喀斯特石漠化演变过程中土地利用变化——以贵州省关岭县为例
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摘要
土地利用变化是人类活动影响地表变化的重要表征,喀斯特石漠化是生态环境恶化的指示,对生态脆弱的喀斯特地区进行石漠化和土地利用变化的时空分布研究,是地球变化研究的重要议题。通过"3S"技术对典型喀斯特地区关岭县2010～2015年石漠化演变过程和土地利用变化分析,研究发现:(1)无石漠化面积增加了80. 68 km~2,强度、极强度石漠化面积分别减少50. 5和78. 61 km~2,石漠化治理工程初见成效,但石漠化演化是一个双向反复的转化过程;(2)水田、旱地、草地和未利用地面积分别减少54. 4、59. 05、15. 39和302. 82 km~2,有林地、灌木林地和建设用地面积分别增加270. 82、145. 38、13. 37km~2,农户生计资本转变致使耕地撂荒,生态修复工程成效显著;(3)土地利用的变化是石漠化演变方向的指示剂,植被的正向演替区域与石漠化减轻区域吻合,耕地和聚落分布区域与石漠化恶化区域吻合。
Land use change is an important indicator of the impact of human activities on surface changes. Karst rocky desertification is an indicator of the deterioration of ecological environment. The study of the spatial and temporal distribution of rocky desertification and land use change in ecologically fragile Karst areas is an important issue in the study of earth change. Through the "3 S"technology analysis of the evolution process and land use change of the rocky desertification in Guanling County in the typical Karst area from 2010 to 2015,it is as follows.(1) the area without rocky desertification increased by 80. 68 km~2,the area of rocky desertification with intensity and intensity. Reducing 50. 5 and 78. 61 km~2 respectively,the rocky desertification control project has achieved initial results,but the rock desertification evolution is a two-way repeated transformation process.(2) The area of paddy fields,dry land,grassland and unused land decreased by 54. 4,59. 05,15. 39 and 302. 82 km~2,respectively,and the area of forest land,shrub land and construction land increased by 270. 82,145. 38 and 13. 37 km~2 respectively,resulting in the conversion of farmers' livelihood capital. The cultivated land has been abandoned,and the ecological restoration project has achieved remarkable results.(3) Land use change is an indicator of the evolution direction of rocky desertification. The positive succession area of vegetation coincides with the rocky desertification reduction area,and the cultivated land and settlement area coincides with the deterioration of rocky desertification.
Land use change is an important indicator of the impact of human activities on surface changes. Karst rocky desertification is an indicator of the deterioration of ecological environment. The study of the spatial and temporal distribution of rocky desertification and land use change in ecologically fragile Karst areas is an important issue in the study of earth change. Through the "3 S"technology analysis of the evolution process and land use change of the rocky desertification in Guanling County in the typical Karst area from 2010 to 2015,it is as follows.(1) the area without rocky desertification increased by 80. 68 km~2,the area of rocky desertification with intensity and intensity. Reducing 50. 5 and 78. 61 km~2 respectively,the rocky desertification control project has achieved initial results,but the rock desertification evolution is a two-way repeated transformation process.(2) The area of paddy fields,dry land,grassland and unused land decreased by 54. 4,59. 05,15. 39 and 302. 82 km~2,respectively,and the area of forest land,shrub land and construction land increased by 270. 82,145. 38 and 13. 37 km~2 respectively,resulting in the conversion of farmers' livelihood capital. The cultivated land has been abandoned,and the ecological restoration project has achieved remarkable results.(3) Land use change is an indicator of the evolution direction of rocky desertification. The positive succession area of vegetation coincides with the rocky desertification reduction area,and the cultivated land and settlement area coincides with the deterioration of rocky desertification.
引文
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4 Ford D C,Williams P W.Karst geomorphology and hydrology[M].London:Unwin Hyman,1989:1-10
5熊康宁,池永宽.中国南方喀斯特生态系统面临的问题及对策[J].生态经济,2015,31(1):23-30Xiong Kangning,Chi Yongkuan.The problems in Southern China karst ecosystem in Southern of China and its countermeasures[J].Ecological Economy,2015,31(1):23-30
6 Day M J,Chenoweth M S.The karst lands of Trinidad and Tobago,their land use and conservation[J].Geographical Journal,2004,170(3):256-266
7 Gillieson D,Wallbrink P,Cochrane A.Vegetation change,erosion risk and land management on the Nullarbor Plain,Australia[J].Environmental Geology,1996,28(3):145-153
8 Sauro U.Human impact on the karst of the Venetian Fore-Alps,Italy[J].Environmental Geology,1993,21(3):115-121
9杨明德.论喀斯特环境的脆弱性[J].云南地理环境研究,1990,2(1):21-29Yang Mingde.On the vulnerability of karst environment[J].Studies in Geography and Environment of Yunnan,1990,2(1):21-29
10王世杰.喀斯特石漠化---中国西南最严重的生态地质环境问题[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2003,22(2):120-126Wang Shijie.The most serious eco-geologically environmental problem in Southwestern China-karst rocky desertification[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,2003,22(2):120-126
11屠玉麟.黔桂滇岩溶山区脱贫与持续发展对策[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然版),1996,14(3):14-19Tu Yulin.Countermeasures for poverty alleviation and sustainable development in karst mountain areas of Guizhou and Guangxi[J].Journal of Guizhou Normal University(Natural Science),1996,14(3):14-19
12袁道先.岩溶与全球变化研究[J].地球科学进展,1995,10(5):471-474Yuan Daoxian.Research on karst and global change[J].Advances in Earth Science,1995,10(5):471-474
13熊康宁,黎平,周忠发,等.喀斯特石漠化的遥感-GIS典型研究:以贵州省为例[M].北京:地质出版社,2002:23-28Xiong Kangning,Li Ping,Zhou Zhongfa,et al.Remote sensingGIS typical study of karst rocky desertification:taking Guizhou Province as an example[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2002:23-28
14王恺宁,王修信.喀斯特城市石漠化遥感参数的时空变化[J].科学技术与工程,2018,18(10):284-289Wang Kaining,Wang Xiuxin.Temporal and spatial changes of desertification remote sensing parameters in Karst City[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2018,18(10):284-289
15安显金,李维.基于WOS数据库和CSCD的全球喀斯特研究动态[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2018,36(3):14-22An Xianjin,Li Wei.Development trends of global karst research based on WOS and CSCD[J].Journal of Guizhou Normal University(Natural Sciences),2018,36(3):14-22
16王世杰.喀斯特石漠化概念演绎及其科学内涵的探讨[J].中国岩溶,2002,21(2):101-105Wang Shijie.Discussion on the conceptual deduction of karst rocky desertification and its scientific connotation[J].Chinese Journal of Karst,2002,21(2):101-105
17李阳兵,黄娟,徐倩,等.对石漠化概念及其治理的再思考[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017,35(5):1-6Li Yangbing,Huang Juan,Xu Qian,et al.Rethinking the concept and restoration of karst rocky desertification[J].Journal of Guizhou Normal University(Natural Sciences),2017,35(5):1-6
18王世杰.喀斯特石漠化概念演绎及其科学内涵的探讨[J].中国岩溶,2002,21(2):101-105Wang Shijie.Discussion on the conceptual deduction of karst rocky desertification and its scientific connotation[J].Chinese Journal of Karst,2002,21(2):101-105
19陈起伟,熊康宁,蓝安军.基于“3S”的贵州喀斯特石漠化现状及变化趋势分析[J].中国岩溶,2007,26(1):37-42Chen Qiwei,Xiong Kangning,Lan Anjun.Analysis of the status and trend of karst rocky desertification in Guizhou based on“3S”[J].Chinese Journal of Karst,2007,26(1):37-42
20李阳兵,王世杰,罗光杰,等.喀斯特石漠化演变轨迹的典型案例研究---以贵州盘县为例[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2010,21(3):118-124Li Yangbing,Wang Shijie,Luo Guangjie,et al.Evolution tracks of Karst rocky desertification:A typical case in Panxian County[J].Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2010,21(3):118-124
21田秀玲,倪健.西南喀斯特山区石漠化治理的原则、途径与问题[J].干旱区地理,2010,33(4):532-539Tian Xiuling,Ni Jian.Principles,way and problems of rock desertification control in Karst mountainous areas of Southwest China[J].Arid Land Geography,2010,33(4):532-539
22王德炉,朱守谦,黄宝龙.贵州喀斯特石漠化类型及程度评价[J].生态学报,2005,25(5):1057-1063Wang Delu,Zhu Shouqian,Huang Baolong.Evaluation of the types and extent pf Karst rocky desertification in Guizhou[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2005,25(5):1057-1063
23熊康宁,陈起伟.基于生态综合治理的石漠化演变规律与趋势讨论[J].中国岩溶,2010,29(3):267-273Xiong Kangning,Chen Qiwei.Discussion on Karst rocky evolution trend based on ecologically comprehensive treatment[J].Chinese Journal of Karst,2010,29(3):267-273
24王世杰,李阳兵,李瑞玲.喀斯特石漠化的形成背景、演化与治理[J].第四纪研究,2003,23(6):657-666Wang Shijie,Li Yangbing,Li Ruiling.Formation background,evolution and management of Karst rocky desertification[J].Quaternary Sciences,2003,23(6):657-666
25袁士聪.基于RS与GIS的喀斯特石漠化演变特征研究---以贵州省紫云县为例[D].贵阳:贵州师范大学,2008Yuan Shicong.Study on the evolution characteristics of Karst rocky desertification based on RS and GIS-taking Ziyun County of Guizhou Province as an example[D].Guiyang:Guizhou Normal University,2008
26兰安军,张百平,熊康宁,等.黔西南脆弱喀斯特生态环境空间格局分析[J].地理研究,2003,22(6):733-741Lan Anjun,Zhang Baiping,Xiong Kangning,et al.Spatial pattern analysis of fragile Karst ecological environment in Southwestern Guizhou[J].Geographical Research,2003,22(6):733-741
27李阳兵,罗光杰,程安云,等.黔中高原面石漠化演变典型案例研究---以普定后寨河地区为例[J].地理研究,2013,32(5):828-838Li Yangbing,Luo Guangjie,Cheng Anyun,et al.A typical case study on evolution of karst rocky desertification in central Guizhou Province-A case of Houzhaihe in Puding County[J].Geographical Research,2013,32(5):828-838
28 Wang S J,Liu Q M,Zhang D F.Karst rocky desertification in southwestern China:Geomorphology,landuse,impact and rehabilitation[J].Land Degradation&Development,2010,15(2):115-121
29刘子琦,王宏远,张乾柱.基于洞穴沉积物记录的石漠化演变重要历史事件相关研究[J].科学技术与工程,2014,14(4):18-21Liu Ziqi,Wang Hongyuan,Zhang Qianzhu.The research for historical events of development of rocky desertification based on speleothems records[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2014,14(4):18-21
30白晓永,王世杰,陈起伟,等.贵州土地石漠化类型时空演变过程及其评价[J].地理学报,2009,64(5):609-618Bai Xiaoyong,Wang Shijie,Chen Qiwei,et al.Spatio-temporal evolution process and its evaluation method of Karst rocky desertification in Guizhou Province[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2009,64-(5):609-618
31中央人民政府.习近平在中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会上的报告[R/OL].(2017-10-27)[2019-01-31].http://www.gov.cn/zhuanti/2017-10/27/content_5234876.htm The State Council.Xi’s report to the 19th CPC National Congress.[R/OL].(2017-10-27)[2019-01-31].http://www.gov.cn/zhuanti/2017-10/27/content_5234876.htm
32陈起伟.贵州岩溶地区石漠化时空变化规律及发展趋势研究[D].贵阳:贵州师范大学,2009Chen Qiwei.Spatio-temporal variation and development trend of rocky desertification in Karst area of Guizhou[D].Guiyang:Guizhou Normal University,2009
33黄威廉,屠玉麟.贵州植被区划[J].贵州师范大学学报:自然科学版,1983(1):28-49Huang Weilian,Tu Yulin.Guizhou vegetation division[J].Guizhou Normal University:Natural Sciences,1983(1):28-49
34王世杰,李阳兵.生态建设中的喀斯特石漠化分级问题[J].中国岩溶,2005,24(3):192-195Wang Shijie,Li Yangbing.Karst rocky desertification classification in ecological construction[J].Chinese Journal of Karst,2005,24(3):192-195
35李阳兵,王世杰,容丽.关于中国西南石漠化的若干问题[J].长江流域资源与环境,2003,12(6):593-598Li Yangbing,Wang Shijie,Rong Li.Problems of Karst rocky desertification in Southwest China[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2003,12(6):593-598
2 Lawler J J,Lewis D J,Nelson E,et al.Projected land-use change impacts on ecosystem services in the United States[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2014,111(20):7492
3刘纪远,宁佳,匡文慧,等.2010~2015年中国土地利用变化的时空格局与新特征[J].地理学报,2018,73(5):789-802Liu Jiyuan,Ning Jia,Kuang Wenhui,et al.Spatio-temporal patterns and characteristics of land-use change in China during 2010~2015[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2018,73(5):789-802
4 Ford D C,Williams P W.Karst geomorphology and hydrology[M].London:Unwin Hyman,1989:1-10
5熊康宁,池永宽.中国南方喀斯特生态系统面临的问题及对策[J].生态经济,2015,31(1):23-30Xiong Kangning,Chi Yongkuan.The problems in Southern China karst ecosystem in Southern of China and its countermeasures[J].Ecological Economy,2015,31(1):23-30
6 Day M J,Chenoweth M S.The karst lands of Trinidad and Tobago,their land use and conservation[J].Geographical Journal,2004,170(3):256-266
7 Gillieson D,Wallbrink P,Cochrane A.Vegetation change,erosion risk and land management on the Nullarbor Plain,Australia[J].Environmental Geology,1996,28(3):145-153
8 Sauro U.Human impact on the karst of the Venetian Fore-Alps,Italy[J].Environmental Geology,1993,21(3):115-121
9杨明德.论喀斯特环境的脆弱性[J].云南地理环境研究,1990,2(1):21-29Yang Mingde.On the vulnerability of karst environment[J].Studies in Geography and Environment of Yunnan,1990,2(1):21-29
10王世杰.喀斯特石漠化---中国西南最严重的生态地质环境问题[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2003,22(2):120-126Wang Shijie.The most serious eco-geologically environmental problem in Southwestern China-karst rocky desertification[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,2003,22(2):120-126
11屠玉麟.黔桂滇岩溶山区脱贫与持续发展对策[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然版),1996,14(3):14-19Tu Yulin.Countermeasures for poverty alleviation and sustainable development in karst mountain areas of Guizhou and Guangxi[J].Journal of Guizhou Normal University(Natural Science),1996,14(3):14-19
12袁道先.岩溶与全球变化研究[J].地球科学进展,1995,10(5):471-474Yuan Daoxian.Research on karst and global change[J].Advances in Earth Science,1995,10(5):471-474
13熊康宁,黎平,周忠发,等.喀斯特石漠化的遥感-GIS典型研究:以贵州省为例[M].北京:地质出版社,2002:23-28Xiong Kangning,Li Ping,Zhou Zhongfa,et al.Remote sensingGIS typical study of karst rocky desertification:taking Guizhou Province as an example[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2002:23-28
14王恺宁,王修信.喀斯特城市石漠化遥感参数的时空变化[J].科学技术与工程,2018,18(10):284-289Wang Kaining,Wang Xiuxin.Temporal and spatial changes of desertification remote sensing parameters in Karst City[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2018,18(10):284-289
15安显金,李维.基于WOS数据库和CSCD的全球喀斯特研究动态[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2018,36(3):14-22An Xianjin,Li Wei.Development trends of global karst research based on WOS and CSCD[J].Journal of Guizhou Normal University(Natural Sciences),2018,36(3):14-22
16王世杰.喀斯特石漠化概念演绎及其科学内涵的探讨[J].中国岩溶,2002,21(2):101-105Wang Shijie.Discussion on the conceptual deduction of karst rocky desertification and its scientific connotation[J].Chinese Journal of Karst,2002,21(2):101-105
17李阳兵,黄娟,徐倩,等.对石漠化概念及其治理的再思考[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017,35(5):1-6Li Yangbing,Huang Juan,Xu Qian,et al.Rethinking the concept and restoration of karst rocky desertification[J].Journal of Guizhou Normal University(Natural Sciences),2017,35(5):1-6
18王世杰.喀斯特石漠化概念演绎及其科学内涵的探讨[J].中国岩溶,2002,21(2):101-105Wang Shijie.Discussion on the conceptual deduction of karst rocky desertification and its scientific connotation[J].Chinese Journal of Karst,2002,21(2):101-105
19陈起伟,熊康宁,蓝安军.基于“3S”的贵州喀斯特石漠化现状及变化趋势分析[J].中国岩溶,2007,26(1):37-42Chen Qiwei,Xiong Kangning,Lan Anjun.Analysis of the status and trend of karst rocky desertification in Guizhou based on“3S”[J].Chinese Journal of Karst,2007,26(1):37-42
20李阳兵,王世杰,罗光杰,等.喀斯特石漠化演变轨迹的典型案例研究---以贵州盘县为例[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2010,21(3):118-124Li Yangbing,Wang Shijie,Luo Guangjie,et al.Evolution tracks of Karst rocky desertification:A typical case in Panxian County[J].Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2010,21(3):118-124
21田秀玲,倪健.西南喀斯特山区石漠化治理的原则、途径与问题[J].干旱区地理,2010,33(4):532-539Tian Xiuling,Ni Jian.Principles,way and problems of rock desertification control in Karst mountainous areas of Southwest China[J].Arid Land Geography,2010,33(4):532-539
22王德炉,朱守谦,黄宝龙.贵州喀斯特石漠化类型及程度评价[J].生态学报,2005,25(5):1057-1063Wang Delu,Zhu Shouqian,Huang Baolong.Evaluation of the types and extent pf Karst rocky desertification in Guizhou[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2005,25(5):1057-1063
23熊康宁,陈起伟.基于生态综合治理的石漠化演变规律与趋势讨论[J].中国岩溶,2010,29(3):267-273Xiong Kangning,Chen Qiwei.Discussion on Karst rocky evolution trend based on ecologically comprehensive treatment[J].Chinese Journal of Karst,2010,29(3):267-273
24王世杰,李阳兵,李瑞玲.喀斯特石漠化的形成背景、演化与治理[J].第四纪研究,2003,23(6):657-666Wang Shijie,Li Yangbing,Li Ruiling.Formation background,evolution and management of Karst rocky desertification[J].Quaternary Sciences,2003,23(6):657-666
25袁士聪.基于RS与GIS的喀斯特石漠化演变特征研究---以贵州省紫云县为例[D].贵阳:贵州师范大学,2008Yuan Shicong.Study on the evolution characteristics of Karst rocky desertification based on RS and GIS-taking Ziyun County of Guizhou Province as an example[D].Guiyang:Guizhou Normal University,2008
26兰安军,张百平,熊康宁,等.黔西南脆弱喀斯特生态环境空间格局分析[J].地理研究,2003,22(6):733-741Lan Anjun,Zhang Baiping,Xiong Kangning,et al.Spatial pattern analysis of fragile Karst ecological environment in Southwestern Guizhou[J].Geographical Research,2003,22(6):733-741
27李阳兵,罗光杰,程安云,等.黔中高原面石漠化演变典型案例研究---以普定后寨河地区为例[J].地理研究,2013,32(5):828-838Li Yangbing,Luo Guangjie,Cheng Anyun,et al.A typical case study on evolution of karst rocky desertification in central Guizhou Province-A case of Houzhaihe in Puding County[J].Geographical Research,2013,32(5):828-838
28 Wang S J,Liu Q M,Zhang D F.Karst rocky desertification in southwestern China:Geomorphology,landuse,impact and rehabilitation[J].Land Degradation&Development,2010,15(2):115-121
29刘子琦,王宏远,张乾柱.基于洞穴沉积物记录的石漠化演变重要历史事件相关研究[J].科学技术与工程,2014,14(4):18-21Liu Ziqi,Wang Hongyuan,Zhang Qianzhu.The research for historical events of development of rocky desertification based on speleothems records[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2014,14(4):18-21
30白晓永,王世杰,陈起伟,等.贵州土地石漠化类型时空演变过程及其评价[J].地理学报,2009,64(5):609-618Bai Xiaoyong,Wang Shijie,Chen Qiwei,et al.Spatio-temporal evolution process and its evaluation method of Karst rocky desertification in Guizhou Province[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2009,64-(5):609-618
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