几种湿地植物的耐盐性与净化水质效果研究
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摘要
为指导盐化富营养化水体的生态修复,通过水培实验,研究不同盐度下水葱、再力花、花菖蒲、香蒲、千屈菜5种湿地植物的耐盐能力,并筛选出2种植物进行水质净化效果比较。结果表明:盐胁迫下5种植物均具有一定的耐盐能力,其中以水葱和千屈菜对盐胁迫适应性更强;轻微的盐度(2.5‰)刺激,有利于水葱和千屈菜对氨氮、总氮、总磷的去除;千屈菜在低盐环境下对总磷、氨氮净化效果更好,但不能长时间耐受高于5.0‰的盐度;高盐浓度下(大于5‰)水葱的生长状况和净化效果明显优于千屈菜,对硝氮、总氮、总磷去除率分别达到了39.5%～55.0%、33.6%～38.5%和63.9%～90.2%。0‰～5‰盐度下,水葱和千屈菜均可以作为净化水质的植物;5‰以上盐度时,水葱可以作为盐化富营养水体生态修复的首选植物。
To guide ecological restoration of salinized eutrophic water, salt-tolerant abilities of five wetland plants, namely Scirpus validus, Thalia?dealbata, Iris ensata var. hortensis, Typha orientalis and Lythrum salicaria were compared by hydroponic experiments and two plants were finally chosen for water purification effect tests. The results showed that five plants could endure a certain degree of salinity, among which Scirpus validus and Lythrum salicaria were more adaptable to salt stress. A slight salinity(2.5‰) was conducive to the removal of ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus. The removal rates of phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen of Lythrum salicaria were higher under low salinity, but got worse at salinities above 5.0‰. Under higher salinity, Scirpus validus grew better, whose removal rates of nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen and phosphorus were 39.5%～55.0%, 33.6%～38.5% and 63.9%～90.2% respectively. Under 0‰～5‰ salinity, Lythrum salicaria and Scirpus validus could be used as alternative plants to purify water. Scirpus validus was the better choice in remedying eutrophic water above 5.0‰ salinity.
To guide ecological restoration of salinized eutrophic water, salt-tolerant abilities of five wetland plants, namely Scirpus validus, Thalia?dealbata, Iris ensata var. hortensis, Typha orientalis and Lythrum salicaria were compared by hydroponic experiments and two plants were finally chosen for water purification effect tests. The results showed that five plants could endure a certain degree of salinity, among which Scirpus validus and Lythrum salicaria were more adaptable to salt stress. A slight salinity(2.5‰) was conducive to the removal of ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus. The removal rates of phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen of Lythrum salicaria were higher under low salinity, but got worse at salinities above 5.0‰. Under higher salinity, Scirpus validus grew better, whose removal rates of nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen and phosphorus were 39.5%～55.0%, 33.6%～38.5% and 63.9%～90.2% respectively. Under 0‰～5‰ salinity, Lythrum salicaria and Scirpus validus could be used as alternative plants to purify water. Scirpus validus was the better choice in remedying eutrophic water above 5.0‰ salinity.
引文
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[2] 李二焕,胡海波,鲁小珍,等.苏北滨海盐土区土壤盐分剖面特征及其理化特性[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(4):116-119,127.
[3] 李芊芊,罗柳青,陈洋芳,等.高盐污水处理人工湿地中耐盐植物的筛选[J].应用与环境生物学报,2017,23(5):873-878.
[4] Moss B,Stersfield J,Irvine K.Development of daphnid communities in diatom and cyanophyte dominated lakes and their relevance to lake restoration by biomanipulation[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,1991,28:586-602.
[5] 温闪闪,刘芳.水生植物对污染水体修复的研究进展[J].净水技术,2014,33(4):9-13.
[6] Li X,Zhang M M,Liu F,et al.Abundance and distribution of microorganisms involved in denitrification in sediments of a Myriophyllum elatinoides purification system for treating swine wastewater[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015(22):17906-17916.
[7] Hadad H R,Maine M A,Bonetto C A.Macrophyte growth in a pilot-scale constructed wetland for industrial wastewater treatment[J].Chemosphere,2006(63):1744-1753.
[8] 董树刚,吴以平.植物生理学实验技术[M].青岛:中国海洋大学出版社,2006:61-62.
[9] 胡秉芬,黄华梨,季元祖,等.不同溶剂浸提枣树叶片叶绿素效果的研究[J].黑龙江农业科学,2017(11):48-54.
[10] 周斌,栗红,李小明.植物样品中盐分离子的几种分析方法比较[J].干旱区研究,2000,17(3):35-39.
[11] 马艳丽,朱虹,王鹏.水分胁迫对3个枣品种电导率和叶片相对含水量的影响[J].林业科技,2016,41(6):15-17,59.
[12] McKay H M,Mason W L.Physiological indicators of tolerance to cold storage in Sitka spruce and Douglas-fir seedlings[J].Canadian Journal Forest Research,1991,21(6):890-901.
[13] Budak H,Shearman R C,Parmaksiz I,et al.Molecular characterization of buffalograss germplasm using sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers[J] .Theoretical and Applied Genetics,2004,108(2):328-334.
[14] 王二林,刘奎义,唐廷贵,等.天津滨海盐生植物[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2007:117-118.
[15] 李德明,尧双.氯化钠对千屈菜生长发育的影响[J].广东农业科学,2011,38(2):37-40.
[16] 马春,李洪远,王英,等.天津滨海地区的盐生植物与盐生植被景观[J].农业科技与信息(现代园林),2008(11):1-5.
[17] 赵可夫,冯立田.中国盐生植物资源[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.
[18] 张政,付融冰,顾国维,等.人工湿地脱氮途径及其影响因素分析[J].生态环境,2006(6):1385-1390.
[19] 耿兵,张燕荣,王妮珊,等.不同水生植物净化污染水源水的试验研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(3):548-553.
[20] 付晓云,何兴元.5种水生植物脱氮除磷能力比较[J].西北林学院学报,2014,29(3):79-82,91.
[21] Liu J L,Liu J K,Anderson J T,et al.Potential of aquatic macrophytes and artificial floating island for removing contaminants[J].Plant Biosystems-An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology,2016,150(4):702-709.
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