.Contrasting impacts of invasive engineers on freshwater ecosystems:an experiment and meta-analysis[J].Oecologia,2009,158(4):673-686.
[17]VAN DER WAL J M,DORENBOSCH M,IMMERS A K,et al.Invasive crayfish threaten the development of submerged macrophytes in lake restoration[J].PLoS ONE,2013,8(10):e78579.
[18]FRASER L H,GRIME J P.Interacting effects of herbivory and fertility on a synthesized plant community[J].Journal of Ecology,1999,87(3):514-525.
[19]CRONIN G.Influence of macrophyte structure,nutritive value,and chemistry on the feeding choices of a generalist crayfish[M].New York:Springer,1998.
[20]MITH?FER A,Boland W.Plant defense against herbivores:chemical aspects[J].Annual Review of Plant Biology,2012,63(1):431-450.
[21]TURLEY N E,GODFREY R M,JOHNSON M T.Evolution of mixed strategies of plant defense against herbivores[J].New Phytologist,2013,197(2):359-361.
[22]LODGE D M.Herbivory on freshwater macrophytes[J].Aquatic Botany,1991,41(1/3):195-224.
[23]CRONIN G,LODGE D M,HAY M E,et al.Crayfish feeding preferences for freshwater macrophytes:the influence of plant structure and chemistry[J].Journal of Crustacean Biology,2002,22(4):708-718.
[24]CEBRIAN J,SHURIN J B,BORER E T,et al.Producer nutritional quality controls ecosystem trophic structure[J].PLoS ONE,2009,4(3):e4929.
[25]BAKKER E S,WOOD K A,PAGèS J F,et al.Herbivory on freshwater and marine macrophytes:a review and perspective[J].Aquatic Botany,2016,135:18-36.
[26]WARDLE D A,BONNER K I,BARKER G M.Linkages between plant litter decomposition,litter quality,and vegetation responses to herbivores[J].Function Ecology,2010,16(5):585-595.
[27]朱清顺,周刚,于能,等.以滆湖为例湖泊种植饲料水草的养鱼效果研究[J].水产学报,1993,17(3):189-197.
[28]SMOLDERS A J P,VERGEER L H T,VELDE G V D,et al.Phenolic contents of submerged,emergent and floating leaves of aquatic and semi-aquatic macrophyte species:why do they differ[J]?Oikos,2000,91(2):307-310.
[29]CHOI C,BAREISS C,WALENCIAK O,Gross E M.Impact of polyphenols on growth of the aquatic herbivore Acentria ephemerella[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,2002,28(11):2245-2256.
[30]GROSS E M,MEYER H,SCHILLING G.Release and ecological impact of algicidal hydrolysable polyphenols in Myriophyllum spicatum[J].Phytochemistry,1996,41(1):133-138.
[31]CARREIRA B M,DIAS M P,REBELO R.How consumption and fragmentation of macrophytes by the invasive crayfish Procambarus clarkii shape the macrophyte communities of temporary ponds[J].Hydrobiologia,2014,721(1):89-98.
[32]GHERARDI F,AQUILONI L,DIéGUEZURIBEONDO J,et al.Managing invasive crayfish:is there a hope[J]?Aquatic Sciences,2011,73(2):185-200.
[33]AQUILONI L,GHERARDI F.The use of sex pheromones for the control of invasive populations of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii:a field study[J].Hydrobiologia,2010,649(1):249-254.
[34]肖鸣鹤,肖英平,吴志强,等.养殖密度对克氏原螯虾幼虾生长、消化酶活力和生理生化指标的影响[J].水产学报,2012,36(7):1088-1093.
[35]刘琦.克氏原螯虾对两种环境异质性的响应及对隐蔽所的选择[D].南京:南京大学,2017.
[36]田娟,许巧情,田罗,等.洞庭湖克氏原螯虾肌肉成分分析及品质特性分析[J].水生生物学报,2017,41(4):870-877.
[37]武正军,蔡凤金,贾运锋,等.桂林地区克氏原螯虾对泽蛙蝌蚪的捕食[J].生物多样性,2008,16(2):150-155.
[38]徐增洪,周鑫,水燕.克氏原螯虾的食物选择性及其摄食节律[J].大连海洋大学学报,2012,27(2):166-170.
[39]RAGAN M A,CRAIGIE J S.Phenolic compounds in brown and red algae[M].London:Cambrige University Press,1978.
[40]GOERING H K,VAN SOEST P J.Forage fiber analysis:apparatus reagents,procedures and some applications.Washington D.C.:USDA,1970.
[41]NYSTR?M P,BR?NMARK C,GRANéLI W.Patterns in benthic food webs:a role for omnivorous crayfish[J]?Freshwater Biology,1996,36:631-646.
[42]NYSTR?M P,STRAND J.A.Grazing by a native and an exotic crayfish on aquatic macrophytes[J].Freshwater Biology,2010,36(3):673-682.
[43]XIA Chengxing,YU Dan,WANG Zhong,et al.Stoichiometry patterns of leaf carbon,nitrogen and phosphorous in aquatic macrophytes in eastern China[J].Ecological Engineering,2014,70(5):406-413.
[44]郭新红,喻达时,王婕,等．6种植物中木质纤维素含量的比较研究[J]．湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2008,35(9):76-78．
[45]程春龙,李俊清.植物多酚的定量分析方法和生态作用研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(12):2457-2460.
[46]袁昌波,曹特,周存宇,等.洱海三种生活型水生植物叶片中碳、氮与总酚含量的比较研究[J].水生生物学报,2016,40(5):1025-1032.
[47]BOLSER R C,HAY M E,LINDQUIST N,et al.Chemical defenses of freshwater macrophytes against crayfish herbivory[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,1998,24(10):1639-1658.
[48]BRYANT J P,CHAPIN F S,KLEIN D R.Carbon/nutrient balance of boreal plants in relation to vertebrate herbivory[J].Oikos,1983,40(3):357.
[49]GRUNER D S,SMITH J E,SEABLOOM E W,et al.Across-system synthesis of consumer and nutrient resource control on producer biomass[J].Ecology letters,2008,11(7):740-755.
[2]LOUREIRO T G,ANASTáCIO P M S G,ARAUJO P B,et al.Red Swamp crayfish:biology,ecology and invasion-an overview[J].Nauplius,2015,23(1):1-19.
[3]FRANCESCA G.Crayfish invading Europe:the case study of Procambarus clarkii[J].Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology,2006,39(3):175-191.
[4]王卫民.软壳克氏原螯虾在我国开发利用的前景[J].水生生物学报,1999,23(4):375-381.
[5]李振宇,解焱.中国外来入侵种[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2002.
[6]王亚民,曹文宣.中国水生外来入侵物种对策研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,25(1):13-19.
[7]曹玲亮,周立志,张保卫.安徽三大水系入侵物种克氏原螯虾的种群遗传格局[J].生物多样性,2010,18(4):398-407.
[8]王长忠,李忠,梁宏伟,等.长江下游地区4个克氏原螯虾群体的遗传多样性分析[J].生物多样性,2009,17(5):518-523.
[9]张萌,白俊,金辉,等.不同地理群体的克氏原螯虾形态差异多元分析[J].南昌大学学报(理科版),2016,40(2):188-196.
[10]蔡凤金,武正军,何南,等.克氏原螯虾的入侵生态学研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(1):124-132.
[11]HOLDICH D M,LOWERY R S.Freshwater crayfish:biology,management,and exploitation[M].London:Croom Helm,1988.
[12]TWARDOCHLEB L A,OLDEN J D,LARSON E R.Aglobal meta-analysis of the ecological impacts of nonnative crayfish[J].Freshwater Science,2013,32(4):1367-1382.
[13]CORREIA A M,ANASTáCIO P M.Shifts in aquatic macroinvertebrate biodiversity associated with the presence and size of an alien crayfish[J].Ecological Research,2008,23(4):729-734.
[14]GAMRADT S C,KATS L B,ANZALONE C B.Aggression by non-native crayfish deters breeding in California Newts[J].Conservation Biology,1997,11(3):793-796.
[15]REYNOLDS J D,SOUTYGROSSET C,KOZAK P,et al.A review of ecological interactions between crayfish and fish,indigenous and introduced[J].Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems,2011,401(10):1-21.
[16]MATSUZAKI S I S,USIO N,TAKAMURA N,et al.Contrasting impacts of invasive engineers on freshwater ecosystems:an experiment and meta-analysis[J].Oecologia,2009,158(4):673-686.
[17]VAN DER WAL J M,DORENBOSCH M,IMMERS A K,et al.Invasive crayfish threaten the development of submerged macrophytes in lake restoration[J].PLoS ONE,2013,8(10):e78579.
[18]FRASER L H,GRIME J P.Interacting effects of herbivory and fertility on a synthesized plant community[J].Journal of Ecology,1999,87(3):514-525.
[19]CRONIN G.Influence of macrophyte structure,nutritive value,and chemistry on the feeding choices of a generalist crayfish[M].New York:Springer,1998.
[20]MITH?FER A,Boland W.Plant defense against herbivores:chemical aspects[J].Annual Review of Plant Biology,2012,63(1):431-450.
[21]TURLEY N E,GODFREY R M,JOHNSON M T.Evolution of mixed strategies of plant defense against herbivores[J].New Phytologist,2013,197(2):359-361.
[22]LODGE D M.Herbivory on freshwater macrophytes[J].Aquatic Botany,1991,41(1/3):195-224.
[23]CRONIN G,LODGE D M,HAY M E,et al.Crayfish feeding preferences for freshwater macrophytes:the influence of plant structure and chemistry[J].Journal of Crustacean Biology,2002,22(4):708-718.
[24]CEBRIAN J,SHURIN J B,BORER E T,et al.Producer nutritional quality controls ecosystem trophic structure[J].PLoS ONE,2009,4(3):e4929.
[25]BAKKER E S,WOOD K A,PAGèS J F,et al.Herbivory on freshwater and marine macrophytes:a review and perspective[J].Aquatic Botany,2016,135:18-36.
[26]WARDLE D A,BONNER K I,BARKER G M.Linkages between plant litter decomposition,litter quality,and vegetation responses to herbivores[J].Function Ecology,2010,16(5):585-595.
[27]朱清顺,周刚,于能,等.以滆湖为例湖泊种植饲料水草的养鱼效果研究[J].水产学报,1993,17(3):189-197.
[28]SMOLDERS A J P,VERGEER L H T,VELDE G V D,et al.Phenolic contents of submerged,emergent and floating leaves of aquatic and semi-aquatic macrophyte species:why do they differ[J]?Oikos,2000,91(2):307-310.
[29]CHOI C,BAREISS C,WALENCIAK O,Gross E M.Impact of polyphenols on growth of the aquatic herbivore Acentria ephemerella[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,2002,28(11):2245-2256.
[30]GROSS E M,MEYER H,SCHILLING G.Release and ecological impact of algicidal hydrolysable polyphenols in Myriophyllum spicatum[J].Phytochemistry,1996,41(1):133-138.
[31]CARREIRA B M,DIAS M P,REBELO R.How consumption and fragmentation of macrophytes by the invasive crayfish Procambarus clarkii shape the macrophyte communities of temporary ponds[J].Hydrobiologia,2014,721(1):89-98.
[32]GHERARDI F,AQUILONI L,DIéGUEZURIBEONDO J,et al.Managing invasive crayfish:is there a hope[J]?Aquatic Sciences,2011,73(2):185-200.
[33]AQUILONI L,GHERARDI F.The use of sex pheromones for the control of invasive populations of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii:a field study[J].Hydrobiologia,2010,649(1):249-254.
[34]肖鸣鹤,肖英平,吴志强,等.养殖密度对克氏原螯虾幼虾生长、消化酶活力和生理生化指标的影响[J].水产学报,2012,36(7):1088-1093.
[35]刘琦.克氏原螯虾对两种环境异质性的响应及对隐蔽所的选择[D].南京:南京大学,2017.
[36]田娟,许巧情,田罗,等.洞庭湖克氏原螯虾肌肉成分分析及品质特性分析[J].水生生物学报,2017,41(4):870-877.
[37]武正军,蔡凤金,贾运锋,等.桂林地区克氏原螯虾对泽蛙蝌蚪的捕食[J].生物多样性,2008,16(2):150-155.
[38]徐增洪,周鑫,水燕.克氏原螯虾的食物选择性及其摄食节律[J].大连海洋大学学报,2012,27(2):166-170.
[39]RAGAN M A,CRAIGIE J S.Phenolic compounds in brown and red algae[M].London:Cambrige University Press,1978.
[40]GOERING H K,VAN SOEST P J.Forage fiber analysis:apparatus reagents,procedures and some applications.Washington D.C.:USDA,1970.
[41]NYSTR?M P,BR?NMARK C,GRANéLI W.Patterns in benthic food webs:a role for omnivorous crayfish[J]?Freshwater Biology,1996,36:631-646.
[42]NYSTR?M P,STRAND J.A.Grazing by a native and an exotic crayfish on aquatic macrophytes[J].Freshwater Biology,2010,36(3):673-682.
[43]XIA Chengxing,YU Dan,WANG Zhong,et al.Stoichiometry patterns of leaf carbon,nitrogen and phosphorous in aquatic macrophytes in eastern China[J].Ecological Engineering,2014,70(5):406-413.
[44]郭新红,喻达时,王婕,等．6种植物中木质纤维素含量的比较研究[J]．湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2008,35(9):76-78．
[45]程春龙,李俊清.植物多酚的定量分析方法和生态作用研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(12):2457-2460.
[46]袁昌波,曹特,周存宇,等.洱海三种生活型水生植物叶片中碳、氮与总酚含量的比较研究[J].水生生物学报,2016,40(5):1025-1032.
[47]BOLSER R C,HAY M E,LINDQUIST N,et al.Chemical defenses of freshwater macrophytes against crayfish herbivory[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,1998,24(10):1639-1658.
[48]BRYANT J P,CHAPIN F S,KLEIN D R.Carbon/nutrient balance of boreal plants in relation to vertebrate herbivory[J].Oikos,1983,40(3):357.
[49]GRUNER D S,SMITH J E,SEABLOOM E W,et al.Across-system synthesis of consumer and nutrient resource control on producer biomass[J].Ecology letters,2008,11(7):740-755.
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