黄河三角洲潮间带盐地碱蓬湿地土壤磷含量和储量的季节动态变化特征
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摘要
以黄河三角洲潮间带盐地碱蓬湿地为研究对象,通过在春季、夏季和秋季分别采集0～10 cm和10～20 cm土层的土壤样品,分析了盐地碱蓬湿地土壤磷素的时空动态变化特征。研究结果表明:盐地碱蓬湿地土壤总磷(TP)、有效磷(AP)和AP/TP比值的变化趋势相似,且具有高度的时间异质性,都呈现秋季低、夏季和次年春季高的"V"形分布特征;湿地土壤TP水平较高,已超过生态毒性的最低阈值(600 mg·kg~(-1)),但该区土壤AP/TP比值低于磷的生物利用度的阈值(2%);湿地土壤TP储量随夏季、秋季、次年春季呈依次减少的变化趋势,AP储量也呈现秋季低、夏春季高的"V"形分布特征;湿地土壤TP、AP含量和储量在两个土层之间不存在显著性差异(P>0.05)。湿地土壤TP和土壤含水量(P<0.05)、Al和Mg(P<0.01)均存在显著正相关关系,和土壤盐度呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05);AP和土壤含水量及容重显著正相关(P<0.05);土壤磷素与土壤有机质、土壤pH的相关性均未达到显著性水平(P>0.05)。总体上,黄河三角洲盐地碱蓬湿地土壤磷的垂直变异性不大,但具有明显的季节变异性,其含量与土壤铝镁化合物以及土壤盐度和含水量具有显著的相关性。
Soil samples at both 0～10 cm and 10～20 cm soil layers were collected in summer, autumn, and spring to investigate temporal and spatial dynamics of soil phosphorus in Suaeda salsa wetlands in the intertidal zone of the Yellow River Delta. Our results showed that variations in soil total phosphorus(TP), available phosphorus(AP)and AP/TP ratios were similar, showing high temporal heterogeneity,with a V-shaped temporal distribution, where their values were low in autumn and high in summer and spring. Total phosphorus levels in wetland soils were higher than the lowest threshold of ecotoxicity(600 mg·kg~(-1)), but the AP/TP ratios were lower than the threshold of bioavailability of phosphorus(2%). Total phosphorus stocks in wetland soils decreased seasonally following the order summer, autumn, and spring, and the available phosphorus stocks also exhibited a V-shaped distribution. No significant differences in contents and stocks of soil total phosphorus and available phosphorus were observed between 0～10 cm and 10～20 cm soil layers. Soil total phosphorus had significant positive correlations with soil water content(P<0.05), and Al and Mg contents(P<0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between total phosphorus and soil salinity(P<0.05). Available phosphorus was significantly correlated with soil water content and bulk density(P<0.05). However, no significant correlations were observed between soil phosphorus and soil organic matter and soil pH(P>0.05).Generally, there was no large vertical variability of soil phosphorus in the Yellow River Delta, but an obvious seasonal variability was observed, and soil phosphorus contents were clearly related to soil aluminum-magnesium compounds, soil salinity, and water content.
Soil samples at both 0～10 cm and 10～20 cm soil layers were collected in summer, autumn, and spring to investigate temporal and spatial dynamics of soil phosphorus in Suaeda salsa wetlands in the intertidal zone of the Yellow River Delta. Our results showed that variations in soil total phosphorus(TP), available phosphorus(AP)and AP/TP ratios were similar, showing high temporal heterogeneity,with a V-shaped temporal distribution, where their values were low in autumn and high in summer and spring. Total phosphorus levels in wetland soils were higher than the lowest threshold of ecotoxicity(600 mg·kg~(-1)), but the AP/TP ratios were lower than the threshold of bioavailability of phosphorus(2%). Total phosphorus stocks in wetland soils decreased seasonally following the order summer, autumn, and spring, and the available phosphorus stocks also exhibited a V-shaped distribution. No significant differences in contents and stocks of soil total phosphorus and available phosphorus were observed between 0～10 cm and 10～20 cm soil layers. Soil total phosphorus had significant positive correlations with soil water content(P<0.05), and Al and Mg contents(P<0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between total phosphorus and soil salinity(P<0.05). Available phosphorus was significantly correlated with soil water content and bulk density(P<0.05). However, no significant correlations were observed between soil phosphorus and soil organic matter and soil pH(P>0.05).Generally, there was no large vertical variability of soil phosphorus in the Yellow River Delta, but an obvious seasonal variability was observed, and soil phosphorus contents were clearly related to soil aluminum-magnesium compounds, soil salinity, and water content.
引文
[1] Reddy K R, Delaune R D, Reddy K R, et al. Biogeochemistry of wetlands:Science and applications[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2009, 73(2):1779.
[2] Sun J, Xu G, Shao H, et al. Potential retention and release capacity of phosphorus in the newly formed wetland soils from the Yellow River Delta, China[J]. Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica, 2012, 40(10):1131-1136.
[3] Carpenter S R, Caraco N F, Correll D L, et al. Nonpoint pollution of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen[J]. Ecological Applications,1998, 8(3):559-568.
[4] Cross A F, Schlesinger W H. Biological and geochemical controls on phosphorus fractions in semiarid soils[J]. Biogeochemistry, 2001, 52(2):155-172.
[5]芦晓峰,张亦舒,王毅,等.辽宁双台河口湿地各功能区中沉积物全磷的时空分布规律[J].沈阳农业大学学报, 2015, 46(6):751-756.LU Xiao-feng, ZHANG Yi-shu, WANG Yi, et al. Spatial and temporal distribution of total phosphorus in the sediments of each function area in Shuangtai Estuary wetland[J]. Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University, 2015, 46(6):751-756.
[6] Xiao R, Bai J, Gao H, et al. Spatial distribution of phosphorus in marsh soils of a typical land/inland water ecotone along a hydrological gradient[J]. Catena, 2012, 98:96-103.
[7] Adhami E, Owliaie H R, Molavi R, et al. Effects of soil properties on phosphorus fractions in subtropical soils of Iran[J]. Journal of Soil Science&Plant Nutrition, 2013, 13(1):11-21.
[8] H?kanson L, Eklund J M. Relationships between chlorophyll, salinity,phosphorus, and nitrogen in lakes and marine areas[J]. Journal of Coastal Research, 2010, 26(3):412-423.
[9] Olila O G, Reddy K R, Stites D L. Influence of draining on soil phosphorus forms and distribution in a constructed wetland[J]. Ecological Engineering, 1997, 9(3/4):157-169.
[10] Gabriel O, Balla D, Kalettka T, et al. Sink or source? The effect of hydrology on phosphorus release in the cultivated riverine wetland Spreewald(Germany)[J]. Water Science&Technology A Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research, 2008, 58(9):1813-1822.
[11] Chepkwony C K, Haynes R J, Swift R S, et al. Mineralization of soil organic P induced by drying and rewetting as a source of plant-available P in limed and unlimed samples of an acid soil[J]. Plant&Soil,2001, 234(1):83-90.
[12]白秀玲,周云凯,王杰华,等.鄱阳湖湿地灰化苔草生长季氮磷含量与储量的变化[J].生态学报, 2018, 38(13):4752-4760.BAI Xiu-ling, ZHOU Yun-kai, WANG Jie-hua, et al. Nitrogen and phosphorus concentration, and storage dynamics of Carex cinerascens during the spring growing season in Poyang Lake wetland[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 38(13):4752-4760.
[13] Cui B S, Yang Q C, Yang Z F, et al. Evaluating the ecological performance of wetland restoration in the Yellow River Delta, China[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2009, 35(7):1090-1103.
[14]夏玉强,李海龙.影响潮间带湿地的环境水文因素:以海南东寨港红树林湿地为例[J].长江科学院院报, 2010, 27(10):35-38.XIA Yu-qiang, LI Hai-long. Environmental&hydrogeological factors of tidal marsh:A case study in Dongzhaigang mangrove reserve[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 2010, 27(10):35-38.
[15]牟晓杰,孙志高,刘兴土.黄河口翅碱蓬湿地土壤氮的季节变化[J].干旱区资源与环境, 2013, 27(1):114-119.MU Xiao-jie, SUN Zhi-gao, LIU Xing-tu. Seasonal change characteristics of soil nitrogen in different Suaeda salsa marsh in the Yellow River estuary[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2013, 27(1):114-119.
[16] Sun T, Yang Z F, Cui B S. Critical environmental flows to support integrated ecological objectives for the Yellow River Estuary, China[J].Water Resources Management, 2008, 22(8):973-989.
[17]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.LU Ru-kun. Methods of soil agricultural chemical analysis[M]. Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press, 2000.
[18] Ye X, Bai J, Lu Q, et al. Spatial and seasonal distributions of soil phosphorus in a typical seasonal flooding wetland of the Yellow River Delta, China[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2014, 71(11):4811-4820.
[19]白军红,邓伟,王庆改,等.内陆盐沼湿地土壤碳氮磷剖面分布的季节动态特征[J].湖泊科学, 2007, 19(5):599-603.BAI Jun-hong, DENG Wei, WANG Qing-gai, et al. Seasonal dynamics of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous in soil profiles from an inland salt marsh[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2007, 19(5):599-603.
[20] Gao Z, Bai J, Jia J, et al. Spatial and temporal changes of phosphorus in coastal wetland soils as affected by a tidal creek in the Yellow River Estuary, China[J]. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C,2015, 89/90:114-120.
[21] Tripathi S K, Kushwaha C P, Singh K P. Tropical forest and savanna ecosystems show differential impact of N and P additions on soil organic matter and aggregate structure[J]. Global Change Biology, 2008,14(11):2572-2581.
[22] Richardson A E, Simpson R J. Soil microorganisms mediating phosphorus availability update on microbial phosphorus[J]. Plant Physiology, 2011, 156(3):989-996.
[23] Schmidt I K, Jonasson S, Michelsen A. Mineralization and microbial immobilization of N and P in arctic soils in relation to season, temperature and nutrient amendment[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 1999, 11(2/3):147-160.
[24]杨永兴,王世岩,何太蓉.三江平原湿地生态系统P、K分布特征及季节动态研究[J].应用生态学报, 2001, 12(4):522-526.YANG Yong-xing, WANG Shi-yan, HE Tai-rong. Distribution characteristics and seasonal dynamics of phosphorus and potassium in wetland ecosystem in the Sanjiang Plain[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2001, 12(4):522-526.
[25] Gudimov A, Ramin M, Labencki T, et al. Predicting the response of Hamilton Harbour to the nutrient loading reductions:A modeling analysis of the“ecological unknowns”[J]. Journal of Great Lakes Research,2011, 37(3):494-506.
[26]肖蓉,白军红,高海峰,等.封闭性和开放性沼泽湿地土壤全磷的季节变化特征[J].草业学报, 2010, 19(3):88-93.XIAO Rong, BAI Jun-hong, GAO Hai-feng, et al. Seasonal variations of total phosphorus in marsh soils from open and closed wetlands[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2010, 19(3):88-93.
[27] Bai J, Xiao R, Zhang K, et al. Arsenic and heavy metal pollution in wetland soils from tidal freshwater and salt marshes before and after the flow-sediment regulation regime in the Yellow River Delta, China[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2012, 450/451(11):244-253.
[28] Gao Z, Fang H, Bai J, et al. Spatial and seasonal distributions of soil phosphorus in a short-term flooding wetland of the Yellow River Estuary, China[J]. Ecological Informatics, 2016, 31:83-90.
[29] Persaud D, Jaagumagi R, Hayton A. Guidelines for the protection and management of aquatic sediment quality in Ontario[J]. International&Comparative Law Quarterly, 1993(2):494-495.
[30] Igwe C A, Zarei M, Stahr K. Fe and Al oxides distribution in some ultisols and inceptisols of southeastern Nigeria in relation to soil total phosphorus[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2010, 60(5):1103-1111.
[31] Satti P, Mazzarino M J, Roselli L, et al. Factors affecting soil P dynamics in temperate volcanic soils of southern Argentina[J]. Geoderma,2007, 139(1/2):229-240.
[32]梁玉英,黄益宗,孟凡乔.铝化合物控制土壤磷素流失的机理研究[J].环境化学, 2007, 26(2):141-143.LIANG Yu-ying, HUANG Yi-zong, MENG Fan-qiao. Effect of aluminum compounds on phosphorus release in soil[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2007, 26(2):141-143.
[33] Liu P, Bai J, Ding Q, et al. Effects of water level and salinity on TN and TP contents in marsh soils of the Yellow River Delta, China[J].Clean–Soil Air Water, 2012, 40(10):1118-1124.
[34] Rietz D N, Haynes R J. Effects of irrigation-induced salinity and sodicity on soil microbial activity[J]. Soil Biology&Biochemistry, 2003,35(6):845-854.
[35] Ye X, Bai J, Lu Q, et al. Spatial and seasonal distributions of soil phosphorus in a typical seasonal flooding wetland of the Yellow River Delta, China[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2014, 71(11):4811-4820.
[36]贾佳,白军红,高照琴,等.黄河三角洲潮间带盐沼土壤碳、氮含量和储量[J].湿地科学, 2015, 13(6):714-721.JIA Jia, BAI Jun-hong, GAO Zhao-qin, et al. Carbon and nitrogen contents and storages in intertidal salt marshes soils in the Yellow River Delta[J]. Wetland Science, 2015, 13(6):714-721.
[37] Fekri M, Gorgin N, Sadegh L. Phosphorus desorption kinetics in two calcareous soils amended with P fertilizer and organic matter[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2011, 64(3):721-729.
[38] Camargo L A, Júnior J M, Pereira G T, et al. Spatial correlation between the composition of the clay fraction and contents of available phosphorus of an Oxisol at hillslope scale[J]. Catena, 2013, 100(2):100-106.
[39]贾兴永.土壤性质对外源磷化学有效性及吸附解吸的影响研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院, 2011.JIA Xing-yong. Study on the effect of soil properties on chemical efficiency and adsorption and desorption of exogenous phosphorus[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2011.
[40] Gustafsson J P, Mwamila L B, Kergoat K. The pH dependence of phosphate sorption and desorption in Swedish agricultural soils[J]. Geoderma, 2012, 189/190(6):304-311.
[2] Sun J, Xu G, Shao H, et al. Potential retention and release capacity of phosphorus in the newly formed wetland soils from the Yellow River Delta, China[J]. Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica, 2012, 40(10):1131-1136.
[3] Carpenter S R, Caraco N F, Correll D L, et al. Nonpoint pollution of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen[J]. Ecological Applications,1998, 8(3):559-568.
[4] Cross A F, Schlesinger W H. Biological and geochemical controls on phosphorus fractions in semiarid soils[J]. Biogeochemistry, 2001, 52(2):155-172.
[5]芦晓峰,张亦舒,王毅,等.辽宁双台河口湿地各功能区中沉积物全磷的时空分布规律[J].沈阳农业大学学报, 2015, 46(6):751-756.LU Xiao-feng, ZHANG Yi-shu, WANG Yi, et al. Spatial and temporal distribution of total phosphorus in the sediments of each function area in Shuangtai Estuary wetland[J]. Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University, 2015, 46(6):751-756.
[6] Xiao R, Bai J, Gao H, et al. Spatial distribution of phosphorus in marsh soils of a typical land/inland water ecotone along a hydrological gradient[J]. Catena, 2012, 98:96-103.
[7] Adhami E, Owliaie H R, Molavi R, et al. Effects of soil properties on phosphorus fractions in subtropical soils of Iran[J]. Journal of Soil Science&Plant Nutrition, 2013, 13(1):11-21.
[8] H?kanson L, Eklund J M. Relationships between chlorophyll, salinity,phosphorus, and nitrogen in lakes and marine areas[J]. Journal of Coastal Research, 2010, 26(3):412-423.
[9] Olila O G, Reddy K R, Stites D L. Influence of draining on soil phosphorus forms and distribution in a constructed wetland[J]. Ecological Engineering, 1997, 9(3/4):157-169.
[10] Gabriel O, Balla D, Kalettka T, et al. Sink or source? The effect of hydrology on phosphorus release in the cultivated riverine wetland Spreewald(Germany)[J]. Water Science&Technology A Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research, 2008, 58(9):1813-1822.
[11] Chepkwony C K, Haynes R J, Swift R S, et al. Mineralization of soil organic P induced by drying and rewetting as a source of plant-available P in limed and unlimed samples of an acid soil[J]. Plant&Soil,2001, 234(1):83-90.
[12]白秀玲,周云凯,王杰华,等.鄱阳湖湿地灰化苔草生长季氮磷含量与储量的变化[J].生态学报, 2018, 38(13):4752-4760.BAI Xiu-ling, ZHOU Yun-kai, WANG Jie-hua, et al. Nitrogen and phosphorus concentration, and storage dynamics of Carex cinerascens during the spring growing season in Poyang Lake wetland[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 38(13):4752-4760.
[13] Cui B S, Yang Q C, Yang Z F, et al. Evaluating the ecological performance of wetland restoration in the Yellow River Delta, China[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2009, 35(7):1090-1103.
[14]夏玉强,李海龙.影响潮间带湿地的环境水文因素:以海南东寨港红树林湿地为例[J].长江科学院院报, 2010, 27(10):35-38.XIA Yu-qiang, LI Hai-long. Environmental&hydrogeological factors of tidal marsh:A case study in Dongzhaigang mangrove reserve[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 2010, 27(10):35-38.
[15]牟晓杰,孙志高,刘兴土.黄河口翅碱蓬湿地土壤氮的季节变化[J].干旱区资源与环境, 2013, 27(1):114-119.MU Xiao-jie, SUN Zhi-gao, LIU Xing-tu. Seasonal change characteristics of soil nitrogen in different Suaeda salsa marsh in the Yellow River estuary[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2013, 27(1):114-119.
[16] Sun T, Yang Z F, Cui B S. Critical environmental flows to support integrated ecological objectives for the Yellow River Estuary, China[J].Water Resources Management, 2008, 22(8):973-989.
[17]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.LU Ru-kun. Methods of soil agricultural chemical analysis[M]. Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press, 2000.
[18] Ye X, Bai J, Lu Q, et al. Spatial and seasonal distributions of soil phosphorus in a typical seasonal flooding wetland of the Yellow River Delta, China[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2014, 71(11):4811-4820.
[19]白军红,邓伟,王庆改,等.内陆盐沼湿地土壤碳氮磷剖面分布的季节动态特征[J].湖泊科学, 2007, 19(5):599-603.BAI Jun-hong, DENG Wei, WANG Qing-gai, et al. Seasonal dynamics of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous in soil profiles from an inland salt marsh[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2007, 19(5):599-603.
[20] Gao Z, Bai J, Jia J, et al. Spatial and temporal changes of phosphorus in coastal wetland soils as affected by a tidal creek in the Yellow River Estuary, China[J]. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C,2015, 89/90:114-120.
[21] Tripathi S K, Kushwaha C P, Singh K P. Tropical forest and savanna ecosystems show differential impact of N and P additions on soil organic matter and aggregate structure[J]. Global Change Biology, 2008,14(11):2572-2581.
[22] Richardson A E, Simpson R J. Soil microorganisms mediating phosphorus availability update on microbial phosphorus[J]. Plant Physiology, 2011, 156(3):989-996.
[23] Schmidt I K, Jonasson S, Michelsen A. Mineralization and microbial immobilization of N and P in arctic soils in relation to season, temperature and nutrient amendment[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 1999, 11(2/3):147-160.
[24]杨永兴,王世岩,何太蓉.三江平原湿地生态系统P、K分布特征及季节动态研究[J].应用生态学报, 2001, 12(4):522-526.YANG Yong-xing, WANG Shi-yan, HE Tai-rong. Distribution characteristics and seasonal dynamics of phosphorus and potassium in wetland ecosystem in the Sanjiang Plain[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2001, 12(4):522-526.
[25] Gudimov A, Ramin M, Labencki T, et al. Predicting the response of Hamilton Harbour to the nutrient loading reductions:A modeling analysis of the“ecological unknowns”[J]. Journal of Great Lakes Research,2011, 37(3):494-506.
[26]肖蓉,白军红,高海峰,等.封闭性和开放性沼泽湿地土壤全磷的季节变化特征[J].草业学报, 2010, 19(3):88-93.XIAO Rong, BAI Jun-hong, GAO Hai-feng, et al. Seasonal variations of total phosphorus in marsh soils from open and closed wetlands[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2010, 19(3):88-93.
[27] Bai J, Xiao R, Zhang K, et al. Arsenic and heavy metal pollution in wetland soils from tidal freshwater and salt marshes before and after the flow-sediment regulation regime in the Yellow River Delta, China[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2012, 450/451(11):244-253.
[28] Gao Z, Fang H, Bai J, et al. Spatial and seasonal distributions of soil phosphorus in a short-term flooding wetland of the Yellow River Estuary, China[J]. Ecological Informatics, 2016, 31:83-90.
[29] Persaud D, Jaagumagi R, Hayton A. Guidelines for the protection and management of aquatic sediment quality in Ontario[J]. International&Comparative Law Quarterly, 1993(2):494-495.
[30] Igwe C A, Zarei M, Stahr K. Fe and Al oxides distribution in some ultisols and inceptisols of southeastern Nigeria in relation to soil total phosphorus[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2010, 60(5):1103-1111.
[31] Satti P, Mazzarino M J, Roselli L, et al. Factors affecting soil P dynamics in temperate volcanic soils of southern Argentina[J]. Geoderma,2007, 139(1/2):229-240.
[32]梁玉英,黄益宗,孟凡乔.铝化合物控制土壤磷素流失的机理研究[J].环境化学, 2007, 26(2):141-143.LIANG Yu-ying, HUANG Yi-zong, MENG Fan-qiao. Effect of aluminum compounds on phosphorus release in soil[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2007, 26(2):141-143.
[33] Liu P, Bai J, Ding Q, et al. Effects of water level and salinity on TN and TP contents in marsh soils of the Yellow River Delta, China[J].Clean–Soil Air Water, 2012, 40(10):1118-1124.
[34] Rietz D N, Haynes R J. Effects of irrigation-induced salinity and sodicity on soil microbial activity[J]. Soil Biology&Biochemistry, 2003,35(6):845-854.
[35] Ye X, Bai J, Lu Q, et al. Spatial and seasonal distributions of soil phosphorus in a typical seasonal flooding wetland of the Yellow River Delta, China[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2014, 71(11):4811-4820.
[36]贾佳,白军红,高照琴,等.黄河三角洲潮间带盐沼土壤碳、氮含量和储量[J].湿地科学, 2015, 13(6):714-721.JIA Jia, BAI Jun-hong, GAO Zhao-qin, et al. Carbon and nitrogen contents and storages in intertidal salt marshes soils in the Yellow River Delta[J]. Wetland Science, 2015, 13(6):714-721.
[37] Fekri M, Gorgin N, Sadegh L. Phosphorus desorption kinetics in two calcareous soils amended with P fertilizer and organic matter[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2011, 64(3):721-729.
[38] Camargo L A, Júnior J M, Pereira G T, et al. Spatial correlation between the composition of the clay fraction and contents of available phosphorus of an Oxisol at hillslope scale[J]. Catena, 2013, 100(2):100-106.
[39]贾兴永.土壤性质对外源磷化学有效性及吸附解吸的影响研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院, 2011.JIA Xing-yong. Study on the effect of soil properties on chemical efficiency and adsorption and desorption of exogenous phosphorus[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2011.
[40] Gustafsson J P, Mwamila L B, Kergoat K. The pH dependence of phosphate sorption and desorption in Swedish agricultural soils[J]. Geoderma, 2012, 189/190(6):304-311.
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